Merge tag 'v0.6.0' into develop

Release v0.6.0.

.clang-format

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ AlignTrailingComments: true
 AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: false
 AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
 AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: None
-AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: Never
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: Always
 AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: true
 AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Always
 AlwaysBreakAfterDefinitionReturnType: None

.gdb.debug

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-symbol-file ./mentos/kernel.bin
-exec-file ./mentos/kernel.bin
-target remote localhost:1234

.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+name: Ubuntu
+on:
+    push:
+        branches-ignore:
+            - "releases/**"
+        paths-ignore:
+            - "**.md"
+            - ".gitignore"
+            - "**/macos.yml"
+            - "**/windows.yml"
+    pull_request:
+        paths-ignore:
+            - "**.md"
+            - ".gitignore"
+            - "**/macos.yml"
+            - "**/windows.yml"
+jobs:
+    doxygen:
+        name: Doxygen
+        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        steps:
+            - name: Clone repository
+              uses: actions/checkout@v3
+            - name: Install dependencies
+              run: |
+                  sudo apt-get update
+                  sudo apt-get install -y doxygen nasm
+            - name: Generate documentation
+              run: |
+                  cmake -B build -D DOXYGEN_WARN_AS_ERROR=NO
+                  cmake --build build --target mentos_documentation
+    build:
+        name: Build
+        strategy:
+            fail-fast: false
+            matrix:
+                include: [
+                        # You can access the following values via ${{ matrix.??? }}
+                        #
+                        #   pkgs         : apt-get package names.  It can include multiple package names which are delimited by space.
+                        #   cc           : C compiler executable.
+                        #   cxx          : C++ compiler executable for `make ctocpptest`.
+                        #   x32          : Set 'true' if compiler supports x32.  Otherwise, set 'false'.
+                        #                  Set 'fail' if it supports x32 but fails for now.  'fail' cases must be removed.
+                        #   x86          : Set 'true' if compiler supports x86 (-m32).  Otherwise, set 'false'.
+                        #                  Set 'fail' if it supports x86 but fails for now.  'fail' cases must be removed.
+                        #   cxxtest      : Set 'true' if it can be compiled as C++ code.  Otherwise, set 'false'.
+                        #   freestanding : Set 'true' if it can be compiled and execute freestanding code.  Otherwise, set 'false'.
+                        #                  Usually, it requires Linux, x86_64 and gcc/g++.
+                        #   os           : GitHub Actions YAML workflow label.  See https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments#available-environments
+                        # gcc
+                        { pkgs: "nasm", cc: gcc, cxx: g++, os: ubuntu-latest },
+                        { pkgs: "gcc-12 g++-12 nasm", cc: gcc-12, cxx: g++-12, os: ubuntu-22.04 },
+                        { pkgs: "gcc-11 g++-11 nasm", cc: gcc-11, cxx: g++-11, os: ubuntu-22.04 },
+                        { pkgs: "gcc-10 g++-10 nasm", cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10, os: ubuntu-22.04 },
+                        { pkgs: "gcc-9 g++-9 nasm", cc: gcc-9, cxx: g++-9, os: ubuntu-22.04 },
+                        { pkgs: "gcc-8 g++-8 nasm", cc: gcc-8, cxx: g++-8, os: ubuntu-20.04 },
+                        { pkgs: "gcc-7 g++-7 nasm", cc: gcc-7, cxx: g++-7, os: ubuntu-20.04 },
+                        # clang
+                        { pkgs: "nasm", cc: clang, cxx: clang++, os: ubuntu-latest },
+                        { pkgs: "clang-14 nasm", cc: clang-14, cxx: clang++-14, os: ubuntu-22.04 },
+                        { pkgs: "clang-13 nasm", cc: clang-13, cxx: clang++-13, os: ubuntu-22.04 },
+                        { pkgs: "clang-12 nasm", cc: clang-12, cxx: clang++-12, os: ubuntu-22.04 },
+                        { pkgs: "clang-11 nasm", cc: clang-11, cxx: clang++-11, os: ubuntu-22.04 },
+                        { pkgs: "clang-10 nasm", cc: clang-10, cxx: clang++-10, os: ubuntu-20.04 },
+                        { pkgs: "clang-9 nasm", cc: clang-9, cxx: clang++-9, os: ubuntu-20.04 },
+                        { pkgs: "clang-8 nasm", cc: clang-8, cxx: clang++-8, os: ubuntu-20.04 },
+                        { pkgs: "clang-7 nasm", cc: clang-7, cxx: clang++-7, os: ubuntu-20.04 },
+                    ]
+        runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+        # Set environment variables
+        env:
+            # We globally set CC and CXX.
+            CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+            CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+        steps:
+            - name: Clone repository
+              uses: actions/checkout@v3
+            - name: Install dependencies
+              run: |
+                  sudo apt-get update
+                  sudo apt-get install -y ${{ matrix.pkgs }}
+            - name: Build
+              run: |
+                  cmake -B build
+                  cmake --build build --parallel 2

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+# Covers Visual Studio Code
+.vscode/*
+!.vscode/settings.json
+!.vscode/tasks.json
+!.vscode/launch.json
+!.vscode/extensions.json
+!.vscode/*.code-snippets
+# Local History for Visual Studio Code
+.history/
+# Built Visual Studio Code Extensions
+*.vsix
+
 # Covers JetBrains IDEs: IntelliJ, RubyMine, PhpStorm, AppCode, PyCharm, CLion, Android Studio and WebStorm
 # Reference: https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/articles/206544839
 
@@ -101,4 +113,10 @@ src/initscp/initfscp
 .DS_Store
 
 # OS filesystem files.
-files/bin/**
+files/bin/**
+
+# ISO creation files.
+iso/boot/*.bin
+
+# ClangD stuff.
+.cache

.travis.jml

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-dist      : xenial
-sudo      : required
-language  : c
-
-matrix:
-  include:
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources:
-            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
-          packages:
-            - gcc-5
-      env: COMPILER=gcc-5
-
-before_install:
-  - sudo apt-get update -qq
-  - sudo apt-get install -qq nasm
-
-script:
-  - mkdir build
-  - cd build
-  - cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$COMPILER .. && make

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+    "configurations": [
+        {
+            "type": "gdb",
+            "request": "attach",
+            "name": "(gdb) Attach",
+            "target": "localhost:1234",
+            "remote": true,
+            "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}/build",
+            "valuesFormatting": "parseText"
+        }
+    ]
+}

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,158 +1,267 @@
 # =============================================================================
-# Set the minimum required version of cmake.
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
-# Initialize the project.
-project(MentOs)
+# PROJECT SETUP
+# =============================================================================
+
+# Set the minimum required version of cmake.
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1...3.22)
+
+# Initialize the project.
+project(mentos C ASM)
 
-# =============================================================================
 # Set the default build type to Debug.
 if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
-  message(STATUS "Setting build type to 'Debug' as none was specified.")
-  set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE
-      "Debug"
-      CACHE STRING "Choose the type of build." FORCE)
+    message(STATUS "Setting build type to 'Debug' as none was specified.")
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug" CACHE STRING "Choose the type of build." FORCE)
 endif()
 
 # =============================================================================
+# OS-SPECIFIC COMPILERS SETUP
+# =============================================================================
+
 # Add operating system specific option.
 message(STATUS "Crosscompiling : ${CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING}")
 message(STATUS "System name    : ${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME}")
 message(STATUS "Kernel version : ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION}")
 if((${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME} STREQUAL "Darwin") OR APPLE)
-  # Set the Apple MacOSx compilers.
-  if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "3.6.0")
-    include(CMakeForceCompiler)
-    cmake_force_c_compiler(i386-elf-gcc Clang)
-    cmake_force_cxx_compiler(i386-elf-g++ Clang)
-  else()
-    set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER i386-elf-gcc)
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER i386-elf-g++)
-    set(CMAKE_AR i386-elf-ar)
-  endif()
-  # Speicfy the linker.
-  set(CMAKE_LINKER i386-elf-ld)
-  # Specify the linker flags.
-  set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -nostdlib")
-
+    # Specify the linker flags.
+    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -nostdlib")
 elseif((${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME} STREQUAL "Windows") OR WIN32)
   # Windows set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -sdl)
-
 else()
-  # Generic Unix System
-  find_program(LSB_RELEASE_EXEC lsb_release)
-  execute_process(
-    COMMAND "${LSB_RELEASE_EXEC}" --short --release
-    OUTPUT_VARIABLE LSB_RELEASE_VERSION_SHORT
-    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
-  message(STATUS "LSB version    : ${LSB_RELEASE_VERSION_SHORT}")
-  if(${LSB_RELEASE_VERSION_SHORT} MATCHES "^18")
-    # Ubuntu 18 set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -sdl)
-  elseif(${LSB_RELEASE_VERSION_SHORT} MATCHES "^19")
-    # Ubuntu 19
-    set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -display gtk)
-  elseif(${LSB_RELEASE_VERSION_SHORT} MATCHES "^20")
-    # Ubuntu 20
-    set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -display gtk)
-  else()
-    # set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -sdl)
-  endif()
+    # Generic Unix System.
+    # Find the `lsb_release` program.
+    find_program(LSB_RELEASE_EXEC lsb_release HINTS /usr/bin/ /usr/local/bin/)
+    # Mark the program path as advanced, we do not want it to appear as an option.
+    mark_as_advanced(LSB_RELEASE_EXEC)
+    # Get the version.
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND "${LSB_RELEASE_EXEC}" --short --release
+        OUTPUT_VARIABLE LSB_RELEASE_VERSION_SHORT
+        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+    )
+    message(STATUS "LSB version    : ${LSB_RELEASE_VERSION_SHORT}")
+    if(${LSB_RELEASE_VERSION_SHORT} MATCHES "^18")
+        # Ubuntu 18 set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -sdl)
+    elseif(${LSB_RELEASE_VERSION_SHORT} MATCHES "^19")
+        # Ubuntu 19
+        set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -display gtk)
+    elseif(${LSB_RELEASE_VERSION_SHORT} MATCHES "^20")
+        # Ubuntu 20
+        set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -display gtk)
+    else()
+        # set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -sdl)
+    endif()
+    # Speicfy the linker.
+    set(CMAKE_LINKER ld)
 endif()
 
 # =============================================================================
-# Add the debugging option.
-set(DEBUGGING_TYPE
-    "DEBUG_STDIO"
-    CACHE STRING "Chose the type of debugging: DEBUG_STDIO DEBUG_LOG")
-set_property(CACHE DEBUGGING_TYPE PROPERTY STRINGS DEBUG_STDIO DEBUG_LOG)
-if("${DEBUGGING_TYPE}" STREQUAL "DEBUG_STDIO" OR "${DEBUGGING_TYPE}" STREQUAL "DEBUG_LOG")
-  set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -D${DEBUGGING_TYPE}")
-  message(STATUS "Setting debugging type to ${DEBUGGING_TYPE}.")
+# ASSEMBLY COMPILER
+# =============================================================================
+
+# Find the NASM compiler.
+find_program(ASM_COMPILER NAMES nasm HINTS /usr/bin/ /usr/local/bin/)
+# Mark the variable ASM_COMPILER as advanced.
+mark_as_advanced(ASM_COMPILER)
+# Check that we have found the compiler.
+if(NOT ASM_COMPILER)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "ASM compiler not found!")
+endif(NOT ASM_COMPILER)
+# Set the asm compiler.
+set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER ${ASM_COMPILER})
+# Set the assembly compiler flags.
+if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+    set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILE_OBJECT "<CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER> -f elf -g -O0 -F dwarf -o <OBJECT> <SOURCE>")
 else()
-  message(FATAL_ERROR "Debugging type ${DEBUGGING_TYPE} is not valid.")
+    set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILE_OBJECT "<CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER> -f elf -g -O3 -o <OBJECT> <SOURCE>")
 endif()
 
 # =============================================================================
+# GLOBAL COMPILATION FLAGS
+# =============================================================================
+
+# Warning flags.
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wall")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Werror")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wpedantic")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -pedantic-errors")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wshadow")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -std=gnu99")
+
+# Disable some specific warnings.
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-function")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-variable")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unknown-pragmas")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-missing-braces")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-command-line-argument")
+
+# Set the compiler options.
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -static")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -nostdlib")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -nostdinc")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -fno-builtin")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -fno-stack-protector")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -fno-pic")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -fomit-frame-pointer")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -m32")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -march=i686")
+
+if(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 10)
+    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -fcommon")
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -g3")
+    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -ggdb")
+    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -O0")
+elseif(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Release")
+    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -O3")
+endif(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+
+# Set the assembly compiler flags.
+set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS "${CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS} -m32")
+
+# =============================================================================
+# SUB-DIRECTORIES SETUP
+# =============================================================================
+
 # Add the sub-directories.
 add_subdirectory(programs)
 add_subdirectory(programs/tests)
 add_subdirectory(mentos)
-add_subdirectory(initscp)
 add_subdirectory(libc)
 add_subdirectory(doc)
 
 # =============================================================================
-# Target to generate the initrd filesystem.
-add_custom_target(
-  initrd
-  COMMAND echo "---------------------------------------------"
-  COMMAND echo "Initializing 'initrd'..."
-  COMMAND echo "---------------------------------------------"
-  COMMAND initfscp -s ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/files -t ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/initrd -m /dev
-  COMMAND echo "---------------------------------------------"
-  COMMAND echo "Done!"
-  COMMAND echo "---------------------------------------------"
-  DEPENDS initfscp
-  DEPENDS all_programs all_tests)
+# FILESYSTEM
+# =============================================================================
+
+# MentOS is compatible with EXT2 fileystems. This target generates an EXT2
+# fileystem using the content of the `files` folder.
+add_custom_target(filesystem
+    BYPRODUCTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/rootfs.img
+    COMMAND echo '============================================================================='
+    COMMAND echo 'Creating EXT2 filesystem...'
+    COMMAND echo '============================================================================='
+    COMMAND mkdir -p ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/files/proc
+    COMMAND mkdir -p ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/files/dev
+    COMMAND mke2fs -L 'rootfs' -N 0 -d ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/files -b 4096 -m 5 -r 1 -t ext2 -v -F ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/rootfs.img 32M
+    COMMAND echo '============================================================================='
+    COMMAND echo 'Done!'
+    COMMAND echo '============================================================================='
+    DEPENDS programs tests
+)
 
 # =============================================================================
-# Update GDB symbol file.
-add_custom_target(
-  gdb_file
-  COMMAND echo "symbol-file ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/kernel-bootloader.bin" >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  COMMAND echo "exec-file   ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/kernel-bootloader.bin" >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  COMMAND bash ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/get_text_address.sh ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/kernel.bin > ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  COMMAND bash ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/get_text_address.sh ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/kernel-bootloader.bin >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  COMMAND bash ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/get_text_address.sh ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/programs/tests/test_* >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  COMMAND bash ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/get_text_address.sh ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/programs/prog_* >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  COMMAND echo "break boot.c: boot_main" >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  COMMAND echo "break kernel.c: kmain" >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  COMMAND echo "target remote localhost:1234" >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  DEPENDS ${PROJECT_NAME}_bootloader
-  DEPENDS all_programs all_tests
-  DEPENDS libc)
+# EMULATION SERIAL OUTPUT OPTION
+# =============================================================================
+# Set the list of valid emulator output options.
+set(EMULATOR_OUTPUT_TYPES OUTPUT_STDIO OUTPUT_LOG)
+# Add the emulator output option.
+set(EMULATOR_OUTPUT_TYPE "OUTPUT_STDIO" CACHE STRING "Chose the type of emulator output: ${EMULATOR_OUTPUT_TYPES}")
+# List of emulator output options.
+set_property(CACHE EMULATOR_OUTPUT_TYPE PROPERTY STRINGS ${EMULATOR_OUTPUT_TYPES})
+# Check which emulator output option is currently active.
+list(FIND EMULATOR_OUTPUT_TYPES ${EMULATOR_OUTPUT_TYPE} INDEX)
+if(index EQUAL -1)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Emulator output type ${EMULATOR_OUTPUT_TYPE} is not valid.")
+else()
+    message(STATUS "Setting emulator output type to ${EMULATOR_OUTPUT_TYPE}.")
+endif()
 
 # =============================================================================
-# Update GDB symbol file.
-add_custom_target(
-  gdb_file_clion_embedded
-  COMMAND echo "symbol-file ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/kernel-bootloader.bin" >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  COMMAND echo "exec-file   ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/kernel-bootloader.bin" >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  COMMAND bash ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/get_text_address.sh ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/kernel.bin > ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  COMMAND bash ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/get_text_address.sh ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/kernel-bootloader.bin >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  COMMAND bash ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/get_text_address.sh ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/programs/prog_* >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
-  DEPENDS ${PROJECT_NAME}_bootloader
-  DEPENDS all_programs all_tests
-  DEPENDS libc)
-
+# EMULATOR CONFIGURATION
 # =============================================================================
-# Set memory size.
-set(MEMORY_SIZE 1096M)
 
-# =============================================================================
-# Builds the code and runs qemu with the built Os.
+# Set the emulator.
 set(EMULATOR qemu-system-i386)
-if(${DEBUGGING_TYPE} STREQUAL DEBUG_LOG)
-  set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -serial file:serial.log)
-elseif(${DEBUGGING_TYPE} STREQUAL DEBUG_STDIO)
-  set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -serial stdio)
-endif(${DEBUGGING_TYPE} STREQUAL DEBUG_LOG)
+# Set the debug type.
+if(${EMULATOR_OUTPUT_TYPE} STREQUAL OUTPUT_LOG)
+    set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -serial file:${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/serial.log)
+elseif(${EMULATOR_OUTPUT_TYPE} STREQUAL OUTPUT_STDIO)
+    set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -serial stdio)
+endif(${EMULATOR_OUTPUT_TYPE} STREQUAL OUTPUT_LOG)
+# Set the type of video.
 set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -vga std)
-set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -m ${MEMORY_SIZE})
-set(EMULATOR_KERNEL -kernel mentos/kernel-bootloader.bin)
-set(EMULATOR_FS -initrd initrd)
-
-add_custom_target(
-  qemu
-  COMMAND ${EMULATOR} ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} ${EMULATOR_KERNEL} ${EMULATOR_FS}
-  DEPENDS kernel-bootloader.bin initrd all_programs all_tests libc)
+# Set the amount of memory.
+set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -m 1096M)
+# Set the EXT2 drive.
+set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -drive file=${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/rootfs.img,format=raw,index=0,media=disk)
 
 # =============================================================================
-# Builds the code and runs qemu with the built Os.
-set(EMULATOR_FLAGS_GDB ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -s -S)
+# Booting with QEMU for fun
+# =============================================================================
 
+# This first target runs the emulator passing the kernel binary file.
 add_custom_target(
-  qemu-gdb
-  COMMAND ${EMULATOR} ${EMULATOR_FLAGS_GDB} ${EMULATOR_KERNEL} ${EMULATOR_FS} &
-  DEPENDS gdb_file kernel-bootloader.bin initrd)
+    qemu
+    COMMAND test -e ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/rootfs.img || ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E cmake_echo_color --red "No filesystem file detected, you need to run: make filesystem"
+    COMMAND ${EMULATOR} ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -kernel ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/bootloader.bin
+    DEPENDS bootloader.bin
+)
 
-add_custom_target(all-execs-clion-embedded DEPENDS gdb_file_clion_embedded kernel-bootloader.bin initrd)
+# =============================================================================
+# Booting with QEMU+GDB for debugging
+# =============================================================================
+
+# First, we need to generate a GDB file containing all the symbols of all our
+# executables.
+add_custom_target(
+    gdbinit
+    BYPRODUCTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/gdb.run
+    # Create the generic gdb configuration.
+    COMMAND echo "add-symbol-file ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/kernel.bin" > ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/gdb.run
+    COMMAND echo "add-symbol-file ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/bootloader.bin" >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/gdb.run
+    COMMAND find ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/files/bin -type f  | xargs realpath | sed 's/^/add-symbol-file /' >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/gdb.run
+    COMMAND echo "break boot.c: boot_main" >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/gdb.run
+    COMMAND echo "break kernel.c: kmain" >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/gdb.run
+    # Create the GDB connection file.
+    COMMAND echo "target remote localhost:1234" >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/gdb.run
+    DEPENDS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/bootloader.bin
+    DEPENDS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/kernel.bin
+    DEPENDS programs
+    DEPENDS tests
+    DEPENDS libc
+)
+
+# This second target runs the emualtor passing the kernel binary file, and also
+# the `-s -S` options. This basically tells the emulator to run the kernel in
+# debug mode, and pause it up until a debugger connects to it.
+add_custom_target(
+    qemu-gdb
+    COMMAND test -e ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/rootfs.img || ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E cmake_echo_color --red "No filesystem file detected, you need to run: make filesystem"
+    COMMAND echo ""
+    COMMAND echo "Now, QEMU has loaded the kernel, and it is waiting that you"
+    COMMAND echo "remotely connect to it. To start debugging, open a new shell"
+    COMMAND echo "in THIS same folder, and just type:"
+    COMMAND echo "    gdb --quiet --command=gdb.run"
+    COMMAND echo "or if you want to use cgdb, type:"
+    COMMAND echo "    cgdb --quiet --command=gdb.run"
+    COMMAND echo ""
+    COMMAND ${EMULATOR} ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -s -S -kernel ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/bootloader.bin
+    DEPENDS bootloader.bin
+    DEPENDS gdbinit
+)
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Booting with QEMU+GRUB
+# =============================================================================
+
+# First, we need to build the ISO for the cdrom.
+add_custom_target(
+  cdrom.iso
+  COMMAND cp -rf ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/iso .
+  COMMAND cp ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/bootloader.bin ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/iso/boot
+  COMMAND grub-mkrescue -o ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/cdrom.iso ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/iso
+  DEPENDS bootloader.bin
+)
+
+# This third target runs the emualtor, but this time, the kernel binary file is
+# inside the cdrom, so we will not pass the `-kernel` option. We will pass the
+# `-cdrom` option and the `-boot d` option, all the other options will remain
+# the same.
+add_custom_target(
+    qemu-grub
+    COMMAND ${EMULATOR} ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -boot d -cdrom ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/cdrom.iso
+    DEPENDS cdrom.iso
+)

CODING_STYLE.md

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-# Coding Style
-If you'd like to contribute you are welcome, thus refer to the following coding
-styles please:
-
-* **C**: _the Linux kernel coding style_
-  https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.10/process/coding-style.html

LICENSE.md

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 MIT License
 
-Copyright (c) 2019 Alessandro Danese, Enrico Fraccaroli, Luigi Capogrosso, 
-Mirco De Marchi
+Copyright (c) 2014-2024 MentOs-Team.
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,33 @@
-# MentOS
+# MentOS (Mentoring Operating System)
 
 [![forthebadge](https://forthebadge.com/images/badges/built-with-love.svg)](https://forthebadge.com)
 [![forthebadge](https://forthebadge.com/images/badges/made-with-c.svg)](https://forthebadge.com)
 [![forthebadge](https://forthebadge.com/images/badges/for-you.svg)](https://forthebadge.com)
 
-## 1. What is MentOS
+[![Ubuntu](https://github.com/mentos-team/MentOS/actions/workflows/ubuntu.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/mentos-team/MentOS/actions/workflows/ubuntu.yml)
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [MentOS (Mentoring Operating System)](#mentos-mentoring-operating-system)
+  - [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
+  - [What is MentOS](#what-is-mentos)
+  - [Implemented features](#implemented-features)
+  - [Prerequisites](#prerequisites)
+    - [Installing the prerequisites](#installing-the-prerequisites)
+  - [Compiling MentOS](#compiling-mentos)
+  - [Generating the EXT2 filesystem](#generating-the-ext2-filesystem)
+  - [Running MentOS](#running-mentos)
+  - [Running MentOS from GRUB](#running-mentos-from-grub)
+  - [Running and adding new programs to MentOS](#running-and-adding-new-programs-to-mentos)
+    - [Create a new program](#create-a-new-program)
+    - [Add the new program to the list of compiled sources](#add-the-new-program-to-the-list-of-compiled-sources)
+    - [Running a program or a test](#running-a-program-or-a-test)
+  - [Kernel logging](#kernel-logging)
+  - [Change the scheduling algorithm](#change-the-scheduling-algorithm)
+  - [Debugging the kernel](#debugging-the-kernel)
+  - [Contributors](#contributors)
+
+## What is MentOS
 
 MentOS (Mentoring Operating System) is an open source educational operating
 system. The goal of MentOS is to provide a project environment that is realistic
@@ -26,66 +49,99 @@ Parts of MentOS are inherited or inspired by a similar educational operating
 system called [DreamOs](https://github.com/dreamos82/DreamOs) written by Ivan
 Gualandri.
 
-## 2. Prerequisites
+*[Back to the Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)*
+
+## Implemented features
+
+Follows the list of implemented features:
+
+**Processes and Events**
+ - [x] Memory protection (User vs Kernel);
+ - [x] Processes;
+ - [x] Scheduler (synchronous and asynchronous);
+ - [x] Interrupts and Exceptions;
+ - [x] Signals;
+ - [x] Timers and RTC;
+ - [x] Wait-queues;
+ - [x] System Calls;
+ - [ ] Multi-core;
+ 
+**Memory**
+ - [x] Paging;
+ - [x] Buddy System;
+ - [x] Slab Allocation;
+ - [x] Zone Allocator;
+ - [x] Cache Allocator;
+ - [x] Heap;
+ - [x] Virtual Addressing;
+
+**Filesystem**
+ - [x] Virtual Filesystem (VFS);
+ - [x] Initramfs;
+ - [x] EXT2;
+ - [x] Procfs;
+
+**Input/Output**
+ - [x] Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) drivers;
+ - [x] Keyboard drivers (IT/ENG layouts);
+ - [x] Video drivers;
+ - [ ] VGA drivers;
+
+**Inter-Process Communication (IPC)**
+ - [X] Semaphore
+ - [ ] Message queue
+ - [ ] Shared memory
+ - [ ] Named pipe
+
+I will try to keep it updated...
+
+*[Back to the Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)*
+
+## Prerequisites
 
 MentOS is compatible with the main **unix-based** operating systems. It has been
-tested with *Ubuntu*, *WSL1*, *WSL2*, and  *MacOS*.
+tested with *Ubuntu*, and under Windows with *WSL1* and *WSL2*.
 
-### 2.1. Generic Prerequisites
+For **compiling** the system we need:
 
-#### 3.1.1. Compile
-
-For compiling the system:
-
- - nasm
+ - git
  - gcc
+ - nasm
  - make
  - cmake
- - git
  - ccmake (suggested)
+ - e2fsprogs (should be already installed)
 
 Under **MacOS**, for compiling, you have additional dependencies:
 
  - i386-elf-binutils
  - i386-elf-gcc
 
-#### 3.1.2. Execute
-
-To execute the operating system, you need to install:
+For **executing** the operating system we need:
 
  - qemu-system-i386 (or qemu-system-x86)
 
-#### 3.1.3. Debug
+For **debugging** we suggest using:
 
-For debugging we suggest using:
+ - gdb or cgdb
 
- - cgdb
- - xterm
-
-### 2.2. installation Prerequisites
+### Installing the prerequisites
 
 Under **Ubuntu**, you can type the following commands:
 
 ```bash
 sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
-sudo apt-get install -y build-essential git cmake qemu-system-i386 
-sudo apt-get install -y cgdb xterm
+sudo apt-get install -y git build-essential nasm make cmake cmake-curses-gui e2fsprogs
+sudo apt-get install -y qemu-system-x86
+sudo apt-get install -y gdb cgdb
 ```
+Note: Older versions might have `qemu-system-i386` instead of `qemu-system-x86`.
 
-Under **MacOS** you also need to install the i386-elf cross-compiler. The
-simplest installation method is through Homebrew package manager.
-Install [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/index_it) if you don't already have it, and
-then type the following commands:
+*[Back to the Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)*
 
-```bash
-brew update && brew upgrade
-brew install i386-elf-binutils i386-elf-gcc git cmake qemu nasm
-brew install cgdb xterm #<- for debug only
-```
+## Compiling MentOS
 
-## 3. Compiling MentOS
-
-Compile and boot MentOS with qemu:
+Compile MentOS with:
 
 ```bash
 cd <clone_directory>
@@ -93,36 +149,205 @@ mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake ..
 make
+```
+
+*[Back to the Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)*
+
+## Generating the EXT2 filesystem
+
+Generate the EXT2 filesystem with:
+
+```bash
+make filesystem
+```
+you just need to generate the filesystem once. If you change a `program` you need to re-generate the entire filesystem with `make filesystem`, but this will override any changes you made to the files inside the `rootfs.img`. In the future I will find a way to update just the `/usr/bin` directory and the programs.
+
+*[Back to the Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)*
+
+## Running MentOS
+
+Boot MentOS with qemu:
+
+```bash
 make qemu
 ```
 
 To login, use one of the usernames listed in `files/etc/passwd`.
 
-## 4. Change the scheduling algorithm
+*[Back to the Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)*
 
-MentOS provides three different scheduling algorithms:
+## Running MentOS from GRUB
 
- - Round-Robin
- - Priority
- - Completely Fair Scheduling
+For booting MentOS from GRUB in QEMU we need the following tools:
 
-If you want to change the scheduling algorithm:
+ - xorriso
+ - grub-mkrescue (from grub-common)
+
+We also need `grub-pc-bin`, otherwise GRUB won't start in QEMU.
+
+Which can be installed in Ubuntu with the following command:
+```bash
+sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
+sudo apt-get install -y grub-common grub-pc-bin xorriso
+```
+
+Boot MentOS with qemu through GRUB by calling:
 
 ```bash
+make qemu-grub
+```
 
+*[Back to the Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)*
+
+## Running and adding new programs to MentOS
+
+This section explains how to add a new program to MentOS, and also how to run programs in mentos. It also explains how to add new tests, which are located in the `programs/tests` folder.
+
+### Create a new program
+
+Head to the `programs` (or the `programs/tests`) folder. Create and open a new program, for instance a file called `hello_world.c`, with your preferred editor, and add this content to the file:
+```C
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    printf("Hello, World!\n\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### Add the new program to the list of compiled sources
+Now we can add the program to the list of files which are compiled and placed inside MentOS filesystem.
+The following procedure is the same for both `programs` and `programs/tests`, what changes is which `CMakeLists.txt` file we modify.
+
+You need to modify the `CMakeLists.txt` file, either `programs/CMakeLists.txt` or `programs/tests/CMakeLists.txt`, and add your program to the list of files to be compiled:
+```Makefile
+# Add the executables (manually).
+set(PROGRAMS
+    init.c
+    ...
+    hello_world.c
+)
+```
+or
+```Makefile
+# Add the executables (manually).
+set(TESTS
+    t_mem.c
+    ...
+    hello_world.c
+)
+```
+
+That's it, the `hello_world.c` file will be compiled and will appear inside the `/bin` or `/bin/tests` folder of MentOS.
+
+### Running a program or a test
+Once you login into MentOS, if you placed your source code in `programs`, you can execute the program by simply typing:
+```bash
+hello_world
+```
+because the file resides in `/bin`, and that folder is listed in the `PATH` environment variable.
+
+Now, if you placed your source code inside the `programs/tests` folder, the executable will end up inside the `/bin/tests` folder.
+However, the `/bin/tests` folder is not listed in `PATH`, so, if you want to execute a test from that folder you need to specify the full path:
+```bash
+/bin/tests/hello_world
+```
+
+*[Back to the Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)*
+
+## Kernel logging
+The kernel provides ways of printing logging messages *from* inside the kernel code *to* the bash where you executed the `make qemu`.
+
+These *logging* functions are:
+```C
+#define pr_emerg(...)
+#define pr_alert(...)
+#define pr_crit(...)
+#define pr_err(...)
+#define pr_warning(...)
+#define pr_notice(...)
+#define pr_info(...)
+#define pr_debug(...)
+#define pr_default(...)
+```
+
+You use them like you would use a `printf`:
+```C
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        pr_err("Failed to open file '%s', received file descriptor %d.\n", filename, fd);
+        return 1;
+    }
+```
+
+By default only message that goes from `pr_notice` included down to `pr_emerg` are displayed.
+
+Each logging function (they are actually macros) is a wrapper that automatically sets the desired **log level**. Each log level is identified by a number, and declared as follows:
+```C
+#define LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT (-1) ///< default-level messages.
+#define LOGLEVEL_EMERG   0    ///< system is unusable.
+#define LOGLEVEL_ALERT   1    ///< action must be taken immediately.
+#define LOGLEVEL_CRIT    2    ///< critical conditions.
+#define LOGLEVEL_ERR     3    ///< error conditions.
+#define LOGLEVEL_WARNING 4    ///< warning conditions.
+#define LOGLEVEL_NOTICE  5    ///< normal but significant condition.
+#define LOGLEVEL_INFO    6    ///< informational.
+#define LOGLEVEL_DEBUG   7    ///< debug-level messages.
+```
+
+You can change the logging level by including the following lines at the beginning of your source code:
+```C
+// Include the kernel log levels.
+#include "sys/kernel_levels.h"
+/// Change the header.
+#define __DEBUG_HEADER__ "[ATA   ]"
+/// Set the log level.
+#define __DEBUG_LEVEL__ LOGLEVEL_INFO
+// Include the debuggin header.
+#include "io/debug.h"
+```
+This example sets the `__DEBUG_LEVEL__`, so that all the messages from `INFO` and below are shown. While `__DEBUG_HEADER__` is just a string that is automatically prepended to your message, helping you identifying from which code the message is coming from.
+
+*[Back to the Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)*
+
+## Change the scheduling algorithm
+
+MentOS supports scheduling algorithms for aperiodic:
+
+ - Round-Robin (RR)
+ - Highest Priority
+ - Completely Fair Scheduling (CFS)
+ - Aperiodic Earliest Deadline First (AEDF)
+
+It also supports periodic algorithms:
+
+ - Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
+ - Rate Monotonic (RM)
+
+If you want to change the scheduling algorithm, to Round-Robin (RR) for instance:
+
+```bash
 cd build
-
-# Round Robin scheduling algorithm
 cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_RR ..
-# Priority scheduling algorithm
-cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_PRIORITY ..
-# Completely Fair Scheduling algorithm
-cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_CFS ..
-
 make
 make qemu
 ```
 
+or you can activate one of the others:
+
+```bash
+# Highest Priority
+cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_PRIORITY ..
+# Completely Fair Scheduling (CFS)
+cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_CFS      ..
+# Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
+cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_EDF      ..
+# Rate Monotonic (RM)
+cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_RM       ..
+# Aperiodic Earliest Deadline First (AEDF)
+cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_AEDF     ..
+```
+
 Otherwise you can use `ccmake`:
 
 ```bash
@@ -142,8 +367,7 @@ ENABLE_BUDDY_SYSTEM              OFF
 SCHEDULER_TYPE                   SCHEDULER_RR
 ```
 
-Select SCHEDULER_TYPE, and type Enter to scroll the three available algorithms
-(SCHEDULER_RR, SCHEDULER_PRIORITY, SCHEDULER_CFS). Afterwards,
+Select SCHEDULER_TYPE, and type Enter to scroll the three available algorithms (SCHEDULER_RR, SCHEDULER_PRIORITY, SCHEDULER_CFS, SCHEDULER_EDF, SCHEDULER_RM, SCHEDULER_AEDF). Afterwards, you need to
 
 ```bash
 <press c>
@@ -152,29 +376,75 @@ make
 make qemu
 ```
 
-## 5. Use Debugger
+*[Back to the Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)*
 
-If you want to use GDB to debug MentOS:
+## Debugging the kernel
+
+If you want to use GDB to debug MentOS, first you need to compile everything:
 
 ```bash
 cd build
 cmake ..
 make
+```
+
+Then, you need to generate a file called `.gdbinit` placed inside the `build` directory, which will tell **gdb** which *object* file he needs to read in order to allow proper debugging. Basically, it provides for each binary file, the location of their `.text` section. To generate the file, just execute:
+```bash
+make gdbinit
+```
+
+Finally, you run qemu in debugging mode with:
+```bash
 make qemu-gdb
 ```
 
-If you did everything correctly, you should have 3 windows with:
+If you did everything correctly, you should see an empty QEMU window. Basically, QEMU is waiting for you to connect *remotely* with gdb. Anyway, running `make qemu-gdb` will make your current shell busy, you cannot call `gdb` in it. You need to open a new shell inside the `build` folder and do a:
+```bash
+gdb --quiet --command=gdb.run
+```
+or
+```bash
+cgdb --quiet --command=gdb.run
+```
 
-1. Kernel Booting on qemu
-2. Shell with video printing of statistics previously discussed
-3. Debugger cgdb with code screening
+Now you should have in front of you:
+ 1. the QEMU window waiting for you;
+ 2. the **first** shell where you ran `make qemu-gdb`, which is also waiting for you;
+ 3. the **second** shell where `gdb` is runnign and, you guessed it, is waiting for you.
 
-## Developers
+By default I placed a breakpoint at the begginning of (1) the *bootloader* and (2) the *kernel* itself.
 
-Main Developers:
+So, when gdb starts you need to first give a continue:
+```bash
+(gdb) continue
+```
+
+This will make the kernel run, and stop at the **first** breakpoint which is inside the *bootloader*:
+```bash
+Breakpoint 1, boot_main (...) at .../mentos/src/boot.c:220
+220     {
+```
+
+giving a second `continue` will get you to the start of the operating system:
+
+This will make the kernel run, and stop at the **second** breakpoint which is inside the *kernel*:
+```bash
+Breakpoint 2, kmain (...) at .../mentos/src/kernel.c:95
+95      {
+```
+
+There is also a launch configuration for vscode in `.vscode/launch.json`, called `(gdb) Attach`, which should allow you
+to connect to the running process.
+
+*[Back to the Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)*
+
+## Contributors
+
+Project Manager:
 
 * [Enrico Fraccaroli](https://github.com/Galfurian)
-    - Mr. Wolf
+
+Developers:
 * [Alessandro Danese](https://github.com/alessandroDanese88), [Luigi Capogrosso](https://github.com/luigicapogrosso), [Mirco De Marchi](https://github.com/mircodemarchi)
     - Protection ring
     - libc
@@ -190,3 +460,9 @@ Main Developers:
     - Soft IRQs
     - Timer
     - Signals
+* And many other valuable contributors
+  * [rouseabout](https://github.com/rouseabout)
+  * [seekbytes](https://github.com/seekbytes)
+  * [fischerling](https://github.com/fischerling)
+
+*[Back to the Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)*

TODO.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-# TODOs

doc/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,36 +2,298 @@
 find_package(Doxygen)
 
 if (DOXYGEN_FOUND)
-    set(DOXYGEN_OUTPUT_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/doc_doxygen)
-    set(DOXYGEN_INDEX_FILE ${DOXYGEN_OUTPUT_DIR}/html/index.html)
+    # Read the file with the version.
+    file(READ ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/version.h version_file)
+    # Extract the OS version.
+    string(REGEX MATCH "OS_MAJOR_VERSION ([0-9]*)" _ ${version_file})
+    set(OS_MAJOR_VERSION ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
+    string(REGEX MATCH "OS_MINOR_VERSION ([0-9]*)" _ ${version_file})
+    set(OS_MINOR_VERSION ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
+    string(REGEX MATCH "OS_MICRO_VERSION ([0-9]*)" _ ${version_file})
+    set(OS_MICRO_VERSION ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
+    # Setup the Doxygen documentation.
+    set(DOXYGEN_PROJECT_NAME "MentOS")
+    set(DOXYGEN_PROJECT_NUMBER "${OS_MAJOR_VERSION}.${OS_MINOR_VERSION}.${OS_MICRO_VERSION}")
+    set(DOXYGEN_PROJECT_BRIEF "The Mentoring Operating System")
+    set(DOXYGEN_USE_MDFILE_AS_MAINPAGE ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/README.md)
+    set(DOXYGEN_IMAGE_PATH ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/doc/resources)
+    set(DOXYGEN_SHOW_INCLUDE_FILES NO)
+    set(DOXYGEN_GENERATE_TREEVIEW NO)
+    set(DOXYGEN_WARN_NO_PARAMDOC YES)
 
-    # Replace variables inside @@ with the current values.
-    set(DOXYFILE_IN  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Doxygen)
-    set(DOXYFILE_OUT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Doxygen)
-    configure_file(${DOXYFILE_IN} ${DOXYFILE_OUT} @ONLY)
+    set(DOXYGEN_ENABLE_PREPROCESSING YES)
+    set(DOXYGEN_EXTRACT_STATIC YES)
+    set(DOXYGEN_MACRO_EXPANSION YES)
+    set(DOXYGEN_EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF YES)
+    set(DOXYGEN_PREDEFINED "__attribute__((x))= _syscall0= _syscall0(x)= _syscall1(x)= _syscall2(x)= _syscall3(x)=")
 
-    # Copy the files needd by the documentation.
-    set(DOXYFILE_CSS    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/doxygen.css)
-    set(DOXYFILE_HEADER ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/header.html)
-    set(DOXYFILE_FOOTER ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/footer.html)
+    set(DOXYGEN_WARN_FORMAT "$file($line): $text")
+    set(DOXYGEN_HTML_STYLESHEET ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/doc/doxygen.css)
+    doxygen_add_docs(
+        mentos_documentation
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/README.md
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/LICENSE.md
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/doc/signal.md
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/doc/syscall.md
+        
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/boot.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/descriptor_tables/gdt.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/descriptor_tables/idt.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/descriptor_tables/isr.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/descriptor_tables/tss.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/devices/fpu.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/devices/pci.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/ata/ata.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/ata/ata_types.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/fdc.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/keyboard/keyboard.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/keyboard/keymap.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/mouse.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/ps2.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/rtc.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/elf/elf.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/fs/ext2.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/fs/ioctl.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/fs/procfs.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/fs/vfs.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/fs/vfs_types.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/hardware/cpuid.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/hardware/pic8259.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/hardware/timer.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/proc_modules.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/vga/vga.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/vga/vga_font.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/vga/vga_mode.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/vga/vga_palette.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/video.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/kernel.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/compiler.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/hashmap.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/irqflags.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/list.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/list_head.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/mutex.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/ndtree.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/rbtree.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/spinlock.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/stack_helper.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/stdatomic.h
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+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/mem/gfp.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/mem/kheap.h
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+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/mem/slab.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/mem/vmem_map.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/mem/zone_allocator.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/multiboot.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/process/prio.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/process/process.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/process/scheduler.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/process/wait.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/proc_access.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/errno.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/ipc.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/module.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/reboot.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/types.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/utsname.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/system/panic.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/system/printk.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/system/signal.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/system/syscall.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/version.h
 
-    # Doxygen won't create this for us.
-    file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${DOXYGEN_OUTPUT_DIR})
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/boot.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/exception.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/gdt.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/idt.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/interrupt.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/tss.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/devices/fpu.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/devices/pci.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/ata.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/fdc.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/keyboard/keyboard.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/keyboard/keymap.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/mouse.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/ps2.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/rtc.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/elf/elf.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/ext2.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/ioctl.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/namei.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/open.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/procfs.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/readdir.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/read_write.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/stat.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/vfs.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/hardware/cpuid.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/hardware/pic8259.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/hardware/timer.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/debug.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/mm_io.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/proc_running.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/proc_system.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/proc_video.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/stdio.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/vga/vga.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/video.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/ipc/msg.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/ipc/sem.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/ipc/shm.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/kernel/sys.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/kernel.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/assert.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/ctype.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/fcvt.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/hashmap.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/libgen.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/list.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/math.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/mutex.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/ndtree.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/rbtree.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/spinlock.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/strerror.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/string.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/time.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/vscanf.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/vsprintf.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/mem/buddysystem.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/mem/kheap.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/mem/paging.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/mem/slab.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/mem/vmem_map.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/mem/zone_allocator.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/multiboot.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/process/process.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/process/scheduler.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/process/scheduler_algorithm.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/process/wait.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/sys/module.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/sys/utsname.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/system/errno.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/system/panic.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/system/printk.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/system/signal.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/system/syscall.c
 
-    add_custom_command(
-            OUTPUT ${DOXYGEN_INDEX_FILE}
-            COMMAND ${DOXYGEN_EXECUTABLE} ${DOXYFILE_OUT}
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/boot.S
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/exception.S
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/gdt.S
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/idt.S
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/interrupt.S
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/tss.S
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/process/user.S
 
-            MAIN_DEPENDENCY ${DOXYFILE_OUT} ${DOXYFILE_IN}
-            COMMENT "Generating docs"
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/array.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/assert.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/bits/ioctls.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/bits/stat.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/bits/termios-struct.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/ctype.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/fcntl.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/fcvt.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/grp.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/io/ansi_colors.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/io/debug.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/io/mm_io.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/io/port_io.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/ipc/ipc.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/ipc/msg.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/ipc/sem.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/ipc/shm.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/libgen.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/limits.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/math.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/pwd.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/ring_buffer.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sched.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/signal.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/stdarg.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/stdbool.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/stddef.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/stdint.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/stdio.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/stdlib.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/strerror.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/string.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/bitops.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/dirent.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/errno.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/ioctl.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/kernel_levels.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/reboot.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/stat.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/types.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/unistd.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/utsname.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/wait.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/system/syscall_types.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/termios.h
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/time.h
+
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/abort.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/assert.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/ctype.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/fcvt.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/grp.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/io/debug.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/io/mm_io.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/ipc/ipc.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/libc_start.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/libgen.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/math.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/pwd.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sched.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/setenv.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/stdio.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/stdlib.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/strerror.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/string.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/errno.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/ioctl.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/unistd.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/utsname.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/termios.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/time.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/chdir.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/close.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/creat.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/exec.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/exit.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/fork.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getcwd.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getdents.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getgid.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getpgid.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getpid.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getppid.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getsid.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getuid.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/interval.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/kill.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/lseek.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/mkdir.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/nice.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/open.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/read.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/reboot.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/rmdir.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/setgid.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/setpgid.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/setsid.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/setuid.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/signal.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/stat.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/unlink.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/waitpid.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/write.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/vscanf.c
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/vsprintf.c
+
+        ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/crt0.S
     )
-    add_custom_target(
-            Doxygen
-            DEPENDS
-            ${DOXYGEN_INDEX_FILE}
-            ${DOXYFILE_IN}
-            ${DOXYFILE_CSS}
-            ${DOXYFILE_HEADER}
-            ${DOXYFILE_FOOTER}
-    )
-endif (DOXYGEN_FOUND)
+endif (DOXYGEN_FOUND)

doc/footer.html

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-<!-- HTML footer for doxygen 1.8.16-->
-<!-- start footer part -->
-<!--BEGIN GENERATE_TREEVIEW-->
-<div id="nav-path" class="navpath"><!-- id is needed for treeview function! -->
-    <ul>
-        $navpath
-        <li class="footer">$generatedby
-            <a href="http://www.doxygen.org/index.html">
-                <img class="footer" src="$relpath^doxygen.png" alt="doxygen"/>
-            </a> $doxygenversion
-        </li>
-    </ul>
-</div>
-<!--END GENERATE_TREEVIEW-->
-<!--BEGIN !GENERATE_TREEVIEW-->
-<div class="footer">
-    <hr class="footer"/>
-    <ul class="footer-info">
-        <li class="footer-info-lastmode">
-            This page was last modified on $datetime.
-        </li>
-        <li class="footer-info-copyright">
-            MentOs © 2014–2021 the MentOs team, and numerous contributors.<br>
-            It is available for use and modification under the&#160;
-            <a href="$relpath^md_LICENSE.html">MIT License</a>.<br>
-        </li>
-    </ul>
-    <hr class="footer"/>
-    <address class="footer">
-        $generatedby&#160;
-        <a href="http://www.doxygen.org/index.html">
-            <img class="footer" src="$relpath^doxygen.png" alt="doxygen"/>
-        </a> $doxygenversion
-    </address>
-</div>
-<!--END !GENERATE_TREEVIEW-->
-</body>
-</html>

doc/header.html

@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-<!-- HTML header for doxygen 1.8.17-->
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
-        "https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
-<head>
-    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/xhtml;charset=UTF-8"/>
-    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=9"/>
-    <meta name="generator" content="Doxygen $doxygenversion"/>
-    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>
-    <!--BEGIN PROJECT_NAME--><title>$projectname: $title</title>
-    <!--END PROJECT_NAME-->
-    <!--BEGIN !PROJECT_NAME--><title>$title</title><!--END !PROJECT_NAME-->
-    <link href="$relpath^tabs.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
-    <script type="text/javascript" src="$relpath^jquery.js"></script>
-    <script type="text/javascript" src="$relpath^dynsections.js"></script>
-    $treeview
-    $search
-    $mathjax
-    <link href="$relpath^$stylesheet" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
-    $extrastylesheet
-</head>
-<body>
-<div id="top"><!-- do not remove this div, it is closed by doxygen! -->
-
-    <!--BEGIN TITLEAREA-->
-    <div id="titlearea">
-        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-            <tbody>
-            <tr style="height: 56px;">
-                <!--BEGIN PROJECT_LOGO-->
-                <td id="projectlogo"><img alt="Logo"
-                                          src="$relpath^$projectlogo"/></td>
-                <!--END PROJECT_LOGO-->
-                <!--BEGIN PROJECT_NAME-->
-                <td id="projectalign" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">
-                    <div id="projectname">$projectname
-                        <!--BEGIN PROJECT_NUMBER-->&#160;<span
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-                        <!--END PROJECT_NUMBER-->
-                    </div>
-                    <!--BEGIN PROJECT_BRIEF-->
-                    <div id="projectbrief">$projectbrief</div>
-                    <!--END PROJECT_BRIEF-->
-                </td>
-                <!--END PROJECT_NAME-->
-                <!--BEGIN !PROJECT_NAME-->
-                <!--BEGIN PROJECT_BRIEF-->
-                <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">
-                    <div id="projectbrief">$projectbrief</div>
-                </td>
-                <!--END PROJECT_BRIEF-->
-                <!--END !PROJECT_NAME-->
-                <!--BEGIN DISABLE_INDEX-->
-                <!--BEGIN SEARCHENGINE-->
-                <td>$searchbox</td>
-                <!--END SEARCHENGINE-->
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-            </tbody>
-        </table>
-    </div>
-    <!--END TITLEAREA-->
-    <!-- end header part -->

doc/scan_codes_it.md

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+
+#define KEY_LEFT_WIN      0xE05b
+#define KEY_RIGHT_WIN     0xE05c
+
+                        Normal  Shifted Ctrl    Alt
+KEY_A               0x001E  A           0x1E61  0x1E41  0x1E01  0x1E00  
+KEY_B               0x0030  B           0x3062  0x3042  0x3002  0x3000  
+KEY_C               0x002E  C           0x2E63  0x2E42  0x2E03  0x2E00  
+KEY_D               0x0020  D           0x2064  0x2044  0x2004  0x2000  
+KEY_E               0x0012  E           0x1265  0x1245  0x1205  0x1200  
+KEY_F               0x0021  F           0x2166  0x2146  0x2106  0x2100  
+KEY_G               0x0022  G           0x2267  0x2247  0x2207  0x2200  
+KEY_H               0x0023  H           0x2368  0x2348  0x2308  0x2300  
+KEY_I               0x0017  I           0x1769  0x1749  0x1709  0x1700  
+KEY_J               0x0024  J           0x246A  0x244A  0x240A  0x2400  
+KEY_K               0x0025  K           0x256B  0x254B  0x250B  0x2500  
+KEY_L               0x0026  L           0x266C  0x264C  0x260C  0x2600  
+KEY_M               0x0032  M           0x326D  0x324D  0x320D  0x3200  
+KEY_N               0x0031  N           0x316E  0x314E  0x310E  0x3100  
+KEY_O               0x0018  O           0x186F  0x184F  0x180F  0x1800  
+KEY_P               0x0019  P           0x1970  0x1950  0x1910  0x1900  
+KEY_Q               0x0010  Q           0x1071  0x1051  0x1011  0x1000  
+KEY_R               0x0013  R           0x1372  0x1352  0x1312  0x1300  
+KEY_S               0x001F  S           0x1F73  0x1F53  0x1F13  0x1F00  
+KEY_T               0x0014  T           0x1474  0x1454  0x1414  0x1400  
+KEY_U               0x0016  U           0x1675  0x1655  0x1615  0x1600  
+KEY_V               0x002F  V           0x2F76  0x2F56  0x2F16  0x2F00  
+KEY_W               0x0011  W           0x1177  0x1157  0x1117  0x1100  
+KEY_X               0x002D  X           0x2D78  0x2D58  0x2D18  0x2D00  
+KEY_Y               0x0015  Y           0x1579  0x1559  0x1519  0x1500  
+KEY_Z               0x002C  Z           0x2C7A  0x2C5A  0x2C1A  0x2C00
+
+KEY_1               0x0002  1 !         0x0231  0x0221  0x0000  0x7800
+KEY_2               0x0003  2 "         0x0332  0x0322  0x0300  0x7900
+KEY_3               0x0004  3 £         0x0433  0x049C  0x0000  0x7A00
+KEY_4               0x0005  4 $         0x0534  0x0524  0x0000  0x7B00
+KEY_5               0x0006  5 %         0x0635  0x0625  0x0000  0x7C00
+KEY_6               0x0007  6 &         0x0736  0x075E  0x071E  0x7D00
+KEY_7               0x0008  7 /         0x0837  0x0826  0x0000  0x7E00
+KEY_8               0x0009  8 (         0x0938  0x0928  0x0000  0x7F00
+KEY_9               0x000A  9 )         0x0A39  0x0A29  0x0000  0x8000
+KEY_0               0x000B  0 =         0x0B30  0x0B3D  0x0000  0x8100
+
+KEY_GRAVE           0x0029  \ |         0x295C  0x297C  0x0000  0x2900
+KEY_APOSTROPHE      0x000C  ' ?         0x0C27  0x0C3F  0x0000  0x8200
+KEY_I_ACC           0x000D  ì ^         0x0D8D  0x0D5E  0x0000  0x8300
+KEY_LEFT_BRAKET     0x001A  è é [       0x1A8A  0x1A82  0x0000  0x1A5B
+KEY_RIGHT_BRAKET    0x001B  + * ]       0x1B2B  0x1B2A  0x0000  0x1B5D
+KEY_SEMICOLON       0x0027  ò ç @       0x2795  0x2780  0x0000  0x2740
+KEY_DOUBLE_QUOTES   0x0028  à ° #       0x2885  0x28A7  0x0000  0x2823
+KEY_BACKSLASH       0x002B  ù §         0x2B97  0x2BA7  0x0000  0x2B00
+KEY_KP_LESS         0x0056  < >         0x563C  0x563E  0x0000  0x5600
+KEY_COMMA           0x0033  , ;         0x332C  0x333B  0x0000  0x3300
+KEY_PERIOD          0x0034  . :         0x342E  0x343A  0x0000  0x3400
+KEY_MINUS           0x0035  - _         0x352D  0x355F  0x0000  0x3500
+
+KEY_F1              0x003B  F1          0x3B00  0x5400  0x5E00  0x6800
+KEY_F2              0x003C  F2          0x3C00  0x5500  0x5F00  0x6900
+KEY_F3              0x003D  F3          0x3D00  0x5600  0x6000  0x6A00
+KEY_F4              0x003E  F4          0x3E00  0x5700  0x6100  0x6B00
+KEY_F5              0x003F  F5          0x3F00  0x5800  0x6200  0x6C00
+KEY_F6              0x0040  F6          0x4000  0x5900  0x6300  0x6D00
+KEY_F7              0x0041  F7          0x4100  0x5A00  0x6400  0x6E00
+KEY_F8              0x0042  F8          0x4200  0x5B00  0x6500  0x6F00
+KEY_F9              0x0043  F9          0x4300  0x5C00  0x6600  0x7000
+KEY_F10             0x0044  F10         0x4400  0x5D00  0x6700  0x7100
+KEY_F11             0x0057  F11         0x5700  0x5900  0x5B00  0x5D00
+KEY_F12             0x0058  F12         0x5800  0x5A00  0x5C00  0x5E00
+
+KEY_BACKSPACE       0x000E  BackSpace   0x0E08  0x0E08  0x0E7F  0x0E00
+KEY_ENTER           0x001C  Enter       0x1C0D  0x1C0D  0x1C0A  0xA600
+KEY_ESCAPE          0x0001  Esc         0x011B  0x011B  0x011B  0x0100
+KEY_TAB             0x000F  Tab         0x0F09  0x0F00  0x9400  0xA500
+KEY_SPACE           0x0039  SpaceBar    0x3920  0x3920  0x3920  0x3920
+
+KEY_INSERT          0xE052  Ins         0x5200  0x5230  0x9200  0xA200
+KEY_HOME            0xE047  Home        0x4700  0x4737  0x7700  0x9700
+KEY_PAGE_UP         0xE049  PgUp        0x4900  0x4939  0x8400  0x9900
+KEY_DELETE          0xE053  Del         0x5300  0x532E  0x9300  0xA300
+KEY_END             0xE04F  End         0x4F00  0x4F31  0x7500  0x9F00
+KEY_PAGE_DOWN       0xE051  PgDn        0x5100  0x5133  0x7600  0xA100
+
+KEY_UP_ARROW        0xE048  Up Arrow    0x4800  0x4838  0x8D00  0x9800
+KEY_DOWN_ARROW      0xE050  Down Arrow  0x5000  0x5032  0x9100  0xA000
+KEY_LEFT_ARROW      0xE04B  Left Arrow  0x4B00  0x4B34  0x7300  0x9B00
+KEY_RIGHT_ARROW     0xE04D  Right Arrow 0x4D00  0x4D36  0x7400  0x9D00
+
+KEY_KP_DIV          0xE035  Kp.Div      0xE035  0xE035  0x3500  0x3500
+KEY_KP_MUL          0x0037  Kp.Mul      0x372A  0x372A  0x3700  0x3700
+KEY_KP_SUB          0x004A  Kp.Sub      0x4A2D  0x4A2D  0x4A00  0x4A00
+KEY_KP_ADD          0x004E  Kp.Add      0x4E2B  0x4E2B  0x4E00  0x4E00
+KEY_KP_RETURN       0xE01C  Kp.Enter    0xE01C  0xE01C  0x1C00  0x1C00
+
+KEY_KP7             0x0047              0x4737  0x4737  0x4700  0x4700
+KEY_KP8             0x0048              0x4838  0x4838  0x4800  0x4800
+KEY_KP9             0x0049              0x4939  0x4939  0x4900  0x4900
+KEY_KP4             0x004B              0x4B34  0x4B34  0x4B00  0x4B00
+KEY_KP5             0x004C              0x4C35  0x4C35  0x4C00  0x4C00
+KEY_KP6             0x004D              0x4D36  0x4D36  0x4D00  0x4D00
+KEY_KP1             0x004F              0x4F31  0x4F31  0x4F00  0x4F00
+KEY_KP2             0x0050              0x5032  0x5032  0x5000  0x5000
+KEY_KP3             0x0051              0x5133  0x5133  0x5100  0x5100
+KEY_KP0             0x0052              0x5230  0x5230  0x5200  0x5200
+
+KEY_KP_DEC          0x0053              0x532E  0x532E  0x5300  0x5300

doc/syscall.md

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ specifically:
 
 1. Implemented
 2. Tested
+X. Obsolete
 
 If the column is empty it means that it's not implemented yet.
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ If the column is empty it means that it's not implemented yet.
  2 | 5   | sys_open                   | fs/open.c                   | const char *             | int                          | int                     | -               | -                |
  2 | 6   | sys_close                  | fs/open.c                   | int                      | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
  2 | 7   | sys_waitpid                | kernel/exit.c               | pid_t                    | unsigned int *               | int                     | -               | -                |
-   | 8   | sys_creat                  | fs/open.c                   | const char *             | int                          | -                       | -               | -                |
+ 2 | 8   | sys_creat                  | fs/open.c                   | const char *             | int                          | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 9   | sys_link                   | fs/namei.c                  | const char *             | const char *                 | -                       | -               | -                |
  2 | 10  | sys_unlink                 | fs/namei.c                  | const char *             | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
  2 | 11  | sys_execve                 | arch/i386/kernel/process.c  | struct pt_regs           | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
@@ -36,11 +37,11 @@ If the column is empty it means that it's not implemented yet.
  2 | 20  | sys_getpid                 | kernel/sched.c              | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 21  | sys_mount                  | fs/super.c                  | char *                   | char *                       | char *                  | -               | -                |
    | 22  | sys_oldumount              | fs/super.c                  | char *                   | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
-   | 23  | sys_setuid                 | kernel/sys.c                | uid_t                    | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
-   | 24  | sys_getuid                 | kernel/sched.c              | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
+ 2 | 23  | sys_setuid                 | kernel/sys.c                | uid_t                    | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
+ 2 | 24  | sys_getuid                 | kernel/sched.c              | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 25  | sys_stime                  | kernel/time.c               | int *                    | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 26  | sys_ptrace                 | arch/i386/kernel/ptrace.c   | long                     | long                         | long                    | long            | -                |
-   | 27  | sys_alarm                  | kernel/sched.c              | unsigned int             | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
+ 2 | 27  | sys_alarm                  | kernel/sched.c              | unsigned int             | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
  2 | 28  | sys_fstat                  | fs/stat.c                   | unsigned int             | struct __old_kernel_stat *   | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 29  | sys_pause                  | arch/i386/kernel/sys_i386.c | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 30  | sys_utime                  | fs/open.c                   | char *                   | struct utimbuf *             | -                       | -               | -                |
@@ -55,8 +56,8 @@ If the column is empty it means that it's not implemented yet.
    | 42  | sys_pipe                   | arch/i386/kernel/sys_i386.c | unsigned long *          | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 43  | sys_times                  | kernel/sys.c                | struct tms *             | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
  2 | 45  | sys_brk                    | mm/mmap.c                   | unsigned long            | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
-   | 46  | sys_setgid                 | kernel/sys.c                | gid_t                    | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
-   | 47  | sys_getgid                 | kernel/sched.c              | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
+ 2 | 46  | sys_setgid                 | kernel/sys.c                | gid_t                    | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
+ 2 | 47  | sys_getgid                 | kernel/sched.c              | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
  1 | 48  | sys_signal                 | kernel/signal.c             | int                      | __sighandler_t               | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 49  | sys_geteuid                | kernel/sched.c              | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 50  | sys_getegid                | kernel/sched.c              | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ If the column is empty it means that it's not implemented yet.
    | 52  | sys_umount                 | fs/super.c                  | char *                   | int                          | -                       | -               | -                |
  1 | 54  | sys_ioctl                  | fs/ioctl.c                  | unsigned int             | unsigned int                 | unsigned long           | -               | -                |
    | 55  | sys_fcntl                  | fs/fcntl.c                  | unsigned int             | unsigned int                 | unsigned long           | -               | -                |
-   | 57  | sys_setpgid                | kernel/sys.c                | pid_t                    | pid_t                        | -                       | -               | -                |
+ 2 | 57  | sys_setpgid                | kernel/sys.c                | pid_t                    | pid_t                        | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 59  | sys_olduname               | arch/i386/kernel/sys_i386.c | struct oldold_utsname *  | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 60  | sys_umask                  | kernel/sys.c                | int                      | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 61  | sys_chroot                 | fs/open.c                   | const char *             | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
@@ -72,10 +73,10 @@ If the column is empty it means that it's not implemented yet.
    | 63  | sys_dup2                   | fs/fcntl.c                  | unsigned int             | unsigned int                 | -                       | -               | -                |
  2 | 64  | sys_getppid                | kernel/sched.c              | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 65  | sys_getpgrp                | kernel/sys.c                | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
-   | 66  | sys_setsid                 | kernel/sys.c                | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
+ 2 | 66  | sys_setsid                 | kernel/sys.c                | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
  1 | 67  | sys_sigaction              | arch/i386/kernel/signal.c   | int                      | const struct old_sigaction * | struct old_sigaction *  | -               | -                |
-   | 68  | sys_sgetmask               | kernel/signal.c             | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
-   | 69  | sys_ssetmask               | kernel/signal.c             | int                      | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
+ X | 68  | sys_sgetmask               | kernel/signal.c             | -                        | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
+ X | 69  | sys_ssetmask               | kernel/signal.c             | int                      | -                            | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 70  | sys_setreuid               | kernel/sys.c                | uid_t                    | uid_t                        | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 71  | sys_setregid               | kernel/sys.c                | gid_t                    | gid_t                        | -                       | -               | -                |
    | 72  | sys_sigsuspend             | arch/i386/kernel/signal.c   | int                      | int                          | old_sigset_t            | -               | -                |

files/README

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-MentOS 0.1
+MentOS 0.6.0
 
 Welcome to the MentOS, the Mentoring Operating System.
 
-If you want some help enter the "help" command into the cli.
+If you want some help enter the "man" command into the cli.
 
 Bye,
 The Ment(OS) Team
-

files/etc/motd

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Call `man` to have a list of all the commands.

files/etc/passwd

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-root:root:0:0:Root User:/:/bin/shell
-user:user:1000:1000:Normal User:/home/user:/bin/shell
+root:root:0:0:Root User:/root:/bin/shell
+user:user:1000:1000:Normal User:/home/user:/bin/shell

files/home/test6.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-io ti vi bi!

files/home/user/README

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../README

files/home/user/test7.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-tanto questa e' solo una prova :\

files/test1.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-ciao mondo

files/test2.txt

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-come va ?
-AAA
-

files/test3.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-bho, io credo bene eh eh eh

files/test4.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-tanto questa e' solo una prova :\

files/test5.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-io ti vi bi!

files/usr/share/man/cat.man

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+    cat [FILE]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Prints the content of the given file.
+
+OPTIONS
+    -h --help : shows command help.

files/usr/share/man/clear.man

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+    clear
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Clears the screen.

files/usr/share/man/cpuid.man

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+    cpuid
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Not currently implemented.

files/usr/share/man/date.man

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+    date
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Shows the current date.

files/usr/share/man/echo.man

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+    echo [STRING]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Displays a line of text.
+    

files/usr/share/man/ipcs.man

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+	ipcs [options]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+	Ipcs shows information on System V inter-process communication facilities.

files/usr/share/man/ls.man

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+    ls [OPTIONS] [FILE/FOLDER]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    List information about the given file, or the files contained in the given
+    folder. If not argument is provided it will list information about files
+    inside the current folder.
+    
+OPTIONS
+    -h --help : shows command help.
+    -a --all  : list all entries.
+    -l --long : show the entries as a detailed long list.

files/usr/share/man/start.man

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+    start [OPTIONS] [FILE]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Start a recording session aimed at displaying an ordered list of 50 items 
+    containing information about the processes that the CPU has just processed.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+    -h: shows command help. //non funziona per ora lol
+    -p: start the session with generated children
+    -f [FILE]: start the session launching a specified program

initscp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Initialize the project.
-project(initfscp C)
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Set the project name.
-set(PROJECT_NAME initfscp)
-
-if (CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
-    set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER gcc)
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER g++)
-    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "")
-endif (CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Set the compiler options (original).
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -g3")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -ggdb")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wall")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -std=gnu99")
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Add the source files.
-set(SOURCE_FILES src/initfscp.c)
-
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Add the executable.
-add_executable(initfscp ${SOURCE_FILES})
-
-

initscp/README.md

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-----
-README
-initfscp - Autore di questa guida: Aleksej
-----
-
-initfscp e' un programma che serve a creare un'immagine contenente il file system utilizzato da MentOS.
-Consente di inserirci dei files e/o dei mountpoint (massimo 32) all'interno. 
-Per far ciò digitare il comando "initfscp [-m mountpoint1 -m mountpoint2 ... -m mountpoint n] file1 file2 ... nomefs" 
-
-dove:
-- -m mountpoint1 -m mountpoint2 ... -m mountpoint n (facoltativo) indicano i mountpoint da inserire nel filesystem appena creato. 
-- "file1 file2 ..." sono i files che inseriremo nel filesystem,
-- "nomefs" è il nome che daremo all'immagine.
-Ad esempio vogliamo inserire i file topolino, pippo e paperino nell'immagine che chiameremo disney, quindi digitiamo:
-  initfscp topolino pippo paperino disney
-così facendo initfscp genererà l'immagine disney.
-
-Altri comandi disponibili:
---help (-h) per visualizzare una guida più sintetica.
---version (-v) per visualizzare la versione utilizzata attualmente di initfscp.

initscp/src/initfscp.c

@@ -1,404 +0,0 @@
-/// @file   initfscp.c
-/// @brief
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <libgen.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-
-#define INITFSCP_VER "0.3.0"
-
-#define INITRD_NAME_MAX    255
-#define INITRD_MAX_FILES   128
-#define INITRD_MAX_FS_SIZE 1048576
-
-#define RESET   "\033[00m"
-#define BLACK   "\033[30m"
-#define RED     "\033[31m"
-#define GREEN   "\033[32m"
-#define YELLOW  "\033[33m"
-#define BLUE    "\033[34m"
-#define MAGENTA "\033[35m"
-#define CYAN    "\033[36m"
-#define WHITE   "\033[37m"
-
-static const char dt_char_array[] = {
-    '?', // DT_UNKNOWN = 0,
-    'p', //DT_FIFO = 1,
-    'c', //DT_CHR  = 2,
-    '*',
-    'd', //DT_DIR  = 4,
-    '*',
-    'b', //DT_BLK  = 6,
-    '*',
-    '-', //DT_REG  = 8,
-    '*',
-    'l', //DT_LNK  = 10,
-    '*',
-    's', //DT_SOCK = 12,
-    '*',
-    '?', //DT_WHT  = 14
-};
-
-/// @brief Information concerning a file.
-typedef struct initrd_file_t {
-    /// Number used as delimiter, it must be set to 0xBF.
-    int magic;
-    /// The inode of the file.
-    unsigned int inode;
-    /// The name of the file.
-    char name[INITRD_NAME_MAX];
-    /// The type of the file.
-    short int file_type;
-    /// The permissions mask.
-    unsigned int mask;
-    /// The id of the owner.
-    unsigned int uid;
-    /// The id of the group.
-    unsigned int gid;
-    /// Time of last access.
-    unsigned int atime;
-    /// Time of last data modification.
-    unsigned int mtime;
-    /// Time of last status change.
-    unsigned int ctime;
-    /// Offset of the starting address.
-    unsigned int offset;
-    /// Dimension of the file.
-    unsigned int length;
-} __attribute__((aligned(16))) initrd_file_t;
-
-/// @brief The details regarding the filesystem.
-/// @brief Contains the number of files inside the initrd filesystem.
-typedef struct initrd_t {
-    /// Number of files.
-    unsigned int nfiles;
-    /// List of headers.
-    initrd_file_t headers[INITRD_MAX_FILES];
-} __attribute__((aligned(16))) initrd_t;
-
-// Prepare a variable to keep track of the offsets inside the FS. By
-//  default skip the initial space for the FS details structure.
-static int fs_offset = sizeof(initrd_t);
-
-static inline void usage(char *prgname)
-{
-    printf("Usage:\n");
-    printf(" %s --help        For this screen\n", prgname);
-    printf(" %s --source [-s] The source directory.\n", prgname);
-    printf(" %s --target [-t] The target file for the initrd.\n", prgname);
-}
-
-static inline void version(char *prgname)
-{
-    printf("%s version: %s\n", prgname, INITFSCP_VER);
-}
-
-static inline int is_option_mount_point(char *arg)
-{
-    return ((strcmp(arg, "-m") == 0) || (strcmp(arg, "--mountpoint") == 0));
-}
-
-static inline int is_option_source(char *arg)
-{
-    return ((strcmp(arg, "-s") == 0) || (strcmp(arg, "--source") == 0));
-}
-
-static inline int is_option_target(char *arg)
-{
-    return ((strcmp(arg, "-t") == 0) || (strcmp(arg, "--target") == 0));
-}
-
-static int open_target_fs(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-    printf("%-64s", "Opening target filesystem...");
-    int fd = -1;
-    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
-        if (is_option_target(argv[i]) && ((i + 1) < argc)) {
-            fd = open(argv[i + 1], O_CREAT | O_RDWR, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (fd == -1)
-        printf("[" RED "FAILED" RESET "]\n\n");
-    else
-        printf("[" GREEN "DONE" RESET "]\n\n");
-    return fd;
-}
-
-static void init_headers(initrd_t *initrd)
-{
-    printf("%-64s", "Initializing headers structures...");
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < INITRD_MAX_FILES; i++) {
-        initrd->headers[i].magic     = 0xBF;
-        initrd->headers[i].inode     = i;
-        initrd->headers[i].file_type = 0;
-        initrd->headers[i].mask      = 0;
-        initrd->headers[i].uid       = 0;
-        initrd->headers[i].gid       = 0;
-        initrd->headers[i].atime     = time(NULL);
-        initrd->headers[i].mtime     = time(NULL);
-        initrd->headers[i].ctime     = time(NULL);
-        initrd->headers[i].offset    = 0;
-        initrd->headers[i].length    = 0;
-
-        memset(initrd->headers[i].name, 0, INITRD_NAME_MAX);
-    }
-    printf("[" GREEN "DONE" RESET "]\n\n");
-}
-
-static int create_file_headers(initrd_t *initrd, char *mountpoint, char *directory)
-{
-    assert(mountpoint && "Received null mountpoint.");
-    assert(directory && "Received null directory.");
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    char directory_path_abs[PATH_MAX], entry_path_abs[PATH_MAX], fs_abs_path[PATH_MAX];
-    memset(directory_path_abs, 0, PATH_MAX);
-    memset(entry_path_abs, 0, PATH_MAX);
-    memset(fs_abs_path, 0, PATH_MAX);
-    strcpy(directory_path_abs, mountpoint);
-    strcat(directory_path_abs, directory);
-
-    int dir_fd = open(directory_path_abs, O_RDONLY);
-    if (dir_fd == -1) {
-        printf("[" RED "FAILED" RESET "]\n");
-        printf("Could not open source directory %s.\n", directory_path_abs);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    char buffer[BUFSIZ], *ebuf;
-    off_t basep;
-    int nbytes;
-    while ((nbytes = getdirentries(dir_fd, buffer, BUFSIZ, &basep)) > 0) {
-        ebuf     = buffer + nbytes;
-        char *cp = buffer;
-        while (cp < ebuf) {
-            struct dirent *entry = (struct dirent *)cp;
-            if ((strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") == 0) || (strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") == 0)) {
-                cp += entry->d_reclen;
-                continue;
-            }
-            // Create the host machine absolute path.
-            strcpy(entry_path_abs, directory_path_abs);
-            strcat(entry_path_abs, "/");
-            strcat(entry_path_abs, entry->d_name);
-            // Create the filesystem absolute path.
-            strcpy(fs_abs_path, directory);
-            strcat(fs_abs_path, "/");
-            strcat(fs_abs_path, entry->d_name);
-            // Print the entry.
-            printf("[%3d] ENTRY: %-52s", initrd->nfiles, fs_abs_path);
-            // Stat the file.
-            struct stat _stat;
-            if (stat(entry_path_abs, &_stat) == -1) {
-                printf("[" RED "FAILED" RESET "]\n");
-                printf("Error while executing stat on file : %s\n", entry_path_abs);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            printf("[%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c%c]",
-                   dt_char_array[entry->d_type],
-                   (_stat.st_mode & S_IRUSR) != 0 ? 'r' : '-',
-                   (_stat.st_mode & S_IWUSR) != 0 ? 'w' : '-',
-                   (_stat.st_mode & S_IXUSR) != 0 ? 'x' : '-',
-                   (_stat.st_mode & S_IRGRP) != 0 ? 'r' : '-',
-                   (_stat.st_mode & S_IWGRP) != 0 ? 'w' : '-',
-                   (_stat.st_mode & S_IXGRP) != 0 ? 'x' : '-',
-                   (_stat.st_mode & S_IROTH) != 0 ? 'r' : '-',
-                   (_stat.st_mode & S_IWOTH) != 0 ? 'w' : '-',
-                   (_stat.st_mode & S_IXOTH) != 0 ? 'x' : '-');
-
-            if (entry->d_type != DT_DIR) {
-                // ----------------------------------------------------------------
-                // Copy the name and the main info.
-                strcpy(initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].name, fs_abs_path);
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].file_type = DT_REG;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].length    = _stat.st_size;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].offset    = fs_offset;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].mask      = _stat.st_mode;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].uid       = _stat.st_uid;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].gid       = _stat.st_gid;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].atime     = _stat.st_atim.tv_sec;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].mtime     = _stat.st_mtim.tv_sec;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].ctime     = _stat.st_ctim.tv_sec;
-
-                // ----------------------------------------------------------------
-                printf("[OFFSET:%6d]", initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].offset);
-                printf("[SIZE:%6d]", initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].length);
-                printf("[" GREEN "DONE" RESET "]\n");
-
-                fs_offset += initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].length;
-                ++initrd->nfiles;
-            } else {
-                // ----------------------------------------------------------------
-                strcpy(initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].name, fs_abs_path);
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].file_type = DT_DIR;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].length    = _stat.st_size;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].offset    = fs_offset;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].mask      = _stat.st_mode;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].uid       = _stat.st_uid;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].gid       = _stat.st_gid;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].atime     = _stat.st_atim.tv_sec;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].mtime     = _stat.st_mtim.tv_sec;
-                initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].ctime     = _stat.st_ctim.tv_sec;
-
-                // ----------------------------------------------------------------
-                printf("[OFFSET:%6d]", initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].offset);
-                printf("[SIZE:%6d]", initrd->headers[initrd->nfiles].length);
-                printf("[" GREEN "DONE" RESET "]\n");
-
-                // ----------------------------------------------------------------
-                ++initrd->nfiles;
-
-                // ----------------------------------------------------------------
-                if (!create_file_headers(initrd, mountpoint, fs_abs_path)) {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            cp += entry->d_reclen;
-        }
-    }
-    close(dir_fd);
-    return 1;
-}
-
-static int write_file_system(initrd_t *initrd, int target_fd, char *mountpoint)
-{
-    printf("Copying data to filesystem...\n");
-    for (int i = 0; i < INITRD_MAX_FILES; i++) {
-        // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-        char absolute_path[256];
-        memset(absolute_path, 0, 256);
-        strcpy(absolute_path, mountpoint);
-        strcat(absolute_path, initrd->headers[i].name);
-
-        // --------------------------------------------------------------------
-        if (initrd->headers[i].file_type == DT_REG) {
-            FILE *fd2 = fopen(absolute_path, "r+");
-            if (fd2 == NULL) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            printf("[%3d] FILE: %-92s", i, absolute_path);
-            char *buffer = (char *)malloc(initrd->headers[i].length);
-            fread(buffer, 1, initrd->headers[i].length, fd2);
-            // Write the content.
-            write(target_fd, buffer, initrd->headers[i].length);
-
-            printf("[" GREEN "DONE" RESET "]\n");
-            fclose(fd2);
-            free(buffer);
-        }
-    }
-    printf("[" GREEN "DONE" RESET "]\n\n");
-    return 1;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-    printf("Welcome to MentOS initrd file copier tool\n\n");
-    if (argc <= 1) {
-        if (argv[0][0] == '.') {
-            version(argv[0] + 2);
-        }
-        usage(argv[0]);
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--version") || !strcmp(argv[1], "-v")) {
-        version(argv[0] + 2);
-        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-    }
-    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--help") || !strcmp(argv[1], "-h")) {
-        usage(argv[0]);
-        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
-    }
-
-    // Create the filesystem details structure.
-    initrd_t initrd;
-    // Target fs file descriptor.
-    int target_fd;
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Open the fs.
-    if ((target_fd = open_target_fs(argc, argv)) == -1) {
-        printf("Could not open target FileSystem.\n");
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Initialize the headers.
-    init_headers(&initrd);
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Create file headers.
-    printf("Creating headers...\n");
-    for (unsigned int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
-        if (is_option_source(argv[i]) && ((i + 1) < argc)) {
-            // ----------------------------------------------------------------
-            strcpy(initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].name, "/");
-            initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].file_type = DT_DIR;
-            initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].length    = 0;
-            initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].offset    = fs_offset;
-            initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].mask      = S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH;
-            initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].uid       = 0;
-            initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].gid       = 0;
-            initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].atime     = time(NULL);
-            initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].mtime     = time(NULL);
-            initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].ctime     = time(NULL);
-
-            printf("[%3d] DIR : %-52s", initrd.nfiles, initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].name);
-            printf("[" BLUE "OPEN" RESET "]");
-            printf("[OFFSET:%6d]", initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].offset);
-            printf("[SIZE:%6d]", initrd.headers[initrd.nfiles].length);
-            printf("[" GREEN "DONE" RESET "]\n");
-            ++initrd.nfiles;
-
-            // ----------------------------------------------------------------
-            if (!create_file_headers(&initrd, argv[i + 1], "")) {
-                printf("Could not create file headers.\n");
-                close(target_fd);
-                return EXIT_FAILURE;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    printf("[" GREEN "DONE" RESET "]\n\n");
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Copying information about headers on filesystem.
-    printf("%-64s", "Copying the filesystem's details structure...");
-    write(target_fd, &initrd, sizeof(initrd_t));
-    printf("[" GREEN "DONE" RESET "]\n\n");
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    // Write headers on filesystem.
-    for (unsigned int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
-        if (is_option_source(argv[i]) && ((i + 1) < argc)) {
-            if (!write_file_system(&initrd, target_fd, argv[i + 1])) {
-                printf("Could not write on filesystem.\n");
-                close(target_fd);
-                return EXIT_FAILURE;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    lseek(target_fd, 0L, SEEK_SET);
-    size_t fs_size = lseek(target_fd, 0L, SEEK_END);
-    printf("FS size : %ld\n", fs_size);
-    if (fs_size < INITRD_MAX_FS_SIZE - 1) {
-        printf("Extend FS size to : %d\n", INITRD_MAX_FS_SIZE - 1);
-        lseek(target_fd, INITRD_MAX_FS_SIZE - 1, SEEK_SET);
-        write(target_fd, 0, 1);
-    }
-    close(target_fd);
-    return 0;
-}

iso/boot/grub/grub.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+set timeout=5
+set default=0
+
+menuentry "MentOS" {
+     multiboot /boot/kernel-bootloader.bin
+     boot
+}

libc/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,140 +1,77 @@
 # =============================================================================
-# Author: Enrico Fraccaroli
+# LIBRARY
 # =============================================================================
-# Set the minimum required version of cmake.
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
-# Initialize the project.
-project(libc C ASM)
 
-# =============================================================================
-# Set the default build type to Debug.
-if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
-  message(STATUS "Setting build type to 'Debug' as none was specified.")
-  set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE
-      "Debug"
-      CACHE STRING "Choose the type of build." FORCE)
-endif()
-
-# =============================================================================
-# Enable the assembly language.
-enable_language(ASM)
-# Find the NASM compiler.
-find_program(ASM_COMPILER
-    NAMES nasm
-    HINTS /usr/bin/ ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/nasm/bin
-)
-# Check that we have found the compiler.
-if(NOT ASM_COMPILER)
-    message(FATAL_ERROR "ASM compiler not found!")
-endif(NOT ASM_COMPILER)
-# Set the asm compiler.
-set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER ${ASM_COMPILER})
-# Set the assembly compiler flags.
-set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS "${CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS} -f elf")
-set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILE_OBJECT "<CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER> <FLAGS> -o <OBJECT> <SOURCE>")
-if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
-    set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS "${CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS} -g")
-    set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS "${CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS} -O0")
-    set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS "${CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS} -F dwarf")
-elseif(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Release")
-    set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS "${CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS} -g")
-    set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS "${CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS} -O3")
-endif(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
-
-# =============================================================================
-# Warning flags.
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wall")
-#set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Werror")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wpedantic")
-#set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -pedantic-errors")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-function")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-variable")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unknown-pragmas")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-but-set-variable")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -std=gnu99")
-# Set the C compiler options.
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -static")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -nostdlib")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -nostdinc")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -fno-builtin")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -m32")
-if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
-    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -ggdb")
-    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -g3")
-    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -O0")
-elseif(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Release")
-    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -O3")
-endif(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
-
-# =============================================================================
 # Add the library.
 add_library(
-    ${PROJECT_NAME}
-
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/stdio.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/ctype.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/string.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/stdlib.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/math.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/fcvt.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/time.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/strerror.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/termios.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/libgen.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/vsprintf.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/vscanf.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/pwd.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/grp.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/sched.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/setenv.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/assert.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/abort.c
-
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/io/mm_io.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/io/port_io.c
-
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/ipc/ipc.c
-
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/sys/unistd.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/sys/errno.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/sys/utsname.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/sys/ioctl.c
-
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/getppid.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/getpid.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/exit.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/setsid.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/getsid.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/setgid.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/getgid.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/fork.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/read.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/write.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/exec.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/nice.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/open.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/reboot.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/waitpid.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/chdir.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/getcwd.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/close.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/stat.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/rmdir.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/mkdir.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/unlink.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/getdents.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/lseek.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/kill.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/signal.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/unistd/interval.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/libc_start.c
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/debug.c
-
-    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/crt0.S
+    libc
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/stdio.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/ctype.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/string.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/stdlib.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/math.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/fcvt.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/time.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/strerror.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/termios.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/libgen.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/vsprintf.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/vscanf.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/pwd.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/grp.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sched.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/readline.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/setenv.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/assert.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/abort.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/io/mm_io.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/io/debug.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/ipc.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/unistd.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/errno.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/utsname.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/mman.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/ioctl.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/creat.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getppid.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getpid.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/exit.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/setsid.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getsid.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/setpgid.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getpgid.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/setgid.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getgid.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/setuid.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getuid.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/fork.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/read.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/write.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/exec.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/nice.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/open.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/reboot.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/waitpid.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/chdir.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getcwd.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/close.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/stat.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/rmdir.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/mkdir.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/unlink.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getdents.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/lseek.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/kill.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/signal.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/interval.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/symlink.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/readlink.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/libc_start.c
+    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/crt0.S
 )
 
 # Add the includes.
-target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC inc)
+target_include_directories(libc PUBLIC inc)
 
 # Remove the 'lib' prefix.
-set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
+set_target_properties(libc PROPERTIES PREFIX "")

libc/inc/array.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/// @file array.h
+/// @brief
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// See LICENSE.md for details.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+/// Function for allocating memory for the array.
+#define ARRAY_ALLOC kmalloc
+/// Function for freeing the memory for the array.
+#define ARRAY_FREE  kfree
+#else
+/// Function for allocating memory for the array.
+#define ARRAY_ALLOC malloc
+/// Function for freeing the memory for the array.
+#define ARRAY_FREE  free
+#endif
+
+/// @brief Declares a new dynamic-size array structure.
+#define DECLARE_ARRAY(type, name)                                                     \
+    typedef struct arr_##name##_t {                                                   \
+        const unsigned size;                                                          \
+        type *buffer;                                                                 \
+    } arr_##name##_t;                                                                 \
+    arr_##name##_t alloc_arr_##name(unsigned len)                                     \
+    {                                                                                 \
+        arr_##name##_t a = { len, len > 0 ? ARRAY_ALLOC(sizeof(type) * len) : NULL }; \
+        memset(a.buffer, 0, sizeof(type) * len);                                      \
+        return a;                                                                     \
+    }                                                                                 \
+    static inline void free_arr_##name(arr_##name##_t *arr)                           \
+    {                                                                                 \
+        ARRAY_FREE(arr->buffer);                                                      \
+    }
+
+#undef ARRAY_ALLOC
+#undef ARRAY_FREE

libc/inc/assert.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file assert.h
 /// @brief Defines the function and pre-processor macro for assertions.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/bits/ioctls.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /// @file ioctls.h
 /// @brief Input/Output ConTroL (IOCTL) numbers.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/bits/stat.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file stat.h
 /// @brief Defines the structure used by the functiosn fstat(), lstat(), and stat().
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/bits/termios-struct.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file termios-struct.h
 /// @brief Definition of the `termios` structure.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -25,21 +24,23 @@ typedef struct termios {
     cc_t c_cc[NCCS];  ///< control characters
     speed_t c_ispeed; ///< input speed
     speed_t c_ospeed; ///< output speed
-} termios;
+} termios_t;
 
-/// @brief These flags generally control higher-level aspects of input processing than the input
-/// modes flags described in Input Modes, such as echoing, signals, and the choice of canonical
-/// or noncanonical input.
-enum {
-    ISIG    = 000001U, ///< Controls whether the INTR, QUIT, and SUSP characters are recognized.
-    ICANON  = 000002U, ///< Enables canonical input processing mode.
-    ECHO    = 000010U, ///< Echo input characters.
-    ECHOE   = 000020U, ///< If ICANON is set, the ERASE character erases the preceding character.
-    ECHOK   = 000040U, ///< If ICANON is set, the KILL character erases the current line.
-    ECHONL  = 000100U, ///< If ICANON is set, echo the NL character even if ECHO is not set.
-    NOFLSH  = 000200U, ///< Do not clear in/out queues when receiving INTR, QUIT, and SUSP.
-    TOSTOP  = 000400U, ///< Allows SIGTTOU signals generated by background processes.
-    ECHOCTL = 001000U, ///< If this and ECHO are set, control characters with ‘^’ are echoed.
-    ECHOKE  = 004000U, ///< If ICANON is set, KILL is echoed by erasing each character on the line.
-    IEXTEN  = 100000U, ///< Enables implementation-defined input processing.
-};
+//These flags generally control higher-level aspects of input processing than
+// the input modes flags described in Input Modes, such as echoing, signals, and
+// the choice of canonical or noncanonical input.
+
+#define ISIG    0x00000080 ///< Controls whether the INTR, QUIT, and SUSP characters are recognized.
+#define ICANON  0x00000100 ///< Enables canonical input processing mode.
+#define ECHO    0x00000008 ///< Echo input characters.
+#define ECHOE   0x00000002 ///< If ICANON is set, the ERASE character erases the preceding character.
+#define ECHOK   0x00000004 ///< If ICANON is set, the KILL character erases the current line.
+#define ECHONL  0x00000010 ///< If ICANON is set, echo the NL character even if ECHO is not set.
+#define NOFLSH  0x80000000 ///< Do not clear in/out queues when receiving INTR, QUIT, and SUSP.
+#define TOSTOP  0x00400000 ///< Allows SIGTTOU signals generated by background processes.
+#define ECHOCTL 0x00000040 ///< If this and ECHO are set, control characters with ‘^’ are echoed.
+#define ECHOKE  0x00000001 ///< If ICANON is set, KILL is echoed by erasing each character on the line.
+#define IEXTEN  0x00000400 ///< Enables implementation-defined input processing.
+
+/// @brief Mask for extracting control values.
+#define CTRL(x) ((x) & 037)

libc/inc/ctype.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file ctype.h
 /// @brief Functions related to character handling.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -16,6 +15,11 @@ int isdigit(int c);
 /// @return 1 on success, 0 otherwise.
 int isalpha(int c);
 
+/// @brief Check if the given value is a control character.
+/// @param c The input character.
+/// @return 1 on success, 0 otherwise.
+int iscntrl(int c);
+
 /// @brief Check if the given value is either a letter or a digit.
 /// @param c The input character.
 /// @return 1 on success, 0 otherwise.

libc/inc/debug.h

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
-/// @file debug.h
-/// @brief Debugging primitives.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
-/// See LICENSE.md for details.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#ifndef __DEBUG_HEADER__
-/// Header for identifying outputs coming from a mechanism.
-#define __DEBUG_HEADER__
-#endif
-
-/// @brief Extract the filename from the full path provided by __FILE__.
-#define __FILENAME__ (__builtin_strrchr(__FILE__, '/') ? __builtin_strrchr(__FILE__, '/') + 1 : __FILE__)
-
-/// @brief Prints the given character to debug output.
-/// @param c The character to print.
-void dbg_putchar(char c);
-
-/// @brief Prints the given string to debug output.
-/// @param s The string to print.
-void dbg_puts(const char *s);
-
-/// @brief Prints the given string to the debug output.
-/// @param file   The name of the file.
-/// @param fun    The name of the function.
-/// @param line   The line inside the file.
-/// @param format The format to used, see printf.
-/// @param ...    The list of arguments.
-void dbg_printf(const char *file, const char *fun, int line, const char *format, ...);
-
-/// @brief Transforms the given amount of bytes to a readable string.
-/// @param bytes The bytes to turn to string.
-/// @return String representing the bytes in human readable form.
-const char *to_human_size(unsigned long bytes);
-
-/// @brief Transforms the given value to a binary string.
-/// @param value The decimal value.
-/// @return String representing the binary value.
-const char *dec_to_binary(unsigned long value);
-
-/// Prints a debugging message.
-#define pr_debug(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__ __VA_ARGS__)

libc/inc/fcntl.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file fcntl.h
 /// @brief Headers of functions fcntl() and open().
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -20,20 +19,21 @@
 /// @brief The file modes.
 /// @{
 
-#define S_IRWXU 0000700U ///< RWX mask for user.
-#define S_IRUSR 0000400U ///< R for user.
-#define S_IWUSR 0000200U ///< W for user.
-#define S_IXUSR 0000100U ///< X for user.
-
-#define S_IRWXG 0000070U ///< RWX mask for group.
-#define S_IRGRP 0000040U ///< R for group.
-#define S_IWGRP 0000020U ///< W for group.
-#define S_IXGRP 0000010U ///< X for group.
-
-#define S_IRWXO 0000007U ///< RWX mask for group.
-#define S_IROTH 0000004U ///< R for group.
-#define S_IWOTH 0000002U ///< W for group.
-#define S_IXOTH 0000001U ///< X for group.
+#define S_ISUID 0x0800 ///< Set user id on execution
+#define S_ISGID 0x0400 ///< Set group id on execution
+#define S_ISVTX 0x0200 ///< Save swapped text even after use (Sticky Bit)
+#define S_IRWXU 0x01C0 ///< rwx------ : User can read/write/execute
+#define S_IRUSR 0x0100 ///< r-------- : User can read
+#define S_IWUSR 0x0080 ///< -w------- : User can write
+#define S_IXUSR 0x0040 ///< --x------ : User can execute
+#define S_IRWXG 0x0038 ///< ---rwx--- : Group can read/write/execute
+#define S_IRGRP 0x0020 ///< ---r----- : Group can read
+#define S_IWGRP 0x0010 ///< ----w---- : Group can write
+#define S_IXGRP 0x0008 ///< -----x--- : Group can execute
+#define S_IRWXO 0x0007 ///< ------rwx : Others can read/write/execute
+#define S_IROTH 0x0004 ///< ------r-- : Others can read
+#define S_IWOTH 0x0002 ///< -------w- : Others can write
+#define S_IXOTH 0x0001 ///< --------x : Others can execute
 
 #define S_ISDIR(m)  (((m)&0170000) == 0040000) ///< directory.
 #define S_ISCHR(m)  (((m)&0170000) == 0020000) ///< char special

libc/inc/fcvt.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file fcvt.h
 /// @brief Declare the functions required to turn double values into a string.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/grp.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file grp.h
 /// @brief Defines the structures and functions for managing groups.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -11,66 +10,63 @@
 /// Maximum number of users per group
 #define MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP 64
 
-///@brief Contains user group informations
-typedef struct group{
+/// @brief Contains user group informations.
+typedef struct group {
+    /// The name of the group.
+    char *gr_name;
+    /// Encrypted password.
+    char *gr_passwd;
+    /// Group ID.
+    gid_t gr_gid;
+    /// List of group members.
+    char *gr_mem[MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP + 1];
+} group_t;
 
-    char* gr_name;      // the name of the group
-    gid_t gr_gid;       // numerical group ID
-    char* gr_passwd;    // password
+/// @brief Provides access to the group database entry for `uid`.
+/// @param gid The gid to search inside the database.
+/// @return A pointer to the structure containing the database entry.
+group_t *getgrgid(gid_t gid);
 
-    //pointer to a null-terminated array of character pointers to member names
-    char* gr_mem[MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP + 1];
-    
-} group;
+/// @brief Provides access to the group database entry for `name`.
+/// @param name The name to search inside the database.
+/// @return A pointer to the structure containing the database entry.
+group_t *getgrnam(const char *name);
 
-///@brief       Provides access to the group database entry for `uid`.
-///@param gid   The gid to search inside the database.
-///@return      A pointer to the structure containing the database entry.
-struct group* getgrgid(gid_t gid);
+/// @brief Provides the same information as getgrgid but it stores the results
+/// inside group, and the string information are store store inside `buf`.
+/// @param gid The uid to search inside the database.
+/// @param group The structure containing pointers to the entry fields.
+/// @param buf The buffer where the strings should be stored.
+/// @param buflen The lenght of the buffer.
+/// @param result A pointer to the result or NULL is stored here.
+/// @return If the entry was found returns zero and set *result to group, if the
+/// entry was not found returns zero and set *result to NULL, on failure returns
+/// a number and sets  and set *result to NULL.
+int getgrgid_r(gid_t gid, group_t *group, char *buf, size_t buflen, group_t **result);
 
-///@brief       Provides access to the group database entry for `name`.
-///@param name  The name to search inside the database.
-///@return      A pointer to the structure containing the database entry.
-struct group* getgrnam(const char* name);
+/// @brief Provides the same information as getgrnam but it stores the results
+///inside group, and the string information are store store inside `buf`.
+/// @param name The name to search inside the database.
+/// @param group The structure containing pointers to the entry fields.
+/// @param buf The buffer where the strings should be stored.
+/// @param buflen The lenght of the buffer.
+/// @param result A pointer to the result or NULL is stored here.
+/// @return If the entry was found returns zero and set *result to group, if the
+/// entry was not found returns zero and set *result to NULL, on failure returns
+/// a number and sets  and set *result to NULL.
+int getgrnam_r(const char *name, group_t *group, char *buf, size_t buflen, group_t **result);
 
-///@brief        Provides the same information as getgrgid but it stores the
-///              results inside group, and the string information are store store
-///              inside `buf`.
-///@param gid    The uid to search inside the database.
-///@param group  The structure containing pointers to the entry fields.
-///@param buf    The buffer where the strings should be stored.
-///@param buflen The lenght of the buffer.
-///@param result A pointer to the result or NULL is stored here.
-///@return       If the entry was found returns zero and set *result to group,
-///              if the entry was not found returns zero and set *result to NULL,
-///              on failure returns a number and sets  and set *result to NULL.
-int getgrgid_r(gid_t gid, struct group* group, char* buf, size_t buflen, struct group ** result);
+/// @brief Returns a pointer to a structure containing the broken-out fields of
+/// an entry in the group database.
+/// @return pointer to the group entry.
+/// @details When first called returns a pointer to a group structure containing
+/// the first entry in the group database. Thereafter, it returns a pointer to a
+/// group structure containing the next group structure in the group database,
+/// so successive calls may be used to search the entire database.
+group_t *getgrent(void);
 
-///@brief        Provides the same information as getgrnam but it stores the
-///              results inside group, and the string information are store store
-///              inside `buf`.
-///@param name   The name to search inside the database.
-///@param group  The structure containing pointers to the entry fields.
-///@param buf    The buffer where the strings should be stored.
-///@param buflen The lenght of the buffer.
-///@param result A pointer to the result or NULL is stored here.
-///@return       If the entry was found returns zero and set *result to group,
-///              if the entry was not found returns zero and set *result to NULL,
-///              on failure returns a number and sets  and set *result to NULL.
-int getgrnam_r(const char* name, struct group* group, char* buf, size_t buflen, struct group** result);
-
-
-///@brief Returns a pointer to a structure containing the broken-out 
-///       fields of an entry in the group database.
-///       When first called returns a pointer to a group structure 
-///       containing the first entry in the group database. 
-///       Thereafter, it returns a pointer to a group structure 
-///       containing the next group structure in the group database, 
-///       so successive calls may be used to search the entire database.
-struct group* getgrent(void);
-
-///@brief Rewinds the group database to allow repeated searches.
+/// @brief Rewinds the group database to allow repeated searches.
 void endgrent(void);
 
-///@brief May be called to close the group database when processing is complete.
-void setgrent(void);
+/// @brief May be called to close the group database when processing is complete.
+void setgrent(void);

libc/inc/io/ansi_colors.h

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/// @file ansi_colors.h
+/// @brief List of ANSI colors.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// See LICENSE.md for details.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#define FG_RESET "\033[0m" ///< ANSI code for resetting.
+
+#define FG_BLACK   "\033[30m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BLACK foreground.
+#define FG_RED     "\033[31m" ///< ANSI code for setting a RED foreground.
+#define FG_GREEN   "\033[32m" ///< ANSI code for setting a GREEN foreground.
+#define FG_YELLOW  "\033[33m" ///< ANSI code for setting a YELLOW foreground.
+#define FG_BLUE    "\033[34m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BLUE foreground.
+#define FG_MAGENTA "\033[35m" ///< ANSI code for setting a MAGENTA foreground.
+#define FG_CYAN    "\033[36m" ///< ANSI code for setting a CYAN foreground.
+#define FG_WHITE   "\033[37m" ///< ANSI code for setting a WHITE foreground.
+
+#define FG_BLACK_BOLD   "\033[1;30m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BLACK foreground.
+#define FG_RED_BOLD     "\033[1;31m" ///< ANSI code for setting a RED foreground.
+#define FG_GREEN_BOLD   "\033[1;32m" ///< ANSI code for setting a GREEN foreground.
+#define FG_YELLOW_BOLD  "\033[1;33m" ///< ANSI code for setting a YELLOW foreground.
+#define FG_BLUE_BOLD    "\033[1;34m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BLUE foreground.
+#define FG_MAGENTA_BOLD "\033[1;35m" ///< ANSI code for setting a MAGENTA foreground.
+#define FG_CYAN_BOLD    "\033[1;36m" ///< ANSI code for setting a CYAN foreground.
+#define FG_WHITE_BOLD   "\033[1;37m" ///< ANSI code for setting a WHITE foreground.
+
+#define FG_BLACK_BRIGHT   "\033[90m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_BLACK foreground.
+#define FG_RED_BRIGHT     "\033[91m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_RED foreground.
+#define FG_GREEN_BRIGHT   "\033[92m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_GREEN foreground.
+#define FG_YELLOW_BRIGHT  "\033[93m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_YELLOW foreground.
+#define FG_BLUE_BRIGHT    "\033[94m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_BLUE foreground.
+#define FG_MAGENTA_BRIGHT "\033[95m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_MAGENTA foreground.
+#define FG_CYAN_BRIGHT    "\033[96m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_CYAN foreground.
+#define FG_WHITE_BRIGHT   "\033[97m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_WHITE foreground.
+
+#define FG_BLACK_BRIGHT_BOLD   "\033[1;90m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_BLACK foreground.
+#define FG_RED_BRIGHT_BOLD     "\033[1;91m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_RED foreground.
+#define FG_GREEN_BRIGHT_BOLD   "\033[1;92m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_GREEN foreground.
+#define FG_YELLOW_BRIGHT_BOLD  "\033[1;93m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_YELLOW foreground.
+#define FG_BLUE_BRIGHT_BOLD    "\033[1;94m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_BLUE foreground.
+#define FG_MAGENTA_BRIGHT_BOLD "\033[1;95m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_MAGENTA foreground.
+#define FG_CYAN_BRIGHT_BOLD    "\033[1;96m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_CYAN foreground.
+#define FG_WHITE_BRIGHT_BOLD   "\033[1;97m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_WHITE foreground.
+
+#define BG_BLACK   "\033[40m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BLACK background.
+#define BG_RED     "\033[41m" ///< ANSI code for setting a RED background.
+#define BG_GREEN   "\033[42m" ///< ANSI code for setting a GREEN background.
+#define BG_YELLOW  "\033[43m" ///< ANSI code for setting a YELLOW background.
+#define BG_BLUE    "\033[44m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BLUE background.
+#define BG_MAGENTA "\033[45m" ///< ANSI code for setting a MAGENTA background.
+#define BG_CYAN    "\033[46m" ///< ANSI code for setting a CYAN background.
+#define BG_WHITE   "\033[47m" ///< ANSI code for setting a WHITE background.
+
+#define BG_BRIGHT_BLACK   "\033[100m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_BLACK background.
+#define BG_BRIGHT_RED     "\033[101m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_RED background.
+#define BG_BRIGHT_GREEN   "\033[102m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_GREEN background.
+#define BG_BRIGHT_YELLOW  "\033[103m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_YELLOW background.
+#define BG_BRIGHT_BLUE    "\033[104m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_BLUE background.
+#define BG_BRIGHT_MAGENTA "\033[105m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_MAGENTA background.
+#define BG_BRIGHT_CYAN    "\033[106m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_CYAN background.
+#define BG_BRIGHT_WHITE   "\033[107m" ///< ANSI code for setting a BRIGHT_WHITE background.

libc/inc/io/debug.h

@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file debug.h
 /// @brief Debugging primitives.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
 
 #include "sys/kernel_levels.h"
 
-struct pt_regs;
-
 #ifndef __DEBUG_LEVEL__
-/// Defines the debug level.
+/// Defines the debug level, by default we set it to notice.
 #define __DEBUG_LEVEL__ LOGLEVEL_NOTICE
 #endif
 
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ void set_log_level(int level);
 
 /// @brief Returns the current loglevel.
 /// @return The current loglevel
-int get_log_level();
+int get_log_level(void);
 
 /// @brief Prints the given character to debug output.
 /// @param c The character to print.
@@ -40,17 +37,14 @@ void dbg_putchar(char c);
 void dbg_puts(const char *s);
 
 /// @brief Prints the given string to the debug output.
-/// @param file   The name of the file.
-/// @param fun    The name of the function.
-/// @param line   The line inside the file.
-/// @param header The header to print.
-/// @param format The format to used, see printf.
-/// @param ...    The list of arguments.
-void dbg_printf(const char *file, const char *fun, int line, char *header, const char *format, ...);
-
-/// @brief Prints the registers on debug output.
-/// @param frame Pointer to the register.
-void dbg_print_regs(struct pt_regs *frame);
+/// @param file the name of the file.
+/// @param fun the name of the function.
+/// @param line the line inside the file.
+/// @param header the header to print.
+/// @param log_level the log level.
+/// @param format the format to used, see printf.
+/// @param ... the list of arguments.
+void dbg_printf(const char *file, const char *fun, int line, char *header, short log_level, const char *format, ...);
 
 /// @brief Transforms the given amount of bytes to a readable string.
 /// @param bytes The bytes to turn to string.
@@ -58,57 +52,76 @@ void dbg_print_regs(struct pt_regs *frame);
 const char *to_human_size(unsigned long bytes);
 
 /// @brief Transforms the given value to a binary string.
-/// @param value The decimal value.
+/// @param value to print.
+/// @param length of the binary output.
 /// @return String representing the binary value.
-const char *dec_to_binary(unsigned long value);
+const char *dec_to_binary(unsigned long value, unsigned length);
 
-/// Prints a KERN_DEFAULT.
-#define pr_default(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, KERN_DEFAULT __VA_ARGS__)
-/// Prints a KERN_EMERG.
+/// Prints a default message, which is always shown.
+#define pr_default(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+/// Prints an emergency message.
 #if __DEBUG_LEVEL__ >= LOGLEVEL_EMERG
-#define pr_emerg(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, KERN_EMERG __VA_ARGS__)
+#define pr_emerg(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, LOGLEVEL_EMERG, __VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define pr_emerg(...)
 #endif
-/// Prints a KERN_ALERT.
+
+/// Prints an alert message.
 #if __DEBUG_LEVEL__ >= LOGLEVEL_ALERT
-#define pr_alert(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, KERN_ALERT __VA_ARGS__)
+#define pr_alert(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, LOGLEVEL_ALERT, __VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define pr_alert(...)
 #endif
-/// Prints a KERN_CRIT.
+
+/// Prints a critical message.
 #if __DEBUG_LEVEL__ >= LOGLEVEL_CRIT
-#define pr_crit(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, KERN_CRIT __VA_ARGS__)
+#define pr_crit(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, LOGLEVEL_CRIT, __VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define pr_crit(...)
 #endif
-/// Prints a KERN_ERR.
+
+/// Prints an error message.
 #if __DEBUG_LEVEL__ >= LOGLEVEL_ERR
-#define pr_err(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, KERN_ERR __VA_ARGS__)
+#define pr_err(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, LOGLEVEL_ERR, __VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define pr_err(...)
 #endif
-/// Prints a KERN_WARNING.
+
+/// Prints a warning message.
 #if __DEBUG_LEVEL__ >= LOGLEVEL_WARNING
-#define pr_warning(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, KERN_WARNING __VA_ARGS__)
+#define pr_warning(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, LOGLEVEL_WARNING, __VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define pr_warning(...)
 #endif
-/// Prints a KERN_NOTICE.
+
+/// Prints a notice message.
 #if __DEBUG_LEVEL__ >= LOGLEVEL_NOTICE
-#define pr_notice(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, KERN_NOTICE __VA_ARGS__)
+#define pr_notice(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, LOGLEVEL_NOTICE, __VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define pr_notice(...)
 #endif
-/// Prints a KERN_INFO.
+
+/// Prints a info message.
 #if __DEBUG_LEVEL__ >= LOGLEVEL_INFO
-#define pr_info(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, KERN_INFO __VA_ARGS__)
+#define pr_info(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, LOGLEVEL_INFO, __VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define pr_info(...)
 #endif
-/// Prints a KERN_DEBUG.
+
+/// Prints a debug message.
 #if __DEBUG_LEVEL__ >= LOGLEVEL_DEBUG
-#define pr_debug(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, KERN_DEBUG __VA_ARGS__)
+#define pr_debug(...) dbg_printf(__FILENAME__, __func__, __LINE__, __DEBUG_HEADER__, LOGLEVEL_DEBUG, __VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define pr_debug(...)
 #endif
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+struct pt_regs;
+
+/// @brief Prints the registers on debug output.
+/// @param frame Pointer to the register.
+void dbg_print_regs(struct pt_regs *frame);
+
+#endif

libc/inc/io/mm_io.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file mm_io.h
 /// @brief Memory Mapped IO functions.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -9,19 +8,31 @@
 #include "stdint.h"
 
 /// @brief Reads a 8-bit value from the given address.
+/// @param addr the address we want to read from.
+/// @return the value we read.
 uint8_t in_memb(uint32_t addr);
 
 /// @brief Reads a 16-bit value from the given address.
+/// @param addr the address we want to read from.
+/// @return the value we read.
 uint16_t in_mems(uint32_t addr);
 
 /// @brief Reads a 32-bit value from the given address.
+/// @param addr the address we want to read from.
+/// @return the value we read.
 uint32_t in_meml(uint32_t addr);
 
 /// @brief Writes a 8-bit value at the given address.
+/// @param addr the address we want to write to.
+/// @param value the value we want to write.
 void out_memb(uint32_t addr, uint8_t value);
 
 /// @brief Writes a 16-bit value at the given address.
+/// @param addr the address we want to write to.
+/// @param value the value we want to write.
 void out_mems(uint32_t addr, uint16_t value);
 
 /// @brief Writes a 32-bit value at the given address.
+/// @param addr the address we want to write to.
+/// @param value the value we want to write.
 void out_meml(uint32_t addr, uint32_t value);

libc/inc/io/port_io.h

@@ -1,43 +1,150 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file port_io.h
 /// @brief Byte I/O on ports prototypes.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "stdint.h"
+/// @brief Reads a 8-bit value from the given port.
+/// @param port the port we want to read from.
+/// @return the value we read.
+static inline unsigned char inportb(unsigned short port)
+{
+    unsigned char result;
+    __asm__ __volatile__("inb %%dx, %%al"
+                         : "=a"(result)
+                         : "dN"(port)
+                         : "memory");
+    return result;
+}
 
-/// @brief      Used for reading from the I/O ports.
-/// @param port The input port.
-/// @return     The read value.
-uint8_t inportb(uint16_t port);
+/// @brief Reads a 16-bit value from the given port.
+/// @param port the port we want to read from.
+/// @return the value we read.
+static inline unsigned short inports(unsigned short port)
+{
+    unsigned short result;
+    __asm__ __volatile__("inw %1, %0"
+                         : "=a"(result)
+                         : "dN"(port)
+                         : "memory");
+    return result;
+}
 
-/// @brief      Used for reading 2 bytes from the I/O ports.
-/// @param port The input port.
-/// @return     The read value.
-uint16_t inports(uint16_t port);
+/// @brief Reads a 32-bit value from the given port.
+/// @param port the port we want to read from.
+/// @return the value we read.
+static inline unsigned int inportl(unsigned short port)
+{
+    unsigned int result;
+    __asm__ __volatile__("inl %%dx, %%eax"
+                         : "=a"(result)
+                         : "dN"(port)
+                         : "memory");
+    return result;
+}
 
-void inportsm(uint16_t port, uint8_t *data, unsigned long size);
+/// @brief Writes a 8-bit value at the given port.
+/// @param port the port we want to write to.
+/// @param value the value we want to write.
+static inline void outportb(unsigned short port, unsigned char value)
+{
+    __asm__ __volatile__("outb %%al, %%dx"
+                         :
+                         : "a"(value), "dN"(port)
+                         : "memory");
+}
 
-/// @brief      Used for reading 4 bytes from the I/O ports.
-/// @param port The input port.
-/// @return     The read value.
-uint32_t inportl(uint16_t port);
+/// @brief Writes a 16-bit value at the given port.
+/// @param port the port we want to write to.
+/// @param value the value we want to write.
+static inline void outports(unsigned short port, unsigned short value)
+{
+    __asm__ __volatile__("outw %1, %0"
+                         :
+                         : "dN"(port), "a"(value)
+                         : "memory");
+}
 
-/// @brief      Use this to write to I/O ports to send bytes to devices.
-/// @param port The output port.
-/// @param data The data to write.
-void outportb(uint16_t port, uint8_t data);
+/// @brief Writes a 32-bit value at the given port.
+/// @param port the port we want to write to.
+/// @param value the value we want to write.
+static inline void outportl(unsigned short port, unsigned int value)
+{
+    __asm__ __volatile__("outl %%eax, %%dx"
+                         :
+                         : "dN"(port), "a"(value)
+                         : "memory");
+}
 
-/// @brief      Use this to write to I/O ports to send 2 bytes to devices.
-/// @param port The output port.
-/// @param data The data to write.
-void outports(uint16_t port, uint16_t data);
+/// @brief Reads multiple 8-bit values from the given port.
+/// @param port the port we want to read from.
+/// @param addr the location where we store the values we read.
+/// @param count the number of values we want to read.
+static inline void inportsb(unsigned short port, void *addr, unsigned long count)
+{
+    __asm__ __volatile__(
+        "cld ; rep ; insb "
+        : "=D"(addr), "=c"(count)
+        : "d"(port), "0"(addr), "1"(count));
+}
 
-void outportsm(uint16_t port, uint8_t *data, uint16_t size);
+/// @brief Reads multiple 16-bit values from the given port.
+/// @param port the port we want to read from.
+/// @param addr the location where we store the values we read.
+/// @param count the number of values we want to read.
+static inline void inportsw(unsigned short port, void *addr, unsigned long count)
+{
+    __asm__ __volatile__(
+        "cld ; rep ; insw "
+        : "=D"(addr), "=c"(count)
+        : "d"(port), "0"(addr), "1"(count));
+}
 
-/// @brief      Use this to write to I/O ports to send 4 bytes to devices.
-/// @param port The output port.
-/// @param data The data to write.
-void outportl(uint16_t port, uint32_t data);
+/// @brief Reads multiple 32-bit values from the given port.
+/// @param port the port we want to read from.
+/// @param addr the location where we store the values we read.
+/// @param count the number of values we want to read.
+static inline void inportsl(unsigned short port, void *addr, unsigned long count)
+{
+    __asm__ __volatile__(
+        "cld ; rep ; insl "
+        : "=D"(addr), "=c"(count)
+        : "d"(port), "0"(addr), "1"(count));
+}
+
+/// @brief Writes multiple 8-bit values to the given port.
+/// @param port the port we want to write to.
+/// @param addr the location where we get the values we need to write.
+/// @param count the number of values we want to write.
+static inline void outportsb(unsigned short port, void *addr, unsigned long count)
+{
+    __asm__ __volatile__(
+        "cld ; rep ; outsb "
+        : "=S"(addr), "=c"(count)
+        : "d"(port), "0"(addr), "1"(count));
+}
+
+/// @brief Writes multiple 16-bit values to the given port.
+/// @param port the port we want to write to.
+/// @param addr the location where we get the values we need to write.
+/// @param count the number of values we want to write.
+static inline void outportsw(unsigned short port, void *addr, unsigned long count)
+{
+    __asm__ __volatile__(
+        "cld ; rep ; outsw "
+        : "=S"(addr), "=c"(count)
+        : "d"(port), "0"(addr), "1"(count));
+}
+
+/// @brief Writes multiple 32-bit values to the given port.
+/// @param port the port we want to write to.
+/// @param addr the location where we get the values we need to write.
+/// @param count the number of values we want to write.
+static inline void outportsl(unsigned short port, void *addr, unsigned long count)
+{
+    __asm__ __volatile__(
+        "cld ; rep ; outsl "
+        : "=S"(addr), "=c"(count)
+        : "d"(port), "0"(addr), "1"(count));
+}

libc/inc/ipc/ipc.h

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
-/// @file ipc.h
-/// @brief Inter-Process Communication (IPC) structures.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
-/// See LICENSE.md for details.
-
-#pragma once
-
-/// @brief Permission details of an IPC object.
-struct ipc_perm {
-    /// Key supplied to msgget(2).
-    key_t __key;
-    /// Effective UID of owner.
-    uid_t uid;
-    /// Effective GID of owner.
-    gid_t gid;
-    /// Effective UID of creator.
-    uid_t cuid;
-    /// Effective GID of creator.
-    gid_t cgid;
-    /// Permissions.
-    unsigned short mode;
-    /// Sequence number.
-    unsigned short __seq;
-};

libc/inc/ipc/msg.h

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
-/// @file msg.h
-/// @brief Definition of structure for managing message queues.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
-/// See LICENSE.md for details.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "sys/types.h"
-#include "stddef.h"
-#include "time.h"
-#include "ipc.h"
-
-/// Type for storing the number of messages in a message queue.
-typedef unsigned int msgqnum_t;
-
-/// Type for storing the number of bytes in a message queue.
-typedef unsigned int msglen_t;
-
-/// @brief Buffer to use with the message queue IPC.
-struct msgbuf {
-    /// Type of the message.
-    long mtype;
-    /// Text of the message.
-    char mtext[1];
-};
-
-/// @brief Message queue data structure.
-struct msqid_ds {
-    /// Ownership and permissions.
-    struct ipc_perm msg_perm;
-    /// Time of last msgsnd(2).
-    time_t msg_stime;
-    /// Time of last msgrcv(2).
-    time_t msg_rtime;
-    /// Time of creation or last modification by msgctl().
-    time_t msg_ctime;
-    /// Number of bytes in queue.
-    unsigned long msg_cbytes;
-    /// Number of messages in queue.
-    msgqnum_t msg_qnum;
-    /// Maximum number of bytes in queue.
-    msglen_t msg_qbytes;
-    /// PID of last msgsnd(2).
-    pid_t msg_lspid;
-    /// PID of last msgrcv(2).
-    pid_t msg_lrpid;
-};
-
-#ifdef __KERNEL__
-
-long sys_msgget(key_t key, int msgflg);
-
-long sys_msgsnd(int msqid, struct msgbuf *msgp, size_t msgsz, int msgflg);
-
-long sys_msgrcv(int msqid, struct msgbuf *msgp, size_t msgsz, long msgtyp, int msgflg);
-
-long sys_msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, struct msqid_ds *buf);
-
-#else
-
-long msgget(key_t key, int msgflg);
-
-long msgsnd(int msqid, struct msgbuf *msgp, size_t msgsz, int msgflg);
-
-long msgrcv(int msqid, struct msgbuf *msgp, size_t msgsz, long msgtyp, int msgflg);
-
-long msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, struct msqid_ds *buf);
-
-#endif

libc/inc/ipc/sem.h

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
-/// @file sem.h
-/// @brief Definition of structure for managing semaphores.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
-/// See LICENSE.md for details.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "sys/types.h"
-#include "stddef.h"
-#include "time.h"
-#include "ipc.h"
-
-/// @brief Buffer to use with the semaphore IPC.
-struct sembuf {
-    /// Semaphore index in array.
-    unsigned short sem_num;
-    /// Semaphore operation.
-    short sem_op;
-    /// Operation flags.
-    short sem_flg;
-};
-
-#ifdef __KERNEL__
-
-long sys_semget(key_t key, int nsems, int semflg);
-
-long sys_semop(int semid, struct sembuf *sops, unsigned nsops);
-
-long sys_semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, unsigned long arg);
-
-#else
-
-long semget(key_t key, int nsems, int semflg);
-
-long semop(int semid, struct sembuf *sops, unsigned nsops);
-
-long semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, unsigned long arg);
-
-#endif

libc/inc/ipc/shm.h

@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
-/// @file shm.h
-/// @brief Definition of structure for managing shared memories.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
-/// See LICENSE.md for details.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "sys/types.h"
-#include "stddef.h"
-#include "time.h"
-#include "ipc.h"
-
-/// Data type for storing the number of attaches.
-typedef unsigned long shmatt_t;
-
-/// @brief Shared memory data structure.
-struct shmid_ds {
-    /// Operation permission struct.
-    struct ipc_perm shm_perm;
-    /// Size of segment in bytes.
-    size_t shm_segsz;
-    /// Time of last shmat().
-    time_t shm_atime;
-    /// Time of last shmdt().
-    time_t shm_dtime;
-    /// Time of last change by shmctl().
-    time_t shm_ctime;
-    /// Pid of creator.
-    pid_t shm_cpid;
-    /// Pid of last shmop.
-    pid_t shm_lpid;
-    /// Number of current attaches.
-    shmatt_t shm_nattch;
-    /// Pointer to the next shared memory data structure.
-    struct shmid_ds *next;
-    /// Where shm created is memorized, should be a file.
-    void *shm_location;
-};
-
-#if 0
-
-#include "ipc.h"
-#include "debug.h"
-#include "time.h"
-#include "kheap.h"
-#include "stddef.h"
-#include "paging.h"
-#include "syscall.h"
-#include "scheduler.h"
-
-//======== Permission flag for shmget ==========================================
-// or S_IRUGO from <linux/stat.h>.
-#define SHM_R      0400
-
-// or S_IWUGO from <linux/stat.h>.
-#define SHM_W      0200
-//==============================================================================
-
-//======== Flags for shmat =====================================================
-// Attach read-only else read-write.
-#define SHM_RDONLY 010000
-
-// Round attach address to SHMLBA.
-#define SHM_RND    020000
-
-// Take-over region on attach.
-#define SHM_REMAP  040000
-
-// Execution access.
-#define SHM_EXEC   0100000
-//==============================================================================
-
-//======== Commands for shmctl =================================================
-// Lock segment (root only).
-#define SHM_LOCK   11
-
-// Unlock segment (root only).
-#define SHM_UNLOCK 12
-//==============================================================================
-
-// Ipcs ctl commands.
-#define SHM_STAT   13
-
-#define SHM_INFO 14
-
-#define SHM_STAT_ANY  15
-
-//======== shm_mode upper byte flags ===========================================
-// segment will be destroyed on last detach.
-#define SHM_DEST      01000
-
-// Segment will not be swapped.
-#define SHM_LOCKED    02000
-
-// Segment is mapped via hugetlb.
-#define SHM_HUGETLB   04000
-
-// Don't check for reservations.
-#define SHM_NORESERVE 010000
-
-/// @@brief Syscall Service Routine: Shared memory control operation.
-int syscall_shmctl(int *args);
-
-/// @@brief Syscall Service Routine: Get shared memory segment.
-int syscall_shmget(int *args);
-
-/// @@brief Syscall Service Routine: Attach shared memory segment.
-void *syscall_shmat(int *args);
-
-/// @@brief Syscall  Service Routine: Detach shared memory segment.
-int syscall_shmdt(int *args);
-
-/// @@brief User Wrapper: Shared memory control operation.
-int shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);
-
-/// @@brief User Wrapper: Get shared memory segment.
-int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int flags);
-
-/// @@brief User Wrapper: Attach shared memory segment.
-void *shmat(int shmid, void *shmaddr, int flag);
-
-/// @@brief User Wrapper: Detach shared memory segment.
-int shmdt(void *shmaddr);
-
-/// @@brief Find shmid_ds on list.
-struct shmid_ds *find_shm_fromid(int shmid);
-
-/// @@brief Find shmid_ds on list.
-struct shmid_ds *find_shm_fromkey(key_t key);
-
-/// @@brief shmid_ds on list.
-struct shmid_ds *find_shm_fromvaddr(void *shmvaddr);
-
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __KERNEL__
-
-long sys_shmat(int shmid, char *shmaddr, int shmflg);
-
-long sys_shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int flag);
-
-long sys_shmdt(char *shmaddr);
-
-long sys_shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);
-
-#else
-
-long shmat(int shmid, char *shmaddr, int shmflg);
-
-long shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int flag);
-
-long shmdt(char *shmaddr);
-
-long shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);
-
-#endif

libc/inc/libgen.h

@@ -1,41 +1,29 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file libgen.h
 /// @brief String routines.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #include "stddef.h"
 
-// TODO: doxygen comment.
-/// @brief
-/// @param out
-/// @param cur
-/// @param sep
-/// @param max
-/// @result
-int parse_path(char *out, char **cur, char sep, size_t max);
+/// @brief Extracts the parent directory of the given path and saves it inside
+/// the given buffer, e.g., from "/home/user/test.txt" it extracts "/home/user".
+/// If the path does not contain a '/', it will return ".".
+/// @param path the path we are parsing.
+/// @param buffer the buffer where we save the directory name.
+/// @param buflen the length of the buffer.
+/// @return 1 if succesfull, or 0 if the buffer cannot contain the path.
+int dirname(const char *path, char *buffer, size_t buflen);
 
-// TODO: doxygen comment.
-/// @brief
-/// @param path
-/// @result
-char *dirname(const char *path);
-
-// TODO: doxygen comment.
-/// @brief
-/// @param path
-/// @result
-char *basename(const char *path);
+/// @brief Extract the component after the final '/'.
+/// @param path the path from which we extract the final component.
+/// @return a pointer after the final '/', or path itself it none was found.
+const char *basename(const char *path);
 
 /// @brief Return the canonicalized absolute pathname.
-/// @param path     The path we are canonicalizing.
-/// @param resolved The canonicalized path.
-/// @return
-/// If there is no error, realpath() returns a pointer to the resolved.
-/// Otherwise, it returns NULL, the contents of the array resolved
-/// are undefined, and errno is set to indicate the error.
-/// @details
-/// If resolved is NULL, then realpath() uses malloc
-/// to allocate a buffer of up to PATH_MAX bytes to hold the
-/// resolved pathname, and returns a pointer to this buffer.
-char *realpath(const char *path, char *resolved);
+/// @param path the path we are canonicalizing.
+/// @param buffer where we will store the canonicalized path.
+/// @param buflen the size of the buffer.
+/// @return If there is no error, realpath() returns a pointer to the buffer.
+/// Otherwise, it returns NULL, the contents of the array buffer are undefined,
+/// and errno is set to indicate the error.
+char *realpath(const char *path, char *buffer, size_t buflen);

libc/inc/limits.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file limits.h
 /// @brief OS numeric limits.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -54,5 +53,8 @@
 /// Maximum number of characters in a path name.
 #define PATH_MAX 4096
 
+/// Maximum length of arguments provided to exec function.
+#define ARG_MAX 256
+
 /// Maximum pid number.
 #define PID_MAX_LIMIT 32768

libc/inc/math.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file math.h
 /// @brief Mathematical constants and functions.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -18,6 +17,9 @@
 /// @brief The sign the the passed value.
 #define sign(x) ((x < 0) ? -1 : ((x > 0) ? 1 : 0))
 
+/// @brief Returns a rounded up, away from zero, to the nearest multiple of b.
+#define round_up(number, base) (((number) + (base)-1) & ~((base)-1))
+
 /// @brief e
 #define M_E 2.7182818284590452354
 

libc/inc/pwd.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file pwd.h
 /// @brief Contains the structure and functions for managing passwords.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/readline.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/// @file readline.h
+/// @brief
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// See LICENSE.md for details.
+
+#include "stddef.h"
+
+/// @brief Reads a line from the file.
+/// @param fd the file descriptor.
+/// @param buffer the buffer where we place the line.
+/// @param buflen the length of the buffer.
+/// @param readlen the amount we read, if negative, we did not encounter a newline.
+/// @return 0 if we are done reading, 1 if we encountered a newline, -1 if otherwise.
+int readline(int fd, char *buffer, size_t buflen, ssize_t *read_len);

libc/inc/ring_buffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/// @file ring_buffer.h
+/// @brief
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// See LICENSE.md for details.
+
+#pragma once
+
+/// @brief Declares a fixed-size ring-buffer.
+#define DECLARE_FIXED_SIZE_RING_BUFFER(type, name, length, init)                     \
+    typedef struct fs_rb_##name##_t {                                                \
+        unsigned size, read, write;                                                  \
+        type buffer[length];                                                         \
+    } fs_rb_##name##_t;                                                              \
+    static inline void fs_rb_##name##_init(fs_rb_##name##_t *rb)                     \
+    {                                                                                \
+        rb->size = length;                                                           \
+        rb->read = rb->write = 0;                                                    \
+        char *dst            = (char *)rb->buffer;                                   \
+        long num             = sizeof(type) * length;                                \
+        while (num--) *dst++ = (char)(init & 0xFF);                                  \
+    }                                                                                \
+    static inline unsigned fs_rb_##name##_step(fs_rb_##name##_t *rb, unsigned index) \
+    {                                                                                \
+        return (index == (rb->size - 1)) ? 0 : index + 1;                            \
+    }                                                                                \
+    static inline void fs_rb_##name##_push_front(fs_rb_##name##_t *rb, type item)    \
+    {                                                                                \
+        if (fs_rb_##name##_step(rb, rb->write) == rb->read)                          \
+            rb->read = fs_rb_##name##_step(rb, rb->read);                            \
+        rb->buffer[rb->write] = item;                                                \
+        rb->write             = fs_rb_##name##_step(rb, rb->write);                  \
+    }                                                                                \
+    static inline type fs_rb_##name##_empty(fs_rb_##name##_t *rb)                    \
+    {                                                                                \
+        return rb->write == rb->read;                                                \
+    }                                                                                \
+    static inline type fs_rb_##name##_pop_back(fs_rb_##name##_t *rb)                 \
+    {                                                                                \
+        type item = init;                                                            \
+        if (!fs_rb_##name##_empty(rb)) {                                             \
+            item     = rb->buffer[rb->read];                                         \
+            rb->read = fs_rb_##name##_step(rb, rb->read);                            \
+        }                                                                            \
+        return item;                                                                 \
+    }                                                                                \
+    static inline type fs_rb_##name##_pop_front(fs_rb_##name##_t *rb)                \
+    {                                                                                \
+        if (fs_rb_##name##_empty(rb))                                                \
+            return init;                                                             \
+        rb->write = (rb->write > 0) ? rb->write - 1 : rb->size - 1;                  \
+        return rb->buffer[rb->write];                                                \
+    }                                                                                \
+    static inline type fs_rb_##name##_get(fs_rb_##name##_t *rb, unsigned index)      \
+    {                                                                                \
+        if (index < rb->size)                                                        \
+            return rb->buffer[index];                                                \
+        return init;                                                                 \
+    }                                                                                \
+    static inline type fs_rb_##name##_back(fs_rb_##name##_t *rb)                     \
+    {                                                                                \
+        if (fs_rb_##name##_empty(rb))                                                \
+            return init;                                                             \
+        return rb->buffer[rb->read];                                                 \
+    }                                                                                \
+    static inline type fs_rb_##name##_front(fs_rb_##name##_t *rb)                    \
+    {                                                                                \
+        if (fs_rb_##name##_empty(rb))                                                \
+            return init;                                                             \
+        return rb->buffer[(rb->write > 0) ? rb->write - 1 : rb->size - 1];           \
+    }
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+/// Function for allocating memory for the ring buffer.
+#define RING_BUFFER_ALLOC kmalloc
+/// Function for freeing the memory for the ring buffer.
+#define RING_BUFFER_FREE  kfree
+#else
+/// Function for allocating memory for the ring buffer.
+#define RING_BUFFER_ALLOC malloc
+/// Function for freeing the memory for the ring buffer.
+#define RING_BUFFER_FREE  free
+#endif
+
+/// @brief Declares a dynamic-size ring-buffer.
+#define DECLARE_RING_BUFFER(type, name, init)                                                       \
+    typedef struct rb_##name##_t {                                                                  \
+        const unsigned size;                                                                        \
+        unsigned read, write;                                                                       \
+        type *buffer;                                                                               \
+    } rb_##name##_t;                                                                                \
+    static inline rb_##name##_t alloc_rb_##name(unsigned len)                                       \
+    {                                                                                               \
+        rb_##name##_t rb = { len, 0U, 0U, len > 0 ? RING_BUFFER_ALLOC(sizeof(type) * len) : NULL }; \
+        memset(rb.buffer, init, sizeof(type) * len);                                                \
+        return rb;                                                                                  \
+    }                                                                                               \
+    static inline void free_rb_##name(rb_##name##_t *rb)                                            \
+    {                                                                                               \
+        RING_BUFFER_FREE(rb->buffer);                                                               \
+    }                                                                                               \
+    static inline unsigned step_rb_##name(rb_##name##_t *rb, unsigned index)                        \
+    {                                                                                               \
+        return (index == (rb->size - 1)) ? 0 : index + 1;                                           \
+    }                                                                                               \
+    static inline void push_rb_##name(rb_##name##_t *rb, type item)                                 \
+    {                                                                                               \
+        if (step_rb_##name(rb, rb->write) == rb->read)                                              \
+            rb->read = step_rb_##name(rb, rb->read);                                                \
+        rb->buffer[rb->write] = item;                                                               \
+        rb->write             = step_rb_##name(rb, rb->write);                                      \
+    }                                                                                               \
+    static inline void pop_rb_##name(rb_##name##_t *rb, type *item)                                 \
+    {                                                                                               \
+        *item = init;                                                                               \
+        if (rb->write != rb->read) {                                                                \
+            *item    = rb->buffer[rb->read];                                                        \
+            rb->read = step_rb_##name(rb, rb->read);                                                \
+        }                                                                                           \
+    }                                                                                               \
+    static inline void get_rb_##name(rb_##name##_t *rb, unsigned index, type *item)                 \
+    {                                                                                               \
+        if (index < rb->size)                                                                       \
+            *item = rb->buffer[index];                                                              \
+    }
+
+#undef RING_BUFFER_ALLOC
+#undef RING_BUFFER_FREE

libc/inc/sched.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file sched.h
 /// @brief Structures and functions for managing the scheduler.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #include "sys/types.h"
@@ -22,8 +21,23 @@ typedef struct sched_param_t {
     bool_t is_periodic;
 } sched_param_t;
 
+/// @brief Sets scheduling parameters.
+/// @param pid pid of the process we want to change the parameters. If zero,
+/// then the parameters of the calling process are set.
+/// @param param The interpretation of the argument param depends on the
+/// scheduling policy of the thread identified by pid.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
 int sched_setparam(pid_t pid, const sched_param_t *param);
 
+/// @brief Gets scheduling parameters.
+/// @param pid pid of the process we want to retrieve the parameters. If zero,
+/// then the parameters of the calling process are returned.
+/// @param param The interpretation of the argument param depends on the
+/// scheduling policy of the thread identified by pid.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
 int sched_getparam(pid_t pid, sched_param_t *param);
 
-int waitperiod();
+/// @brief Placed at the end of an infinite while loop, stops the process until,
+/// its next period starts. The calling process must be a periodic one.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+int waitperiod(void);

libc/inc/signal.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file signal.h
 /// @brief Signals definition.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/stdarg.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file stdarg.h
 /// @brief Contains the macros required to manage variable number of arguments.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/stdbool.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file stdbool.h
 /// @brief Defines the boolean values.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/stddef.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file stddef.h
 /// @brief Define basic data types.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -69,3 +68,13 @@ typedef unsigned int pgprot_t;
 /// Returns the alignment, in bytes, of the specified type.
 #define alignof(type) offsetof( \
     struct { char c; type member; }, member)
+
+/// Counts the number of elements of an array.
+#define count_of(x) ((sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0])) / ((size_t)(!(sizeof(x) % sizeof((x)[0])))))
+
+#define swap(a, b)             \
+    do {                       \
+        typeof(a) temp = (a);  \
+        (a)            = (b);  \
+        (b)            = temp; \
+    } while (0)

libc/inc/stdint.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file stdint.h
 /// @brief Standard integer data-types.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/stdio.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file stdio.h
 /// @brief Standard I/0 functions.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -23,6 +22,7 @@
 #define SEEK_CUR 1 ///< The file offset is set to its current location plus offset bytes.
 #define SEEK_END 2 ///< The file offset is set to the size of the file plus offset bytes.
 
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
 /// @brief Writes the given character to the standard output (stdout).
 /// @param character The character to send to stdout.
 void putchar(int character);
@@ -30,18 +30,17 @@ void putchar(int character);
 /// @brief Writes the string pointed by str to the standard output (stdout)
 ///        and appends a newline character.
 /// @param str The string to send to stdout.
-void puts(char *str);
+void puts(const char *str);
 
 /// @brief Returns the next character from the standard input (stdin).
 /// @return The character received from stdin.
-int getchar();
+int getchar(void);
 
 /// @brief Reads characters from the standard input (stdin).
 /// @param str Where the characters are stored.
 /// @return The string received from standard input.
 char *gets(char *str);
 
-#ifndef __KERNEL__
 /// @brief Same as getchar but reads from the given file descriptor.
 /// @param fd The file descriptor from which it reads.
 /// @return The read character.
@@ -108,7 +107,6 @@ int vsprintf(char *str, const char *fmt, va_list args);
 /// @return On success, the function returns the number of items of the
 ///         argument list successfully filled. EOF otherwise.
 int scanf(const char *fmt, ...);
-#endif
 
 /// @brief Read formatted data from string.
 /// @param str String processed as source to retrieve the data.
@@ -118,7 +116,6 @@ int scanf(const char *fmt, ...);
 ///         argument list successfully filled. EOF otherwise.
 int sscanf(const char *str, const char *fmt, ...);
 
-#ifndef __KERNEL__
 /// @brief The same as sscanf but the source is a file.
 /// @param fd  The file descriptor associated with the file.
 /// @param fmt  Format string, following the same specifications as printf.
@@ -126,4 +123,8 @@ int sscanf(const char *str, const char *fmt, ...);
 /// @return On success, the function returns the number of items of the
 ///         argument list successfully filled. EOF otherwise.
 int fscanf(int fd, const char *fmt, ...);
-#endif
+#endif
+
+/// @brief Prints a system error message.
+/// @param s the message we prepend to the actual error message.
+void perror(const char *s);

libc/inc/stdlib.h

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file stdlib.h
 /// @brief Useful generic functions and macros.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
 
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+
 #include "stddef.h"
 
+#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0 ///< Successful execution of a program.
+#define EXIT_FAILURE 1 ///< Unsuccessful execution of a program.
+
 /// @brief Returns the number of usable bytes in the block pointed to by ptr.
 /// @param ptr The pointer for which we want to retrieve the usable size.
 /// @return The number of usable bytes in the block of allocated memory
@@ -39,19 +43,8 @@ void *realloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
 /// @param ptr The pointer to the allocated memory.
 void free(void *ptr);
 
-/// The maximum value returned by the rand function.
-#define RAND_MAX ((1U << 31U) - 1U)
-
-/// @brief Allows to set the seed of the random value generator.
-/// @param x The new seed.
-void srand(int x);
-
-/// @brief Generates a random value.
-/// @return The random value.
-int rand();
-
 /// @brief Cause an abnormal program termination with core-dump.
-void abort();
+void abort(void);
 
 /// @brief Tries to adds the variable to the environment.
 /// @param name      Name of the variable.
@@ -69,3 +62,38 @@ int unsetenv(const char *name);
 /// @param name Name of the variable.
 /// @return A pointer to the value, or NULL if there is no match.
 char *getenv(const char *name);
+
+#endif
+
+/// The maximum value returned by the rand function.
+#define RAND_MAX ((1U << 31U) - 1U)
+
+/// @brief Allows to set the seed of the random value generator.
+/// @param x The new seed.
+void srand(unsigned x);
+
+/// @brief Generates a random unsigned integer between 0 and RAND_MAX.
+/// @return the random value.
+unsigned rand(void);
+
+/// @brief Generates a random floating point number between 0 and 1.
+/// @return the random value.
+float randf(void);
+
+/// @brief Generates a random integer between lb and ub.
+/// @param lb the lower-bound value.
+/// @param ub the upper-bound value.
+/// @return the random value.
+int randint(int lb, int ub);
+
+/// @brief Generates a random unsigned between lb and ub.
+/// @param lb the lower-bound value.
+/// @param ub the upper-bound value.
+/// @return the random value.
+unsigned randuint(unsigned lb, unsigned ub);
+
+/// @brief Generates a random float between lb and ub.
+/// @param lb the lower-bound value.
+/// @param ub the upper-bound value.
+/// @return the random value.
+float randfloat(float lb, float ub);

libc/inc/strerror.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file strerror.h
 /// @brief Contains the function that transfornms an errno into a string.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/string.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file string.h
 /// @brief String routines.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -171,6 +170,15 @@ char *strtok(char *str, const char *delim);
 /// should be NULL, and saveptr should be unchanged since the previous call.
 char *strtok_r(char *str, const char *delim, char **saveptr);
 
+/// @brief Parses the string using the separator, and at each call it saves the
+/// parsed token in buffer. The pointer `string` will be modified.
+/// @param string cursor used to parse the string, it will be modified.
+/// @param separators the list of separators we are using.
+/// @param buffer the buffer where we save the parsed token.
+/// @param buflen the length of the buffer.
+/// @return 1 if we still have things to parse, 0 if we finished parsing.
+int tokenize(const char *string, char *separators, size_t *offset, char *buffer, ssize_t buflen);
+
 /// @brief Copies the values of num bytes from the location pointed by source
 /// to the memory block pointed by destination.
 /// @param dst Pointer to the destination array where the content is to be
@@ -308,4 +316,4 @@ char *replace_char(char *str, char find, char replace);
 ///        referenced by p.
 /// @param mode File mode that encodes access permissions and file type.
 /// @param p    Buffer used to hold the string representation of file mode m.
-void strmode(mode_t mode, char *p);
+void strmode(mode_t mode, char *p);

libc/inc/sys/bitops.h

@@ -1,41 +1,50 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file bitops.h
 /// @brief Bitmasks functions.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
 
-#define bit_set(V, B)          ((V) | (1U << (B)))   ///< Sets the given bit.
-#define bit_clear(V, B)        ((V) & ~(1U << (B)))  ///< Clears the given bit.
-#define bit_flip(V, B)         ((V) ^ (1U << (B)))   ///< Flips the given bit.
-#define bit_set_assign(V, B)   ((V) |= (1U << (B)))  ///< Sets the given bit, permanently.
-#define bit_clear_assign(V, B) ((V) &= ~(1U << (B))) ///< Clears the given bit, permanently.
-#define bit_flip_assign(V, B)  ((V) ^= (1U << (B)))  ///< Flips the given bit, permanently.
-#define bit_check(V, B)        ((V) & (1U << (B)))   ///< Checks if the given bit is 1.
+#define bit_set(V, B)              ((V) | (1U << (B)))                                   ///< Sets the given bit.
+#define bit_clear(V, B)            ((V) & ~(1U << (B)))                                  ///< Clears the given bit.
+#define bit_flip(V, B)             ((V) ^ (1U << (B)))                                   ///< Flips the given bit.
+#define bit_check(V, B)            ((V) & (1U << (B)))                                   ///< Checks if the given bit is 1.
+#define bit_toggle(V, B, C)        ((C) ? bit_set(V, B) : bit_clear(V, B))               ///< Sets the given bit based on control bit C.
+#define bit_set_assign(V, B)       ((V) |= (1U << (B)))                                  ///< Sets the given bit, permanently.
+#define bit_clear_assign(V, B)     ((V) &= ~(1U << (B)))                                 ///< Clears the given bit, permanently.
+#define bit_flip_assign(V, B)      ((V) ^= (1U << (B)))                                  ///< Flips the given bit, permanently.
+#define bit_toggle_assign(V, B, C) ((C) ? bit_set_assign(V, B) : bit_clear_assign(V, B)) ///< Sets the given bit based on control bit C.
 
 #define bitmask_set(V, M)          ((V) | (M))   ///< Sets the bits identified by the mask.
 #define bitmask_clear(V, M)        ((V) & ~(M))  ///< Clears the bits identified by the mask.
 #define bitmask_flip(V, M)         ((V) ^ (M))   ///< Flips the bits identified by the mask.
+#define bitmask_check(V, M)        ((V) & (M))   ///< Checks if the bits identified by the mask are all 1.
 #define bitmask_set_assign(V, M)   ((V) |= (M))  ///< Sets the bits identified by the mask, permanently.
 #define bitmask_clear_assign(V, M) ((V) &= ~(M)) ///< Clears the bits identified by the mask, permanently.
 #define bitmask_flip_assign(V, M)  ((V) ^= (M))  ///< Flips the bits identified by the mask, permanently.
-#define bitmask_check(V, M)        ((V) & (M))   ///< Checks if the bits identified by the mask are all 1.
 
 /// @brief Finds the first bit at zero, starting from the less significative bit.
+/// @param value the value we need to analyze.
+/// @return the position of the first zero bit.
 static inline int find_first_zero(unsigned long value)
 {
-    for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i)
-        if (!bit_check(value, i))
+    for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+        if (!bit_check(value, i)) {
             return i;
+        }
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
 /// @brief Finds the first bit not zero, starting from the less significative bit.
+/// @param value the value we need to analyze.
+/// @return the position of the first non-zero bit.
 static inline int find_first_non_zero(unsigned long value)
 {
-    for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i)
-        if (bit_check(value, i))
+    for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+        if (bit_check(value, i)) {
             return i;
+        }
+    }
     return 0;
-}
+}

libc/inc/sys/dirent.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file dirent.h
 /// @brief Functions used to manage directories.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -22,22 +21,23 @@ enum {
     DT_WHT     = 14
 };
 
+/// @brief Characters describing the direactory entry.
 static const char dt_char_array[] = {
     '?', // DT_UNKNOWN = 0,
-    'p', //DT_FIFO = 1,
-    'c', //DT_CHR  = 2,
+    'p', // DT_FIFO = 1,
+    'c', // DT_CHR  = 2,
     '*',
-    'd', //DT_DIR  = 4,
+    'd', // DT_DIR  = 4,
     '*',
-    'b', //DT_BLK  = 6,
+    'b', // DT_BLK  = 6,
     '*',
-    '-', //DT_REG  = 8,
+    '-', // DT_REG  = 8,
     '*',
-    'l', //DT_LNK  = 10,
+    'l', // DT_LNK  = 10,
     '*',
-    's', //DT_SOCK = 12,
+    's', // DT_SOCK = 12,
     '*',
-    '?', //DT_WHT  = 14
+    '?', // DT_WHT  = 14
 };
 
 /// Directory entry.
@@ -47,4 +47,4 @@ typedef struct dirent_t {
     unsigned short d_reclen; ///< Length of this linux_dirent.
     unsigned short d_type;   ///< type of the directory entry.
     char d_name[NAME_MAX];   ///< Filename (null-terminated)
-} dirent_t;
+} dirent_t;

libc/inc/sys/errno.h

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file errno.h
 /// @brief System call errors definition.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
 
-extern int *__geterrno();
+extern int *__geterrno(void);
 
 /// Provide easy access to the error number.
 #define errno (*__geterrno())
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ extern int *__geterrno();
 #define ENOEXEC         8 ///< Exec format error.
 #define EBADF           9 ///< Bad file number.
 #define ECHILD          10 ///< No child processes.
-#define EAGAIN          11 ///< Try again.
+#define EAGAIN          11 ///< Resource temporarily unavailable.
 #define ENOMEM          12 ///< Out of memory.
 #define EACCES          13 ///< Permission denied.
 #define EFAULT          14 ///< Bad address.

libc/inc/sys/ioctl.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file ioctl.h
 /// @brief Input/Output ConTroL (IOCTL) functions.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -12,4 +11,4 @@
 /// @param request The device-dependent request code
 /// @param data    An untyped pointer to memory.
 /// @return Return value depends on REQUEST. Usually -1 indicates error.
-int ioctl(int fd, unsigned long int request, void *data);
+int ioctl(int fd, unsigned long int request, void *data);

libc/inc/sys/ipc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/// @file ipc.h
+/// @brief Inter-Process Communication (IPC) structures.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// See LICENSE.md for details.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "sys/types.h"
+#include "stddef.h"
+
+#define IPC_CREAT  01000 ///< Create key if key does not exist.
+#define IPC_EXCL   02000 ///< Fail if key exists.
+#define IPC_NOWAIT 04000 ///< Return error on wait.
+#define IPC_RMID   0     ///< Remove identifier.
+#define IPC_SET    1     ///< Set `ipc_perm' options.
+#define IPC_STAT   2     ///< Get `ipc_perm' options.
+#define IPC_INFO   3     ///< See ipcs.
+
+#define IPC_PRIVATE ((key_t)0) ///< assures getting a new ipc_key.
+
+/// @brief Permission details of an IPC object.
+struct ipc_perm {
+    /// Key associated to the IPC.
+    key_t key;
+    /// Effective UID of owner.
+    uid_t uid;
+    /// Effective GID of owner.
+    gid_t gid;
+    /// Effective UID of creator.
+    uid_t cuid;
+    /// Effective GID of creator.
+    gid_t cgid;
+    /// Permissions.
+    unsigned short mode;
+    /// Sequence number.
+    unsigned short __seq;
+};
+
+/// @brief Returns a possible IPC key based upon the filepath and the id.
+/// @param path The file path.
+/// @param id the project id.
+/// @return the IPC key.
+key_t ftok(char *path, int id);

libc/inc/sys/kernel_levels.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/// @file   kernel_levels.h
+/// @brief
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// See LICENSE.md for details.
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Integer equivalents of KERN_<LEVEL>
+#define LOGLEVEL_DEFAULT (-1) ///< default-level messages.
+#define LOGLEVEL_EMERG   0    ///< system is unusable.
+#define LOGLEVEL_ALERT   1    ///< action must be taken immediately.
+#define LOGLEVEL_CRIT    2    ///< critical conditions.
+#define LOGLEVEL_ERR     3    ///< error conditions.
+#define LOGLEVEL_WARNING 4    ///< warning conditions.
+#define LOGLEVEL_NOTICE  5    ///< normal but significant condition.
+#define LOGLEVEL_INFO    6    ///< informational.
+#define LOGLEVEL_DEBUG   7    ///< debug-level messages.

libc/inc/sys/list_head.h

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/// @file list_head.h
+/// @brief
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// See LICENSE.md for details.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "stddef.h"
+
+/// @brief Structure used to implement the list_head data structure.
+typedef struct list_head {
+    /// @brief The previous element.
+    struct list_head *prev;
+    /// @brief The subsequent element.
+    struct list_head *next;
+} list_head;
+
+/// @brief Get the struct for this entry.
+/// @param ptr    The &list_head pointer.
+/// @param type   The type of the struct this is embedded in.
+/// @param member The name of the list_head within the struct.
+#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) container_of(ptr, type, member)
+
+/// @brief Iterates over a list.
+/// @param pos the name of the iterator used to visit the list.
+/// @param head the head for your list.
+#define list_for_each(pos, head) \
+    for ((pos) = (head)->next; (pos) != (head); (pos) = (pos)->next)
+
+/// @brief Iterates over a list safe against removal of list entry.
+/// @param pos the name of the iterator used to visit the list.
+/// @param store another list iterator to use as temporary storage.
+/// @param head the head for your list.
+#define list_for_each_safe(pos, store, head)                           \
+    for ((pos) = (head)->next, (store) = (pos)->next; (pos) != (head); \
+         (pos) = (store), (store) = (pos)->next)
+
+/// @brief Iterates over a list, but declares the iterator.
+/// @param pos the name of the iterator used to visit the list.
+/// @param head the head for your list.
+#define list_for_each_decl(pos, head) \
+    for (list_head * (pos) = (head)->next; (pos) != (head); (pos) = (pos)->next)
+
+/// @brief Iterates over a list backwards.
+/// @param pos the name of the iterator used to visit the list.
+/// @param head the head for your list.
+#define list_for_each_prev(pos, head) \
+    for ((pos) = (head)->prev; (pos) != (head); (pos) = (pos)->prev)
+
+/// @brief Iterates over a list backwards, but declares the iterator.
+/// @param pos the name of the iterator used to visit the list.
+/// @param head the head for your list.
+#define list_for_each_prev_decl(pos, head) \
+    for (list_head * (pos) = (head)->prev; (pos) != (head); (pos) = (pos)->prev)
+
+/// @brief Initializes the list_head.
+/// @param head The head of your list.
+static inline void list_head_init(list_head *head)
+{
+    head->next = head->prev = head;
+}
+
+/// @brief Tests whether the given list is empty.
+/// @param head The list to check.
+/// @return 1 if empty, 0 otherwise.
+static inline int list_head_empty(const list_head *head)
+{
+    return head->next == head;
+}
+
+/// @brief Computes the size of the list.
+/// @param head The head of the list.
+/// @return the size of the list.
+static inline unsigned list_head_size(const list_head *head)
+{
+    unsigned size = 0;
+    if (!list_head_empty(head)) {
+        list_for_each_decl(it, head) size += 1;
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
+/// @brief Insert the new entry after the given location.
+/// @param new_entry the new element we want to insert.
+/// @param location the element after which we insert.
+static inline void list_head_insert_after(list_head *new_entry, list_head *location)
+{
+    // We store the old `next` element.
+    list_head *old_next = location->next;
+    // We insert our element.
+    location->next = new_entry;
+    // We update the `previous` link of our new entry.
+    new_entry->prev = location;
+    // We update the `next` link of our new entry.
+    new_entry->next = old_next;
+    // We link the previously `next` element to our new entry.
+    old_next->prev = new_entry;
+}
+
+/// @brief Insert the new entry before the given location.
+/// @param new_entry the new element we want to insert.
+/// @param location the element after which we insert.
+static inline void list_head_insert_before(list_head *new_entry, list_head *location)
+{
+    // We store the old `previous` element.
+    list_head *old_prev = location->prev;
+    // We link the old `previous` element to our new entry.
+    old_prev->next = new_entry;
+    // We update the `previous` link of our new entry.
+    new_entry->prev = old_prev;
+    // We update the `next` link of our new entry.
+    new_entry->next = location;
+    // Finally, we close the link with the old insertion location element.
+    location->prev = new_entry;
+}
+
+/// @brief Removes the given entry from the list it is contained in.
+/// @param entry the entry we want to remove.
+static inline void list_head_remove(list_head *entry)
+{
+    // Check if the element is actually in a list.
+    if (!list_head_empty(entry)) {
+        // We link the `previous` element to the `next` one.
+        entry->prev->next = entry->next;
+        // We link the `next` element to the `previous` one.
+        entry->next->prev = entry->prev;
+        // We initialize the entry again.
+        list_head_init(entry);
+    }
+}
+
+/// @brief Removes an element from the list, it's used when we have a possibly
+/// null list pointer and want to pop an element from it.
+/// @param head the head of the list.
+/// @return a list_head pointing to the element we removed, NULL on failure.
+static inline list_head *list_head_pop(list_head *head)
+{
+    // Check if the list is not empty.
+    if (!list_head_empty(head)) {
+        // Store the pointer.
+        list_head *value = head->next;
+        // Remove the element from the list.
+        list_head_remove(head->next);
+        // Return the pointer to the element.
+        return value;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/// @brief Append the `secondary` list at the end of the `main` list.
+/// @param main the main list where we append the secondary list.
+/// @param secondary the secondary list, which gets appended, and re-initialized as empty.
+static inline void list_head_append(list_head *main, list_head *secondary)
+{
+    // Check that both lists are actually filled with entries.
+    if (!list_head_empty(main) && !list_head_empty(secondary)) {
+        // Connect the last element of the main list to the first one of the secondary list.
+        main->prev->next = secondary->next;
+        // Connect the first element of the secondary list to the last one of the main list.
+        secondary->next->prev = main->prev;
+
+        // Connect the last element of the secondary list to our main.
+        secondary->prev->next = main;
+        // Connect our main to the last element of the secondary list.
+        main->prev = secondary->prev;
+
+        // Re-initialize the secondary list.
+        list_head_init(secondary);
+    }
+}
+
+/// @brief Replaces entry1 with entry2, entry1 will be removed from the list.
+/// @param entry1 the first entry to remove.
+/// @param entry2 the second entry which will take the place of the first entry.
+static inline void list_head_replace(list_head *entry1, list_head *entry2)
+{
+    // First we need to remove the second entry.
+    list_head_remove(entry2);
+    // Then, we can place second entry where the first entry is.
+    entry2->next       = entry1->next;
+    entry2->next->prev = entry2;
+    entry2->prev       = entry1->prev;
+    entry2->prev->next = entry2;
+    // Re-initialize the first entry.
+    list_head_init(entry1);
+}
+
+/// @brief Swaps entry1 and entry2 inside the list.
+/// @param entry1 the first entry.
+/// @param entry2 the second entry.
+static inline void list_head_swap(list_head *entry1, list_head *entry2)
+{
+    list_head *pos = entry2->prev;
+    list_head_replace(entry1, entry2);
+    if (pos == entry1) {
+        pos = entry2;
+    }
+    list_head_insert_after(entry1, pos);
+}

libc/inc/sys/list_head_algorithm.h

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/// @file list_head_algorithm.h
+/// @author Enrico Fraccaroli (enry.frak@gmail.com)
+/// @brief Some general algorithm that might come in handy while using list_head.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// See LICENSE.md for details.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "list_head.h"
+
+/// @brief list_head comparison function.
+typedef int (*list_head_compare)(const list_head *, const list_head *);
+
+/// @brief -
+/// @param list
+/// @param compare
+static inline void list_head_sort(list_head *list, list_head_compare compare)
+{
+    list_head *current = NULL, *index = NULL, *next = NULL;
+    // Check whether list is empty
+    if (!list_head_empty(list)) {
+        // Keeps track if we need to restart the outer loop.
+        int restart = 0;
+        // Current will point to head
+        for (current = list->next; current->next != list;) {
+            // Save pointer to next.
+            next = current->next;
+            // Reset restart flag.
+            restart = 0;
+            // Index will point to node next to current
+            for (index = current->next; index != list; index = index->next) {
+                // If current's data is greater than index's data, swap the data of
+                // current and index
+                if (compare(current, index)) {
+                    list_head_swap(index, current);
+                    restart = 1;
+                }
+            }
+            // Check if we need to restart.
+            if (restart) {
+                current = list->next;
+            } else {
+                current = next;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

libc/inc/sys/mman.h

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/// @file mman.h
+/// @author Enrico Fraccaroli (enry.frak@gmail.com)
+/// @brief Functions for managing mappings in virtual address space.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// See LICENSE.md for details.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "stddef.h"
+
+#define PROT_READ  0x1 ///< Page can be read.
+#define PROT_WRITE 0x2 ///< Page can be written.
+#define PROT_EXEC  0x4 ///< Page can be executed.
+
+#define MAP_SHARED  0x01 ///< The memory is shared.
+#define MAP_PRIVATE 0x02 ///< The memory is private.
+
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+
+void *mmap(void *addr, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset);
+
+int munmap(void *addr, size_t length);
+
+#else
+
+void *sys_mmap(void *addr, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset);
+
+int sys_munmap(void *addr, size_t length);
+
+#endif

libc/inc/sys/msg.h

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/// @file msg.h
+/// @brief Definition of structure for managing message queues.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// See LICENSE.md for details.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "sys/ipc.h"
+#include "stddef.h"
+#include "sys/types.h"
+#include "time.h"
+
+/// The maximum size for a message text.
+#define MSGMAX 8192
+/// The default maximum size in bytes of a message queue.
+#define MSGMNB 16384
+
+/// Specify that we should not treat as an error if the message we are trying to
+/// return to the user, is too big. That message will be truncated to fit the
+/// user-defined reading buffer. If not specified, the message is kept in the
+/// queue, and an error is returned.
+#define MSG_NOERROR 010000
+
+/// @brief Buffer to use with the message queue IPC.
+struct msgbuf {
+    /// Type of the message.
+    long mtype;
+    /// Text of the message.
+    char mtext[1];
+};
+
+/// Keeps track of a stored message.
+struct msg {
+    /// Pointer to the next message on queue.
+    struct msg *msg_next;
+    /// The type of message.
+    long msg_type;
+    /// Pointer to the beginning of the message.
+    char *msg_ptr;
+    /// The length of the message.
+    size_t msg_size;
+};
+
+/// @brief Message queue data structure.
+struct msqid_ds {
+    /// Ownership and permissions.
+    struct ipc_perm msg_perm;
+    /// Time of last msgsnd(2).
+    time_t msg_stime;
+    /// Time of last msgrcv(2).
+    time_t msg_rtime;
+    /// Time of creation or last modification by msgctl().
+    time_t msg_ctime;
+    /// Number of bytes in queue.
+    unsigned short msg_cbytes;
+    /// Number of messages in queue.
+    unsigned short msg_qnum;
+    /// Maximum number of bytes in queue.
+    unsigned short msg_qbytes;
+    /// PID of last msgsnd(2).
+    pid_t msg_lspid;
+    /// PID of last msgrcv(2).
+    pid_t msg_lrpid;
+};
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+/// @brief Initializes the message queue system.
+/// @return 0 on success, 1 on failure.
+int msq_init(void);
+
+/// @brief Get a System V message queue identifier.
+/// @param key can be used either to obtain the identifier of a previously
+/// created message queue, or to create a new set.
+/// @param msgflg controls the behaviour of the function.
+/// @return the message queue identifier, -1 on failure, and errno is set to
+/// indicate the error.
+int sys_msgget(key_t key, int msgflg);
+
+/// @brief Used to send messages.
+/// @param msqid the message queue identifier.
+/// @param msgp points to a used-defined msgbuf.
+/// @param msgsz specifies the size in bytes of mtext.
+/// @param msgflg specifies the action to be taken in case of specific events.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+int sys_msgsnd(int msqid, const void *msgp, size_t msgsz, int msgflg);
+
+/// @brief Used to receive messages.
+/// @param msqid the message queue identifier.
+/// @param msgp points to a used-defined msgbuf.
+/// @param msgsz specifies the size in bytes of mtext.
+/// @param msgtyp specifies the type of message requested, as follows:
+/// - msgtyp == 0: the first message on the queue is received.
+/// - msgtyp  > 0: the first message of type, msgtyp, is received.
+/// - msgtyp  < 0: the first message of the lowest type that is less than or
+///                equal to the absolute value of msgtyp is received.
+/// @param msgflg specifies the action to be taken in case of specific events.
+/// @return the number of bytes actually copied on success, -1 on failure and
+/// errno is set to indicate the error.
+ssize_t sys_msgrcv(int msqid, void *msgp, size_t msgsz, long msgtyp, int msgflg);
+
+/// @brief Message queue control operations.
+/// @param msqid the message queue identifier.
+/// @param cmd The command to perform.
+/// @param buf used with IPC_STAT and IPC_SET.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+int sys_msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, struct msqid_ds *buf);
+
+#else
+
+/// @brief Get a System V message queue identifier.
+/// @param key can be used either to obtain the identifier of a previously
+/// created message queue, or to create a new set.
+/// @param msgflg controls the behaviour of the function.
+/// @return the message queue identifier, -1 on failure, and errno is set to
+/// indicate the error.
+int msgget(key_t key, int msgflg);
+
+/// @brief Used to send messages.
+/// @param msqid the message queue identifier.
+/// @param msgp points to a used-defined msgbuf.
+/// @param msgsz specifies the size in bytes of mtext.
+/// @param msgflg specifies the action to be taken in case of specific events.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+int msgsnd(int msqid, const void *msgp, size_t msgsz, int msgflg);
+
+/// @brief Used to receive messages.
+/// @param msqid the message queue identifier.
+/// @param msgp points to a used-defined msgbuf.
+/// @param msgsz specifies the size in bytes of mtext.
+/// @param msgtyp specifies the type of message requested, as follows:
+/// - msgtyp == 0: the first message on the queue is received.
+/// - msgtyp  > 0: the first message of type, msgtyp, is received.
+/// - msgtyp  < 0: the first message of the lowest type that is less than or
+///                equal to the absolute value of msgtyp is received.
+/// @param msgflg specifies the action to be taken in case of specific events.
+/// @return the number of bytes actually copied on success, -1 on failure and
+/// errno is set to indicate the error.
+ssize_t msgrcv(int msqid, void *msgp, size_t msgsz, long msgtyp, int msgflg);
+
+/// @brief Message queue control operations.
+/// @param msqid the message queue identifier.
+/// @param cmd The command to perform.
+/// @param buf used with IPC_STAT and IPC_SET.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+int msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, struct msqid_ds *buf);
+
+#endif

libc/inc/sys/reboot.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file reboot.h
 /// @brief Defines the values required to issue a reboot.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/sys/sem.h

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/// @file sem.h
+/// @brief Definition of structure for managing semaphores.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// See LICENSE.md for details.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "sys/types.h"
+#include "stddef.h"
+#include "sys/ipc.h"
+#include "time.h"
+
+#define SEM_UNDO 0x1000 ///< Undo the operation on exit.
+
+/// @defgroup SemaphoreCommands semctl commands
+/// @brief List of commands for semctl function.
+/// @{
+
+#define GETPID   11 ///< Get sempid.
+#define GETVAL   12 ///< Get semval.
+#define GETALL   13 ///< Get all semval's.
+#define GETNCNT  14 ///< Get semncnt.
+#define GETZCNT  15 ///< Get semzcnt.
+#define SETVAL   16 ///< Set semval.
+#define SETALL   17 ///< Set all semval's.
+#define SEM_STAT 18 ///< Return a semid_ds structure.
+#define SEM_INFO 19 ///< Return a seminfo structure.
+
+/// }@
+
+#define SEM_SET_MAX 256
+
+/// @brief Optional argument for semctl() function
+union semun {
+    /// @brief Value for SETVAL.
+    int val;
+    /// @brief Buffer for IPC_STAT & IPC_SET.
+    struct semid_ds *buf;
+    /// @brief Array for GETALL & SETALL.
+    unsigned short *array;
+    /// @brief Buffer for IPC_INFO.
+    struct seminfo *__buf;
+};
+
+/// @brief Single Semaphore.
+struct sem {
+    /// @brief Process ID of the last operation.
+    pid_t sem_pid;
+    /// @brief Semaphore Value.
+    unsigned short sem_val;
+    /// @brief Number of processes waiting for the semaphore.
+    unsigned short sem_ncnt;
+    /// @brief Number of processes waiting for the value to become 0.
+    unsigned short sem_zcnt;
+};
+
+/// @brief Semaphore set
+struct semid_ds {
+    /// @brief Ownership and permissions.
+    struct ipc_perm sem_perm;
+    /// @brief Last semop time.
+    time_t sem_otime;
+    /// @brief Last change time.
+    time_t sem_ctime;
+    /// @brief Number of semaphores in set.
+    unsigned short sem_nsems;
+};
+
+/// @brief Buffer to use with the semaphore IPC.
+struct sembuf {
+    /// @brief Semaphore index in array.
+    unsigned short sem_num;
+    /// @brief Semaphore operation.
+    short sem_op;
+    /// @brief Operation flags.
+    short sem_flg;
+};
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+/// @brief Initializes the semaphore system.
+/// @return 0 on success, 1 on failure.
+int sem_init(void);
+
+/// @brief Get a System V semaphore set identifier.
+/// @param key can be used either to obtain the identifier of a previously
+/// created semaphore set, or to create a new set.
+/// @param nsems number of semaphores.
+/// @param semflg controls the behaviour of the function.
+/// @return the semaphore set identifier, -1 on failure, and errno is set to
+/// indicate the error.
+long sys_semget(key_t key, int nsems, int semflg);
+
+/// @brief Performs operations on selected semaphores in the set.
+/// @param semid the semaphore set identifier.
+/// @param sops specifies operations to be performed on single semaphores.
+/// @param nsops number of operations.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+long sys_semop(int semid, struct sembuf *sops, unsigned nsops);
+
+/// @brief Performs control operations on a semaphore set.
+/// @param semid the semaphore set identifier.
+/// @param semnum the n-th semaphore of the set on which we perform the operations.
+/// @param cmd the command to perform.
+/// @param arg
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+long sys_semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, union semun *arg);
+
+#else
+
+/// @brief Get a System V semaphore set identifier.
+/// @param key can be used either to obtain the identifier of a previously
+/// created semaphore set, or to create a new set.
+/// @param nsems number of semaphores.
+/// @param semflg controls the behaviour of the function.
+/// @return the semaphore set identifier, -1 on failure, and errno is set to
+/// indicate the error.
+long semget(key_t key, int nsems, int semflg);
+
+/// @brief Performs operations on selected semaphores in the set.
+/// @param semid the semaphore set identifier.
+/// @param sops specifies operations to be performed on single semaphores.
+/// @param nsops number of operations.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+long semop(int semid, struct sembuf *sops, unsigned nsops);
+
+/// @brief Performs control operations on a semaphore set.
+/// @param semid the semaphore set identifier.
+/// @param semnum the n-th semaphore of the set on which we perform the operations.
+/// @param cmd the command to perform.
+/// @param arg
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+long semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, union semun *arg);
+
+#endif

libc/inc/sys/shm.h

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/// @file shm.h
+/// @brief Definition of structure for managing shared memories.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// See LICENSE.md for details.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "sys/types.h"
+#include "stddef.h"
+#include "sys/ipc.h"
+#include "time.h"
+
+/// Data type for storing the number of attaches.
+typedef unsigned long shmatt_t;
+
+/// @brief Shared memory data structure.
+struct shmid_ds {
+    /// Operation permission struct.
+    struct ipc_perm shm_perm;
+    /// Size of segment in bytes.
+    size_t shm_segsz;
+    /// Time of last attach.
+    time_t shm_atime;
+    /// Time of last detach.
+    time_t shm_dtime;
+    /// Time of last change.
+    time_t shm_ctime;
+    /// Pid of creator.
+    pid_t shm_cpid;
+    /// Pid of last operator.
+    pid_t shm_lpid;
+    /// Number of current attaches.
+    shmatt_t shm_nattch;
+};
+
+#if 0
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "time.h"
+#include "kheap.h"
+#include "stddef.h"
+#include "paging.h"
+#include "syscall.h"
+#include "scheduler.h"
+
+//======== Permission flag for shmget ==========================================
+// or S_IRUGO from <linux/stat.h>.
+#define SHM_R      0400
+
+// or S_IWUGO from <linux/stat.h>.
+#define SHM_W      0200
+//==============================================================================
+
+//======== Commands for shmctl =================================================
+// Lock segment (root only).
+#define SHM_LOCK   11
+
+// Unlock segment (root only).
+#define SHM_UNLOCK 12
+//==============================================================================
+
+// Ipcs ctl commands.
+#define SHM_STAT   13
+
+#define SHM_INFO 14
+
+#define SHM_STAT_ANY  15
+
+//======== shm_mode upper byte flags ===========================================
+// segment will be destroyed on last detach.
+#define SHM_DEST      01000
+
+// Segment will not be swapped.
+#define SHM_LOCKED    02000
+
+// Segment is mapped via hugetlb.
+#define SHM_HUGETLB   04000
+
+// Don't check for reservations.
+#define SHM_NORESERVE 010000
+
+#endif
+
+#define SHM_RDONLY 010000  ///< Attach read-only else read-write.
+#define SHM_RND    020000  ///< Round attach address to SHMLBA.
+#define SHM_REMAP  040000  ///< Take-over region on attach.
+#define SHM_EXEC   0100000 ///< Execution access.
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+/// @brief Initializes the shared memory.
+/// @return 0 on success, 1 on failure.
+int shm_init(void);
+
+/// @brief Get a System V shared memory identifier.
+/// @param key can be used either to obtain the identifier of a previously
+/// created shared memory, or to create a new one.
+/// @param size of the shared memory, rounded up to a multiple of PAGE_SIZE.
+/// @param shmflg controls the behaviour of the function.
+/// @return the shared memory identifier, -1 on failure, and errno is set to
+/// indicate the error.
+long sys_shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg);
+
+/// @brief Attaches the shared memory segment identified by shmid to the address
+/// space of the calling process.
+/// @param shmid the shared memory identifier.
+/// @param shmaddr the attaching address.
+/// @param shmflg controls the behaviour of the function.
+/// @return returns the address of the attached shared memory segment; on error
+/// (void *) -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.
+void *sys_shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg);
+
+/// @brief Detaches the shared memory segment located at the address specified
+/// by shmaddr from the address space of the calling process
+/// @param shmaddr the address of the shared memory segment.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+long sys_shmdt(const void *shmaddr);
+
+/// @brief Performs the control operation specified by cmd on the shared memory
+/// segment whose identifier is given in shmid.
+/// @param shmid the shared memory identifier.
+/// @param cmd the command to perform.
+/// @param buf is a pointer to a shmid_ds structure.
+/// @return a non-negative value basedon on the requested operation, -1 on
+/// failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+long sys_shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);
+
+#else
+
+/// @brief Get a System V shared memory identifier.
+/// @param key can be used either to obtain the identifier of a previously
+/// created shared memory, or to create a new one.
+/// @param size of the shared memory, rounded up to a multiple of PAGE_SIZE.
+/// @param shmflg controls the behaviour of the function.
+/// @return the shared memory identifier, -1 on failure, and errno is set to
+/// indicate the error.
+long shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg);
+
+/// @brief Attaches the shared memory segment identified by shmid to the address
+/// space of the calling process.
+/// @param shmid the shared memory identifier.
+/// @param shmaddr the attaching address.
+/// @param shmflg controls the behaviour of the function.
+/// @return returns the address of the attached shared memory segment; on error
+/// (void *) -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.
+void *shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg);
+
+/// @brief Detaches the shared memory segment located at the address specified
+/// by shmaddr from the address space of the calling process
+/// @param shmaddr the address of the shared memory segment.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+long shmdt(const void *shmaddr);
+
+/// @brief Performs the control operation specified by cmd on the shared memory
+/// segment whose identifier is given in shmid.
+/// @param shmid the shared memory identifier.
+/// @param cmd the command to perform.
+/// @param buf is a pointer to a shmid_ds structure.
+/// @return a non-negative value basedon on the requested operation, -1 on
+/// failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
+long shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);
+
+#endif

libc/inc/sys/stat.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file stat.h
 /// @brief Stat functions.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
@@ -32,4 +31,12 @@ int mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode);
 /// @brief Removes the given directory.
 /// @param path The path to the directory to remove.
 /// @return Returns a negative value on failure.
-int rmdir(const char *path);
+int rmdir(const char *path);
+
+/// @brief Creates a new file or rewrite an existing one.
+/// @param path path to the file.
+/// @param mode mode for file creation.
+/// @return file descriptor number, -1 otherwise and errno is set to indicate the error.
+/// @details
+/// It is equivalent to: open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, mode)
+int creat(const char *path, mode_t mode);

libc/inc/sys/types.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file types.h
 /// @brief Collection of Kernel datatype
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/sys/unistd.h

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file unistd.h
 /// @brief Functions used to manage files.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once
 
 #include "sys/types.h"
-#include "sys/dirent.h"
 #include "stddef.h"
+#include "sys/dirent.h"
 
 #define STDIN_FILENO  0 ///< Standard input.
 #define STDOUT_FILENO 1 ///< Standard output.
@@ -26,16 +25,13 @@ ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes);
 /// @param buf    The buffer collecting data to written.
 /// @param nbytes The number of bytes to write.
 /// @return       The number of written bytes.
-ssize_t write(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes);
+ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes);
 
-/// @brief          Opens the file specified by pathname.
+/// @brief Opens the file specified by pathname.
 /// @param pathname A pathname for a file.
-/// @param flags    Used to set the file status flags and file access modes
-///                 of the open file description.
-/// @param mode     Specifies the file mode bits be applied when a new file
-///                 is created.
-/// @return         Returns a file descriptor, a small, nonnegative integer for
-///                 use in subsequent system calls.
+/// @param flags file status flags and file access modes of the open file description.
+/// @param mode the file mode bits be applied when a new file is created.
+/// @return file descriptor number, -1 otherwise and errno is set to indicate the error.
 int open(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode);
 
 /// @brief Close a file descriptor.
@@ -58,13 +54,26 @@ off_t lseek(int fd, off_t offset, int whence);
 /// @return
 int unlink(const char *path);
 
+/// @brief Creates a symbolic link.
+/// @param linkname the name of the link.
+/// @param path the entity it is linking to.
+/// @return 0 on success, a negative number if fails and errno is set.
+int symlink(const char *linkname, const char *path);
+
+/// @brief Read the symbolic link, if present.
+/// @param file the file for which we want to read the symbolic link information.
+/// @param buffer the buffer where we will store the symbolic link path.
+/// @param bufsize the size of the buffer.
+/// @return The number of read characters on success, -1 otherwise and errno is set to indicate the error.
+int readlink(const char *path, char *buffer, size_t bufsize);
+
 /// @brief Wrapper for exit system call.
 /// @param status The exit status.
 extern void exit(int status);
 
 /// @brief Returns the process ID (PID) of the calling process.
 /// @return pid_t process identifier.
-extern pid_t getpid();
+extern pid_t getpid(void);
 
 ///@brief  Return session id of the given process.
 ///        If pid == 0 return the SID of the calling process
@@ -82,11 +91,24 @@ extern pid_t getsid(pid_t pid);
 ///       is made the same as its process ID).
 ///@return On success return SID of the session just created
 ///        Otherwise return -1 with errno : EPERM 
-extern pid_t setsid();
+extern pid_t setsid(void);
+
+///@brief returns the Process Group ID (PGID) of the process specified by pid.
+/// If pid is zero, the process ID of the calling process is used.
+/// @param pid process of which we want to know the PGID.
+/// @return the PGID of the specified process.
+pid_t getpgid(pid_t pid);
+
+/// @brief Sets the Process Group ID (PGID) of the process specified by pid.
+/// If pid is zero, the process ID of the calling process is used.
+/// @param pid process of which we want to set the PGID.
+/// @param pgid the PGID we want to set.
+/// @return returns zero. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.
+int setpgid(pid_t pid, pid_t pgid);
 
 ///@brief returns the group ID of the calling process.
 ///@return GID of the current process
-extern pid_t getgid();
+extern pid_t getgid(void);
 
 ///@brief sets the effective group ID of the calling process.
 ///@param pid process identifier to 
@@ -94,16 +116,26 @@ extern pid_t getgid();
 ///        Otherwise returns -1 with errno set to :EINVAL or EPERM  
 extern int setgid(pid_t pid);
 
+///@brief Returns the User ID of the calling process.
+///@return User ID of the current process.
+extern uid_t getuid(void);
+
+///@brief Sets the effective User ID of the calling process.
+///@param uid the new User ID.
+///@return On success, zero is returned.
+///        Otherwise returns -1 with errno set to :EINVAL or EPERM  
+extern int setuid(uid_t uid);
+
 /// @brief Returns the parent process ID (PPID) of the calling process.
 /// @return pid_t parent process identifier.
-extern pid_t getppid();
+extern pid_t getppid(void);
 
 /// @brief Clone the calling process, but without copying the whole address space.
 ///        The calling process is suspended until the new process exits or is
 ///        replaced by a call to `execve'.
 /// @return Return -1 for errors, 0 to the new process, and the process ID of
 ///         the new process to the old process.
-extern pid_t fork();
+extern pid_t fork(void);
 
 /// @brief Replaces the current process image with a new process image (argument list).
 /// @param path The absolute path to the binary file to execute.
@@ -203,11 +235,13 @@ char *getcwd(char *buf, size_t size);
 
 /// @brief Changes the current working directory to the given path.
 /// @param path The new current working directory.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
 int chdir(char const *path);
 
 /// @brief Is identical to chdir(), the only difference is that the
 ///        directory is given as an open file descriptor.
 /// @param fd The file descriptor of the open directory.
+/// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
 int fchdir(int fd);
 
 /// Provide access to the directory entries.
@@ -217,7 +251,12 @@ int fchdir(int fd);
 /// @return On success, the number of bytes read is returned.  On end of
 ///         directory, 0 is returned.  On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set
 ///         appropriately.
-int getdents(int fd, dirent_t *dirp, unsigned int count);
+ssize_t getdents(int fd, dirent_t *dirp, unsigned int count);
 
 /// @brief Send signal to calling thread after desired seconds.
-int alarm(int seconds);
+/// @param seconds the amount of seconds.
+/// @return If there is a previous alarm() request with time remaining, alarm()
+/// shall return a non-zero value that is the number of seconds until the
+/// previous request would have generated a SIGALRM signal. Otherwise, alarm()
+/// shall return 0.
+unsigned alarm(int seconds);

libc/inc/sys/utsname.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file utsname.h
 /// @brief Functions used to provide information about the machine & OS.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once

libc/inc/sys/wait.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-///                MentOS, The Mentoring Operating system project
 /// @file wait.h
 /// @brief Event management functions.
-/// @copyright (c) 2014-2021 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
+/// @copyright (c) 2014-2024 This file is distributed under the MIT License.
 /// See LICENSE.md for details.
 
 #pragma once