Merge branch 'hotfix/v0.5.4'

Update version.
Merge branch 'release/v0.5.3'
2022-12-19 12:21:50 +01:00 · 2022-12-19 12:21:40 +01:00 · 2022-12-19 11:59:15 +01:00 · 2022-12-19 11:59:03 +01:00 · 2022-12-19 11:56:22 +01:00 · 2022-12-19 11:55:33 +01:00
152 changed files with 1004 additions and 5268 deletions
@@ -1,52 +1,90 @@
 name: Main
 on:
-  push:
-    branches-ignore:
-      - "releases/**"
-    paths-ignore:
-      - "**.md"
-      - ".gitignore"
-  pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - "**.md"
-      - ".gitignore"
+    push:
+        branches-ignore:
+            - "releases/**"
+        paths-ignore:
+            - "**.md"
+            - ".gitignore"
+    pull_request:
+        paths-ignore:
+            - "**.md"
+            - ".gitignore"
 jobs:
-  doxygen:
-    name: Doxygen
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Clone repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    doxygen:
+        name: Doxygen
+        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        steps:
+            - name: Clone repo
+              uses: actions/checkout@v3

-      - name: Install Doxygen Ubuntu
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y doxygen nasm
+            - name: Install Doxygen Ubuntu
+              run: |
+                  sudo apt-get update
+                  sudo apt-get install -y doxygen nasm

-      - name: Generate documentation
-        run: |
-          cmake -B build -D DOXYGEN_WARN_AS_ERROR=NO
-          cmake --build build --target doxygen_doc
+            - name: Generate documentation
+              run: |
+                  cmake -B build -D DOXYGEN_WARN_AS_ERROR=NO
+                  cmake --build build --target mentos_documentation

-  test:
-    name: Build
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest]
+    test:
+        name: Build
+        strategy:
+            fail-fast: false
+            matrix:
+                include: [
+                    # You can access the following values via ${{ matrix.??? }}
+                    #
+                    #   pkgs         : apt-get package names.  It can include multiple package names which are delimited by space.
+                    #   cc           : C compiler executable.
+                    #   cxx          : C++ compiler executable for `make ctocpptest`.
+                    #   x32          : Set 'true' if compiler supports x32.  Otherwise, set 'false'.
+                    #                  Set 'fail' if it supports x32 but fails for now.  'fail' cases must be removed.
+                    #   x86          : Set 'true' if compiler supports x86 (-m32).  Otherwise, set 'false'.
+                    #                  Set 'fail' if it supports x86 but fails for now.  'fail' cases must be removed.
+                    #   cxxtest      : Set 'true' if it can be compiled as C++ code.  Otherwise, set 'false'.
+                    #   freestanding : Set 'true' if it can be compiled and execute freestanding code.  Otherwise, set 'false'.
+                    #                  Usually, it requires Linux, x86_64 and gcc/g++.
+                    #   os           : GitHub Actions YAML workflow label.  See https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments#available-environments
+                    # gcc
+                    { pkgs: 'nasm',               cc: gcc,    cxx: g++,    os: ubuntu-latest, },
+                    { pkgs: 'gcc-12 g++-12 nasm', cc: gcc-12, cxx: g++-12, os: ubuntu-22.04,  },
+                    { pkgs: 'gcc-11 g++-11 nasm', cc: gcc-11, cxx: g++-11, os: ubuntu-22.04,  },
+                    { pkgs: 'gcc-10 g++-10 nasm', cc: gcc-10, cxx: g++-10, os: ubuntu-22.04,  },
+                    { pkgs: 'gcc-9 g++-9 nasm',   cc: gcc-9,  cxx: g++-9,  os: ubuntu-22.04,  },
+                    { pkgs: 'gcc-8 g++-8 nasm',   cc: gcc-8,  cxx: g++-8,  os: ubuntu-20.04,  },
+                    { pkgs: 'gcc-7 g++-7 nasm',   cc: gcc-7,  cxx: g++-7,  os: ubuntu-20.04,  },
+                    # clang
+                    { pkgs: 'nasm',          cc: clang,    cxx: clang++,    os: ubuntu-latest, },
+                    { pkgs: 'clang-14 nasm', cc: clang-14, cxx: clang++-14, os: ubuntu-22.04,  },
+                    { pkgs: 'clang-13 nasm', cc: clang-13, cxx: clang++-13, os: ubuntu-22.04,  },
+                    { pkgs: 'clang-12 nasm', cc: clang-12, cxx: clang++-12, os: ubuntu-22.04,  },
+                    { pkgs: 'clang-11 nasm', cc: clang-11, cxx: clang++-11, os: ubuntu-22.04,  },
+                    { pkgs: 'clang-10 nasm', cc: clang-10, cxx: clang++-10, os: ubuntu-20.04,  },
+                    { pkgs: 'clang-9 nasm',  cc: clang-9,  cxx: clang++-9,  os: ubuntu-20.04,  },
+                    { pkgs: 'clang-8 nasm',  cc: clang-8,  cxx: clang++-8,  os: ubuntu-20.04,  },
+                    { pkgs: 'clang-7 nasm',  cc: clang-7,  cxx: clang++-7,  os: ubuntu-20.04,  },
+                ]

-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Clone repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}

-      - name: Install NASM Ubuntu
-        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y nasm
+        # Set environment variables
+        env:
+            # We globally set CC and CXX to improve compatibility with .travis.yml
+            CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+            CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}

-      - name: Build
-        run: |
-          cmake -B build
-          cmake --build build --parallel 2
+        steps:
+            - name: Clone repo
+              uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+            - name: Install dependencies
+              run: |
+                  sudo apt-get update
+                  sudo apt-get install -y ${{ matrix.pkgs }}
+
+            - name: Build
+              run: |
+                  cmake -B build
+                  cmake --build build --parallel 2 --verbose
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ endif()
 # =============================================================================
 # DOCUMENTATION
 # =============================================================================
-add_subdirectory(doc/doxygen)
+add_subdirectory(doc)

 # =============================================================================
 # OS-SPECIFIC COMPILERS
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ else()
    else()
        # set(EMULATOR_FLAGS ${EMULATOR_FLAGS} -sdl)
    endif()
+    # Speicfy the linker.
+    set(CMAKE_LINKER ld)
 endif()

 # =============================================================================
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ add_custom_target(filesystem
    COMMAND echo '============================================================================='
    COMMAND mkdir -p ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/files/proc
    COMMAND mkdir -p ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/files/dev
-    COMMAND mke2fs -L 'rootfs' -N 0 -d ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/files -m 5 -r 1 -t ext2 -v -F ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/rootfs.img 32M
+    COMMAND mke2fs -L 'rootfs' -N 0 -d ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/files -b 4096 -m 5 -r 1 -t ext2 -v -F ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/rootfs.img 32M
    COMMAND echo '============================================================================='
    COMMAND echo 'Done!'
    COMMAND echo '============================================================================='
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ add_custom_target(
 # First, we need to generate a GDB file containing all the symbols of all our
 # executables.
 add_custom_target(
-    .gdbinit
+    gdbinit
    BYPRODUCTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
    COMMAND bash ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/get_text_address.sh ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/kernel.bin > ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
    COMMAND bash ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/get_text_address.sh ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/mentos/kernel-bootloader.bin >> ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/.gdbinit
@@ -202,29 +202,42 @@ This example sets the `__DEBUG_LEVEL__`, so that all the messages from `INFO` an

 ## 7. Change the scheduling algorithm

-MentOS provides three different scheduling algorithms:
+MentOS supports scheduling algorithms for aperiodic:

- - Round-Robin
- - Priority
- - Completely Fair Scheduling
+ - Round-Robin (RR)
+ - Highest Priority
+ - Completely Fair Scheduling (CFS)
+ - Aperiodic Earliest Deadline First (AEDF)

-If you want to change the scheduling algorithm:
+It also supports periodic algorithms:
+
+ - Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
+ - Rate Monotonic (RM)
+
+If you want to change the scheduling algorithm, to Round-Robin (RR) for instance:

 ```bash
-
 cd build
-
-# Round Robin scheduling algorithm
 cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_RR ..
-# Priority scheduling algorithm
-cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_PRIORITY ..
-# Completely Fair Scheduling algorithm
-cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_CFS ..
-
 make
 make qemu
 ```

+or you can activate one of the others:
+
+```bash
+# Highest Priority
+cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_PRIORITY ..
+# Completely Fair Scheduling (CFS)
+cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_CFS      ..
+# Earliest Deadline First (EDF)
+cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_EDF      ..
+# Rate Monotonic (RM)
+cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_RM       ..
+# Aperiodic Earliest Deadline First (AEDF)
+cmake -DSCHEDULER_TYPE=SCHEDULER_AEDF     ..
+```
+
 Otherwise you can use `ccmake`:

 ```bash
@@ -244,8 +257,7 @@ ENABLE_BUDDY_SYSTEM              OFF
 SCHEDULER_TYPE                   SCHEDULER_RR
 ```

-Select SCHEDULER_TYPE, and type Enter to scroll the three available algorithms
-(SCHEDULER_RR, SCHEDULER_PRIORITY, SCHEDULER_CFS). Afterwards,
+Select SCHEDULER_TYPE, and type Enter to scroll the three available algorithms (SCHEDULER_RR, SCHEDULER_PRIORITY, SCHEDULER_CFS, SCHEDULER_EDF, SCHEDULER_RM, SCHEDULER_AEDF). Afterwards, you need to

 ```bash
 <press c>
@@ -264,33 +276,34 @@ cmake ..
 make
 ```

-Then, you need to generate a file called `.gdbinit` placed inside the `build` directory, which will tell **gdb** which *object* file he needs to read in order to allow proper debugging.
+Then, you need to generate a file called `.gdbinit` placed inside the `build` directory, which will tell **gdb** which *object* file he needs to read in order to allow proper debugging. Basically, it provides for each binary file, the location of their `.text` section. To generate the file, just execute:
 ```bash
-make gdb_file
+make gdbinit
 ```

 Finally, you run qemu in debugging mode with:
 ```bash
 make qemu-gdb
 ```
+
 If you did everything correctly, you should see an empty QEMU window. Basically, QEMU is waiting for you to connect *remotely* with gdb. Anyway, running `make qemu-gdb` will make your current shell busy, you cannot call `gdb` in it. You need to open a new shell inside the `build` folder and do a:
 ```bash
 cgdb -q -iex 'add-auto-load-safe-path .'
 ```

-Now you will have:
-1. the QEMU window waiting for you,
-2. the shell where you ran `make qemu-gdb` also waiting for you,
-3. the debugger that loaded a series of symbol files and the location of their `.text` section.
+Now you should have in front of you:
+ 1. the QEMU window waiting for you;
+ 2. the **first** shell where you ran `make qemu-gdb`, which is also waiting for you;
+ 3. the **second** shell where `gdb` is runnign and, you guessed it, is waiting for you.

-By default I placed a breakpoint at the begginning of 1) the bootloader, 2) the `kmain` function of the kernel.
+By default I placed a breakpoint at the begginning of (1) the *bootloader* and (2) the *kernel* itself.

 So, when gdb starts you need to first give a continue:
 ```bash
 (gdb) continue
 ```

-This will make the kernel run, and stop at the first breakpoint which is inside the *bootloader*:
+This will make the kernel run, and stop at the **first** breakpoint which is inside the *bootloader*:
 ```bash
 Breakpoint 1, boot_main (...) at .../mentos/src/boot.c:220
 220     {
@@ -298,7 +311,7 @@ Breakpoint 1, boot_main (...) at .../mentos/src/boot.c:220

 giving a second `continue` will get you to the start of the operating system:

-This will make the kernel run, and stop at the first breakpoint which is inside the *bootloader*:
+This will make the kernel run, and stop at the **second** breakpoint which is inside the *kernel*:
 ```bash
 Breakpoint 2, kmain (...) at .../mentos/src/kernel.c:95
 95      {
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+# Find Doxygen
+find_package(Doxygen)
+
+if (DOXYGEN_FOUND)
+    # Read the file with the version.
+    file(READ ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/version.h version_file)
+    # Extract the OS version.
+    string(REGEX MATCH "OS_MAJOR_VERSION ([0-9]*)" _ ${version_file})
+    set(OS_MAJOR_VERSION ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
+    string(REGEX MATCH "OS_MINOR_VERSION ([0-9]*)" _ ${version_file})
+    set(OS_MINOR_VERSION ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
+    string(REGEX MATCH "OS_MICRO_VERSION ([0-9]*)" _ ${version_file})
+    set(OS_MICRO_VERSION ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
+    # Setup the Doxygen documentation.
+    set(DOXYGEN_PROJECT_NAME "MentOS")
+    set(DOXYGEN_PROJECT_NUMBER "${OS_MAJOR_VERSION}.${OS_MINOR_VERSION}.${OS_MICRO_VERSION}")
+    set(DOXYGEN_PROJECT_BRIEF "The Mentoring Operating System")
+    set(DOXYGEN_USE_MDFILE_AS_MAINPAGE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/README.md)
+    set(DOXYGEN_IMAGE_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/doc/resources)
+    set(DOXYGEN_SHOW_INCLUDE_FILES NO)
+    set(DOXYGEN_GENERATE_TREEVIEW NO)
+    set(DOXYGEN_WARN_NO_PARAMDOC YES)
+    set(DOXYGEN_HTML_STYLESHEET ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/doc/doxygen.css)
+    doxygen_add_docs(
+        ${PROJECT_NAME}_documentation
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/README.md
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/CODING_STYLE.md
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/LICENSE.md
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/TODO.md
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/doc/signal.md
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/doc/syscall.md
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/crt0.S
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/array.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/assert.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/bits/ioctls.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/bits/stat.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/bits/termios-struct.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/ctype.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/debug.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/fcntl.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/fcvt.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/grp.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/io/mm_io.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/io/port_io.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/ipc/ipc.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/ipc/msg.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/ipc/sem.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/ipc/shm.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/libgen.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/limits.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/math.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/pwd.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/ring_buffer.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sched.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/signal.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/stdarg.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/stdbool.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/stddef.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/stdint.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/stdio.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/stdlib.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/strerror.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/string.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/bitops.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/dirent.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/errno.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/ioctl.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/reboot.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/stat.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/types.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/unistd.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/utsname.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/sys/wait.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/system/syscall_types.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/termios.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/inc/time.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/abort.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/assert.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/ctype.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/debug.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/fcvt.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/grp.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/io/mm_io.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/io/port_io.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/ipc/ipc.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/libc_start.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/libgen.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/math.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/pwd.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sched.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/setenv.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/stdio.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/stdlib.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/strerror.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/string.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/errno.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/ioctl.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/unistd.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/sys/utsname.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/termios.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/time.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/chdir.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/close.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/creat.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/exec.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/exit.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/fork.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getcwd.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getdents.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getgid.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getpgid.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getpid.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getppid.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getsid.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/getuid.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/interval.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/kill.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/lseek.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/mkdir.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/nice.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/open.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/read.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/reboot.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/rmdir.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/setgid.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/setpgid.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/setsid.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/setuid.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/signal.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/stat.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/unlink.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/waitpid.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/unistd/write.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/vscanf.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libc/src/vsprintf.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/boot.S
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/exception.S
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/gdt.S
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/idt.S
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/interrupt.S
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/tss.S
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/process/user.S
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/boot.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/descriptor_tables/gdt.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/descriptor_tables/idt.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/descriptor_tables/isr.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/descriptor_tables/tss.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/devices/fpu.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/devices/pci.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/ata.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/fdc.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/keyboard/keyboard.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/keyboard/keymap.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/mouse.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/ps2.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/drivers/rtc.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/elf/elf.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/fs/ext2.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/fs/ioctl.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/fs/procfs.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/fs/vfs.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/fs/vfs_types.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/hardware/cpuid.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/hardware/pic8259.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/hardware/timer.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/debug.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/mm_io.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/port_io.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/proc_modules.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/vga/vga.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/vga/vga_font.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/vga/vga_mode.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/vga/vga_palette.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/io/video.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/kernel.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/compiler.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/hashmap.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/irqflags.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/list.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/list_head.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/mutex.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/ndtree.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/rbtree.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/spinlock.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/stack_helper.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/klib/stdatomic.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/link_access.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/mem/buddysystem.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/mem/gfp.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/mem/kheap.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/mem/paging.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/mem/slab.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/mem/vmem_map.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/mem/zone_allocator.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/multiboot.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/process/prio.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/process/process.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/process/scheduler.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/process/wait.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/proc_access.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/errno.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/ipc.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/kernel_levels.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/module.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/reboot.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/types.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/sys/utsname.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/system/panic.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/system/printk.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/system/signal.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/system/syscall.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/inc/version.h
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/boot.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/exception.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/gdt.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/idt.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/interrupt.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/descriptor_tables/tss.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/devices/fpu.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/devices/pci.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/ata.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/fdc.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/keyboard/keyboard.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/keyboard/keymap.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/mouse.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/ps2.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/drivers/rtc.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/elf/elf.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/ext2.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/ioctl.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/namei.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/open.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/procfs.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/readdir.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/read_write.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/stat.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/fs/vfs.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/hardware/cpuid.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/hardware/pic8259.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/hardware/timer.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/debug.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/mm_io.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/port_io.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/proc_running.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/proc_system.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/proc_video.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/stdio.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/vga/vga.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/io/video.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/ipc/msg.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/ipc/sem.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/ipc/shm.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/kernel/sys.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/kernel.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/assert.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/ctype.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/fcvt.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/hashmap.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/libgen.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/list.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/math.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/mutex.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/ndtree.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/rbtree.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/spinlock.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/strerror.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/string.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/time.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/vscanf.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/klib/vsprintf.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/mem/buddysystem.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/mem/kheap.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/mem/paging.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/mem/slab.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/mem/vmem_map.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/mem/zone_allocator.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/multiboot.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/process/process.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/process/scheduler.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/process/scheduler_algorithm.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/process/wait.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/sys/module.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/sys/utsname.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/system/errno.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/system/panic.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/system/printk.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/system/signal.c
+        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/mentos/src/system/syscall.c
+    )
+endif (DOXYGEN_FOUND)
@@ -26,6 +26,31 @@
  outline: none;
 }

+.sm-dox a:hover {
+  color: #4b5263;
+  background-color: #A9B7C6;
+}
+
+.sm-dox ul,
+.sm-dox ul a {
+  color: #A9B7C6;
+  background-color: #4b5263;
+}
+
+.sm-dox ul a.highlighted {
+  color: #4b5263;
+  background-color: #A9B7C6;
+}
+
+.sm-dox ul a:hover {
+  color: #4b5263;
+  background-color: #A9B7C6;
+  background-image: none;
+  background-repeat: no-repeat;
+  text-shadow: none;
+  outline: none;
+}
+
 .memberdecls tr:not(:first-child) {
  background-color: #333842;
 }
@@ -599,7 +624,8 @@ table.memberdecls {
 }

 .memTemplParams {
-  color: #4665A2;
+  color: #728dc2;
+  font-weight: bold;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-size: 80%;
 }
@@ -633,9 +659,10 @@ table.memberdecls {

 .memtemplate {
  font-size: 80%;
-  color: #4665A2;
-  font-weight: normal;
+  color: #728dc2;
+  font-weight: bold;
  margin-left: 9px;
+  white-space: nowrap;
 }

 .memnav {
@@ -686,6 +713,12 @@ dl.reflist dd {
  padding: 1em;
 }

+.memdoc p {
+  padding: 0.25em;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background-color: #3A3F49;
+}
+
 dl.reflist dt {
  padding: 5px;
 }
@@ -857,6 +890,7 @@ div.directory {
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica;
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 12px;
+  line-height: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  width: 16px;
  display: inline-block;
@@ -879,7 +913,7 @@ div.directory {
  height: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  background-image: url("folderopen.png");
-  background-position: 0px -4px;
+  /* background-position: 0px -4px; */
  background-repeat: repeat-y;
  vertical-align: top;
  display: inline-block;
@@ -890,7 +924,7 @@ div.directory {
  height: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  background-image: url("folderclosed.png");
-  background-position: 0px -4px;
+  /* background-position: 0px -4px; */
  background-repeat: repeat-y;
  vertical-align: top;
  display: inline-block;
@@ -901,7 +935,7 @@ div.directory {
  height: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  background-image: url("doc.png");
-  background-position: 0px -4px;
+  /* background-position: 0px -4px; */
  background-repeat: repeat-y;
  vertical-align: top;
  display: inline-block;
@@ -950,7 +984,7 @@ table.doxtable th {
 }

 table.fieldtable {
-  /*width: 100%;*/
+  width: fit-content;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  border: 1px solid #A8B8D9;
  border-spacing: 0px;
@@ -960,7 +994,6 @@ table.fieldtable {
  -moz-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 2px 2px 2px;
  -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
  box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
-  width: fit-content;
 }

 .fieldtable td,
@@ -998,11 +1031,9 @@ table.fieldtable {
 }

 .fieldtable th {
-  background-image: url("nav_f.png");
-  background-repeat: repeat-x;
-  background-color: #E2E8F2;
-  font-size: 90%;
-  color: #253555;
+  font-size: 100%;
+  color: #d7dee4;
+  background-color: #49515f;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  padding-top: 5px;
  text-align: left;
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# Find Doxygen
-find_package(Doxygen)
-
-if (DOXYGEN_FOUND)
-    set(DOXYGEN_OUTPUT_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
-    set(DOXYGEN_INDEX_FILE ${DOXYGEN_OUTPUT_DIR}/html/index.html)
-
-    # Replace variables inside @@ with the current values.
-    set(DOXYFILE_IN  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Doxyfile)
-    set(DOXYFILE_OUT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Doxyfile)
-    configure_file(${DOXYFILE_IN} ${DOXYFILE_OUT} @ONLY)
-
-    # Copy the files needd by the documentation.
-    set(DOXYFILE_CSS    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/doxygen.css)
-    set(DOXYFILE_HEADER ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/header.html)
-    set(DOXYFILE_FOOTER ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/footer.html)
-
-    # Doxygen won't create this for us.
-    file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${DOXYGEN_OUTPUT_DIR})
-
-    add_custom_command(
-        OUTPUT ${DOXYGEN_INDEX_FILE}
-        COMMAND ${DOXYGEN_EXECUTABLE} ${DOXYFILE_OUT}
-
-        MAIN_DEPENDENCY ${DOXYFILE_OUT} ${DOXYFILE_IN}
-        COMMENT "Generating docs"
-    )
-    add_custom_target(
-        doxygen_doc
-        DEPENDS
-        ${DOXYGEN_INDEX_FILE}
-        ${DOXYFILE_IN}
-        ${DOXYFILE_CSS}
-        ${DOXYFILE_HEADER}
-        ${DOXYFILE_FOOTER}
-    )
-endif (DOXYGEN_FOUND)
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-        <!-- HTML footer for doxygen 1.8.16-->
-        <!-- start footer part -->
-        <!--BEGIN GENERATE_TREEVIEW-->
-        <div id="nav-path" class="navpath">
-            <!-- id is needed for treeview function! -->
-            <ul>
-                $navpath
-                <li class="footer">$generatedby
-                    <a href="http://www.doxygen.org/index.html">
-                        <img class="footer" src="$relpath^doxygen.png" alt="doxygen" />
-                    </a> $doxygenversion
-                </li>
-            </ul>
-        </div>
-        <!--END GENERATE_TREEVIEW-->
-        <!--BEGIN !GENERATE_TREEVIEW-->
-        <div class="footer">
-            <hr class="footer" />
-            <ul class="footer-info">
-                <li class="footer-info-lastmode">
-                    This page was last modified on $datetime.
-                </li>
-                <li class="footer-info-copyright">
-                    MentOs © 2014–2022 the MentOs-Team, and numerous contributors.<br>
-                    It is available for use and modification under the&#160;
-                    <a href="$relpath^md_LICENSE.html">MIT License</a>.<br>
-                </li>
-            </ul>
-            <hr class="footer" />
-            <address class="footer">
-                $generatedby&#160;
-                <a href="http://www.doxygen.org/index.html">
-                    <img class="footer" src="$relpath^doxygen.png" alt="doxygen" />
-                </a> $doxygenversion
-            </address>
-        </div>
-    <!--END !GENERATE_TREEVIEW-->
-    </body>
-
-</html>
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-<!-- HTML header for doxygen 1.8.17-->
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
-
-<head>
-    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/xhtml;charset=UTF-8" />
-    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=9" />
-    <meta name="generator" content="Doxygen $doxygenversion" />
-    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
-    <!--BEGIN PROJECT_NAME-->
-    <title>$projectname: $title</title>
-    <!--END PROJECT_NAME-->
-    <!--BEGIN !PROJECT_NAME-->
-    <title>$title</title>
-    <!--END !PROJECT_NAME-->
-    <link href="$relpath^tabs.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
-    <script type="text/javascript" src="$relpath^jquery.js"></script>
-    <script type="text/javascript" src="$relpath^dynsections.js"></script>
-    $treeview
-    $search
-    $mathjax
-    <link href="$relpath^$stylesheet" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
-    $extrastylesheet
-</head>
-
-<body>
-    <div id="top">
-        <!-- do not remove this div, it is closed by doxygen! -->
-
-        <!--BEGIN TITLEAREA-->
-        <div id="titlearea">
-            <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-                <tbody>
-                    <tr style="height: 56px;">
-                        <!--BEGIN PROJECT_LOGO-->
-                        <td id="projectlogo"><img alt="Logo" src="$relpath^$projectlogo" /></td>
-                        <!--END PROJECT_LOGO-->
-                        <!--BEGIN PROJECT_NAME-->
-                        <td id="projectalign" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">
-                            <div id="projectname">$projectname
-                                <!--BEGIN PROJECT_NUMBER-->&#160;<span id="projectnumber">$projectnumber</span>
-                                <!--END PROJECT_NUMBER-->
-                            </div>
-                            <!--BEGIN PROJECT_BRIEF-->
-                            <div id="projectbrief">$projectbrief</div>
-                            <!--END PROJECT_BRIEF-->
-                        </td>
-                        <!--END PROJECT_NAME-->
-                        <!--BEGIN !PROJECT_NAME-->
-                        <!--BEGIN PROJECT_BRIEF-->
-                        <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">
-                            <div id="projectbrief">$projectbrief</div>
-                        </td>
-                        <!--END PROJECT_BRIEF-->
-                        <!--END !PROJECT_NAME-->
-                        <!--BEGIN DISABLE_INDEX-->
-                        <!--BEGIN SEARCHENGINE-->
-                        <td>$searchbox</td>
-                        <!--END SEARCHENGINE-->
-                        <!--END DISABLE_INDEX-->
-                    </tr>
-                </tbody>
-            </table>
-        </div>
-        <!--END TITLEAREA-->
-        <!-- end header part -->
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Call `man` to have a list of all the commands.
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+    cat [FILE]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Prints the content of the given file.
+
+OPTIONS
+    -h --help : shows command help.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+    clear
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Clears the screen.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+    cpuid
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Not currently implemented.
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+    date
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Shows the current date.
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+SYNOPSIS
+    echo [STRING]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+    Displays a line of text.
+    
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-NAME
-    ls - list directory contents
-
 SYNOPSIS
    ls [OPTIONS] [FILE/FOLDER]

@@ -10,5 +7,6 @@ DESCRIPTION
    inside the current folder.
    
 OPTIONS
-    -a  : list all entries.
-    -l  : show the entries as a detailed list.
+    -h --help : shows command help.
+    -a --all  : list all entries.
+    -l --long : show the entries as a detailed long list.
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -std=gnu99")
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-function")
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-variable")
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unknown-pragmas")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-but-set-variable")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-missing-braces")

 # Set the compiler options.
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -static")
@@ -43,4 +43,4 @@ typedef struct termios {
 #define IEXTEN  0x00000400 ///< Enables implementation-defined input processing.

 /// @brief Mask for extracting control values.
-#define CTRL(x) (x & 037)
+#define CTRL(x) (x & 037)
@@ -69,4 +69,4 @@ group_t *getgrent(void);
 void endgrent(void);

 /// @brief May be called to close the group database when processing is complete.
-void setgrent(void);
+void setgrent(void);
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ struct ipc_perm {
    unsigned short mode;
    /// Sequence number.
    unsigned short __seq;
-};
+};
@@ -122,4 +122,4 @@ long msgrcv(int msqid, msgbuf_t *msgp, size_t msgsz, long msgtyp, int msgflg);
 /// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
 long msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, msqid_ds_t *buf);

-#endif
+#endif
@@ -72,4 +72,4 @@ long semop(int semid, struct sembuf *sops, unsigned nsops);
 /// @return 0 on success, -1 on failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
 long semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, unsigned long arg);

-#endif
+#endif
@@ -203,4 +203,4 @@ long shmdt(const void *shmaddr);
 /// failure and errno is set to indicate the error.
 long shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);

-#endif
+#endif
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ char *basename(const char *path);
 /// If resolved is NULL, then realpath() uses malloc
 /// to allocate a buffer of up to PATH_MAX bytes to hold the
 /// resolved pathname, and returns a pointer to this buffer.
-char *realpath(const char *path, char *resolved);
+char *realpath(const char *path, char *resolved);
@@ -124,4 +124,4 @@
    }

 #undef RING_BUFFER_ALLOC
-#undef RING_BUFFER_FREE
+#undef RING_BUFFER_FREE
@@ -123,4 +123,4 @@ int sscanf(const char *str, const char *fmt, ...);
 /// @return On success, the function returns the number of items of the
 ///         argument list successfully filled. EOF otherwise.
 int fscanf(int fd, const char *fmt, ...);
-#endif
+#endif
@@ -307,4 +307,4 @@ char *replace_char(char *str, char find, char replace);
 ///        referenced by p.
 /// @param mode File mode that encodes access permissions and file type.
 /// @param p    Buffer used to hold the string representation of file mode m.
-void strmode(mode_t mode, char *p);
+void strmode(mode_t mode, char *p);
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 #define bitmask_check(V, M)        ((V) & (M))   ///< Checks if the bits identified by the mask are all 1.

 /// @brief Finds the first bit at zero, starting from the less significative bit.
+/// @param value the value we need to analyze.
+/// @return the position of the first zero bit.
 static inline int find_first_zero(unsigned long value)
 {
    for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i)
@@ -31,10 +33,12 @@ static inline int find_first_zero(unsigned long value)
 }

 /// @brief Finds the first bit not zero, starting from the less significative bit.
+/// @param value the value we need to analyze.
+/// @return the position of the first non-zero bit.
 static inline int find_first_non_zero(unsigned long value)
 {
    for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i)
        if (bit_check(value, i))
            return i;
    return 0;
-}
+}
@@ -21,22 +21,23 @@ enum {
    DT_WHT     = 14
 };

+/// @brief Characters describing the direactory entry.
 static const char dt_char_array[] = {
    '?', // DT_UNKNOWN = 0,
-    'p', //DT_FIFO = 1,
-    'c', //DT_CHR  = 2,
+    'p', // DT_FIFO = 1,
+    'c', // DT_CHR  = 2,
    '*',
-    'd', //DT_DIR  = 4,
+    'd', // DT_DIR  = 4,
    '*',
-    'b', //DT_BLK  = 6,
+    'b', // DT_BLK  = 6,
    '*',
-    '-', //DT_REG  = 8,
+    '-', // DT_REG  = 8,
    '*',
-    'l', //DT_LNK  = 10,
+    'l', // DT_LNK  = 10,
    '*',
-    's', //DT_SOCK = 12,
+    's', // DT_SOCK = 12,
    '*',
-    '?', //DT_WHT  = 14
+    '?', // DT_WHT  = 14
 };

 /// Directory entry.
@@ -46,4 +47,4 @@ typedef struct dirent_t {
    unsigned short d_reclen; ///< Length of this linux_dirent.
    unsigned short d_type;   ///< type of the directory entry.
    char d_name[NAME_MAX];   ///< Filename (null-terminated)
-} dirent_t;
+} dirent_t;
@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@
 /// @param request The device-dependent request code
 /// @param data    An untyped pointer to memory.
 /// @return Return value depends on REQUEST. Usually -1 indicates error.
-int ioctl(int fd, unsigned long int request, void *data);
+int ioctl(int fd, unsigned long int request, void *data);
@@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ int rmdir(const char *path);
 /// @return file descriptor number, -1 otherwise and errno is set to indicate the error.
 /// @details
 /// It is equivalent to: open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, mode)
-int creat(const char *path, mode_t mode);
+int creat(const char *path, mode_t mode);
@@ -246,4 +246,4 @@ int getdents(int fd, dirent_t *dirp, unsigned int count);
 /// shall return a non-zero value that is the number of seconds until the
 /// previous request would have generated a SIGALRM signal. Otherwise, alarm()
 /// shall return 0.
-int alarm(int seconds);
+int alarm(int seconds);
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 #include "signal.h"
 #include "stdio.h"

-// Since there could be signal handlers listening for the abort, we
-//  need to keep track at which stage of the abort we are.
+/// @brief Since there could be signal handlers listening for the abort, we need
+/// to keep track at which stage of the abort we are.
 static int stage = 0;

 void abort(void)
@@ -105,4 +105,4 @@ const char *dec_to_binary(unsigned long value, unsigned length)
    for (int i = 0, j = 32 - min(max(0, length), 32); j < 32; ++i, ++j)
        buffer[i] = bit_check(value, 31 - j) ? '1' : '0';
    return buffer;
-}
+}
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@

 static int __fd = -1;

+/// @brief It parses the line (as string) and saves its content inside the
+/// group_t structure.
+/// @param grp the struct where we store the information.
+/// @param buf the buffer from which we extract the information.
 static inline void __parse_line(group_t *grp, char *buf)
 {
    assert(grp && "Received null grp!");
@@ -231,4 +235,4 @@ void setgrent(void)
 {
    //pr_debug("Resetting pointer to beginning of group file\n");
    lseek(__fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
-}
+}
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ inline uint32_t inportl(uint16_t port)
 {
    uint32_t rv;
    __asm__ __volatile__("inl %%dx, %%eax" : "=a"(rv) : "dN"(port));
-
    return rv;
 }

@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ inline void outports(uint16_t port, uint16_t data)

 void outportsm(uint16_t port, uint8_t *data, uint16_t size)
 {
-    asm volatile("rep outsw" : "+S"(data), "+c"(size) : "d"(port));
+    __asm__ __volatile__("rep outsw" : "+S"(data), "+c"(size) : "d"(port));
 }

 inline void outportl(uint16_t port, uint32_t data)
@@ -137,4 +137,4 @@ char *realpath(const char *path, char *resolved)
    else
        resolved[1] = '\0';
    return resolved;
-}
+}
@@ -81,6 +81,13 @@ ssize_t __readline(int fd, char *buffer, size_t buflen)
    return newline_len;
 }

+/// @brief Searches for the given entry inside the buffer.
+/// @param fd the file descriptor of the file.
+/// @param buffer the support buffer we use to read the file.
+/// @param buflen the length of the support buffer.
+/// @param name the username we are looking for.
+/// @param uid the user-id of the user we are looking for.
+/// @return the buffer itself if we have found the entry, NULL otherwise.
 static inline char *__search_entry(int fd, char *buffer, int buflen, const char *name, uid_t uid)
 {
    while (__readline(fd, buffer, buflen)) {
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ char **environ;
 static char **__environ      = NULL;
 static size_t __environ_size = 0;

+/// @brief Finds the entry in the environ.
+/// @param name the name of the entry we are looking for.
+/// @param name_len the length of the name we received.
+/// @return the index of the entry, or -1 if we did not find it.
 static inline int __find_entry(const char *name, const size_t name_len)
 {
    if (environ) {
@@ -24,6 +28,7 @@ static inline int __find_entry(const char *name, const size_t name_len)
    return -1;
 }

+/// @brief Makes a clone of the current environ.
 static void __clone_environ()
 {
    if (environ) {
@@ -205,4 +205,4 @@ char *fgets(char *buf, int n, int fd)
    if (p == buf || c == EOF)
        return NULL;
    return (p);
-}
+}
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 /// malloc(), calloc() or realloc().
 #define MALLOC_MAGIC_NUMBER 0x600DC0DE

+/// @brief Checks if the pointer is a valid malloc entry.
+/// @param ptr the pointer we are checking.
+/// @return 1 of success, 0 on failure.
 static inline int __malloc_is_valid_ptr(void *ptr)
 {
    return (ptr && (((size_t *)ptr)[-1] == MALLOC_MAGIC_NUMBER));
@@ -33,4 +33,4 @@ int rmdir(const char *path)
    return mountpoint_list[mp_id].dir_op.rmdir_f(absolute_path);
 }

-#endif
+#endif
@@ -34,4 +34,4 @@ int tcsetattr(int fd, int optional_actions, const termios_t *termios_p)
        retval = -1;
    }
    return retval;
-}
+}
@@ -397,4 +397,4 @@ unsigned int sleep(unsigned int seconds)

 _syscall2(int, getitimer, int, which, itimerval *, curr_value)

-_syscall3(int, setitimer, int, which, const itimerval *, new_value, itimerval *, old_value)
+_syscall3(int, setitimer, int, which, const itimerval *, new_value, itimerval *, old_value)
@@ -111,4 +111,4 @@ int sigismember(sigset_t *set, int signum)
    if (set)
        return bit_check(set->sig[(signum - 1) / 32], (signum - 1) % 32);
    return -1;
-}
+}
@@ -689,4 +689,4 @@ int fprintf(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
        return len;
    }
    return -1;
-}
+}
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -std=gnu99")
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-function")
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-variable")
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unknown-pragmas")
-set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-but-set-variable")
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-missing-braces")

 # Set the compiler options.
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -static")
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ endif(ENABLE_ALLOC_TRACE)

 # =============================================================================
 # Set the list of valid scheduling options.
-set(SCHEDULER_TYPES SCHEDULER_RR SCHEDULER_PRIORITY SCHEDULER_CFS SCHEDULER_EDF SCHEDULER_RM)
+set(SCHEDULER_TYPES SCHEDULER_RR SCHEDULER_PRIORITY SCHEDULER_CFS SCHEDULER_EDF SCHEDULER_RM SCHEDULER_AEDF)
 # Add the scheduling option.
 set(SCHEDULER_TYPE "SCHEDULER_RR" CACHE STRING "Chose the type of scheduler: ${SCHEDULER_TYPES}")
 # List of schedulers.
@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
-OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf")
-OUTPUT_ARCH(i386)
+OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386")

 ENTRY(boot_entry)

-BOOTLOADER_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS = 0x00100000;
-
 MEMORY {
 	BOOTLOADER_MEM : ORIGIN = 0x00000000, LENGTH = 128M
 }

 SECTIONS
 {
-	. = BOOTLOADER_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS;
+	. = 0x00100000;
 	_bootloader_start = .;
 	.multiboot . : AT(ADDR(.multiboot))
 	{
@@ -138,4 +138,4 @@ void init_gdt();
 void gdt_set_gate(uint8_t index, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access, uint8_t granul);

 /// @}
-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -60,4 +60,4 @@ typedef struct idt_pointer_t {
 void init_idt();

 /// @}
-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -97,4 +97,4 @@ extern void isq_handler(pt_regs *f);
                        //==============================================================================

 /// @}
-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -60,4 +60,4 @@ void tss_init(uint8_t idx, uint32_t ss0);
 void tss_set_stack(uint32_t kss, uint32_t kesp);

 /// @}
-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -130,4 +130,4 @@ void unswitch_fpu();
 int fpu_install();

 /// @}
-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -346,4 +346,4 @@ int pci_get_interrupt(uint32_t device);
 void pci_debug_scan();

 /// @}
-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ int ata_initialize();
 int ata_finalize();

 /// @}
-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ int fdc_initialize();
 int fdc_finalize();

 /// @}
-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ int keyboard_initialize();
 int keyboard_finalize();

 /// @}
-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -161,4 +161,4 @@ void init_keymaps();
 /// @}

 /// @}
-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ int mouse_initialize();
 int mouse_finalize();

 /// @}
-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ void ps2_write(unsigned char data);

 /// @brief Reads data from the PS/2 port.
 /// @return the data coming from the PS/2 port.
-unsigned char ps2_read();
+unsigned char ps2_read();
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ int rtc_initialize();
 int rtc_finalize();

 /// @}
-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -288,4 +288,4 @@ const char *elf_symbol_type_to_string(int type);
 /// @brief Transforms the passed ELF symbol bind to string.
 /// @param bind The integer representing the ELF symbol bind.
 /// @return The string representing the ELF symbol bind.
-const char *elf_symbol_bind_to_string(int bind);
+const char *elf_symbol_bind_to_string(int bind);
@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@
 /// @param request The device-dependent request code
 /// @param data    An untyped pointer to memory.
 /// @return On success zero is returned.
-int sys_ioctl(int fd, int request, void *data);
+int sys_ioctl(int fd, int request, void *data);
@@ -65,4 +65,4 @@ int procr_create_entry_pid(task_struct *entry);
 /// @brief Destroy the entire procfs entry tree for the give process.
 /// @param entry Pointer to the task_struct of the process.
 /// @return 0 if succeed, or -errno in case of error.
-int procr_destroy_entry_pid(task_struct *entry);
+int procr_destroy_entry_pid(task_struct *entry);
@@ -210,4 +210,4 @@ int sys_setitimer(int which, const struct itimerval *new_value, struct itimerval

 /// @brief Update the profiling timer and generate SIGPROF if it has expired.
 /// @param proc The process for which we must update the profiling.
-void update_process_profiling_timer(task_struct *proc);
+void update_process_profiling_timer(task_struct *proc);
@@ -116,4 +116,4 @@ void vga_new_line();
 /// @brief Change the color.
 void vga_set_color(unsigned int color);

-void vga_run_test();
+void vga_run_test();
@@ -290,4 +290,4 @@ palette_entry_t ansi_256_palette[256] = {
    { 218, 218, 218 }, // Grey85
    { 228, 228, 228 }, // Grey89
    { 238, 238, 238 }, // Grey93
-};
+};
@@ -41,9 +41,8 @@

 #pragma once

-
 /// @brief Assign the value to the given variable.
-#define WRITE_ONCE(var, val) (*((volatile typeof(val) *)(&(var))) = (val))
+#define WRITE_ONCE(var, val) (*((__volatile__ __typeof__(val) *)(&(var))) = (val))

 /// @brief Read the value from the given variable.
-#define READ_ONCE(var) (*((volatile typeof(var) *)(&(var))))
+#define READ_ONCE(var) (*((__volatile__ __typeof__(var) *)(&(var))))
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ typedef struct list_head {
 /// @param ptr    The &list_head pointer.
 /// @param type   The type of the struct this is embedded in.
 /// @param member The name of the list_head within the struct.
-#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \
-    container_of(ptr, type, member)
+#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) container_of(ptr, type, member)

 /// @brief Iterates over a list.
 /// @param pos    The &list_head to use as a loop cursor.
@@ -49,124 +48,115 @@ typedef struct list_head {
    for (list_head * (pos) = (head)->next; (pos) != (head); (pos) = (pos)->next)

 /// @brief Initializes the list_head.
-/// @param head The head for your list.
-#define list_head_init(head) (head)->next = (head)->prev = (head)
-
-/// @brief Initializes the list_head.
-/// @param head The head for your list.
-#define list_head_size(head)                                \
-    ({                                                      \
-        unsigned __list_head_size = 0;                      \
-        list_for_each_decl(it, head) __list_head_size += 1; \
-        __list_head_size;                                   \
-    })
-
-/// @brief Insert element l2 after l1.
-static inline void list_head_insert_after(list_head *l1, list_head *l2)
+/// @param head The head of your list.
+static inline void list_head_init(list_head *head)
 {
-    // [La]->l1  La<-[l1]->Lb    <-[l2]->    l1<-[Lb]
-
-    list_head *l1_next = l1->next;
-    // [La]->l1  La<-[l1]->l2    <-[l2]->    l1<-[Lb]
-    l1->next = l2;
-    // [La]->l1  La<-[l1]->l2  l1<-[l2]->    l1<-[Lb]
-    l2->prev = l1;
-    // [La]->l1  La<-[l1]->l2  l1<-[l2]->Lb  l1<-[Lb]
-    l2->next = l1_next;
-    // [La]->l1  La<-[l1]->l2  l1<-[l2]->Lb  l2<-[Lb]
-    l1_next->prev = l2;
-}
-
-/// @brief Insert element l2 before l1.
-static inline void list_head_insert_before(list_head *l1, list_head *l2)
-{
-    // [La]->l1      [l2]      La<-[l1]->Lb  l1<-[Lb]
-
-    list_head *l1_prev = l1->prev;
-    // [La]->l2      [l2]      La<-[l1]->Lb  l1<-[Lb]
-    l1_prev->next = l2;
-    // [La]->l2  La<-[l2]      La<-[l1]->Lb  l1<-[Lb]
-    l2->prev = l1_prev;
-    // [La]->l2  La<-[l2]->l1  La<-[l1]->Lb  l1<-[Lb]
-    l2->next = l1;
-    // [La]->l2  La<-[l2]->l1  l2<-[l1]->Lb  l1<-[Lb]
-    l1->prev = l2;
-}
-
-/// @brief Remove l from the list.
-/// @param l The element to remove.
-static inline void list_head_del(list_head *l)
-{
-    // [La]->l   La<-[l]->Lb  l<-[Lb]
-
-    // [La]->Lb  La<-[l]->Lb  l<-[Lb]
-    l->prev->next = l->next;
-    // [La]->Lb  La<-[l]->Lb La<-[Lb]
-    l->next->prev = l->prev;
-    // [La]->Lb   l<-[l]->l  La<-[Lb]
-    l->next = l->prev = l;
+    head->next = head->prev = head;
 }

 /// @brief Tests whether the given list is empty.
 /// @param head The list to check.
 /// @return 1 if empty, 0 otherwise.
-static inline int list_head_empty(list_head const *head)
+static inline int list_head_empty(const list_head *head)
 {
    return head->next == head;
 }

-/// Insert a new entry between two known consecutive entries.
-static inline void __list_add(list_head *new, list_head *prev, list_head *next)
+/// @brief Initializes the list_head.
+/// @param head The head for your list.
+static inline unsigned list_head_size(const list_head *head)
 {
-    // [prev]->        <-[new]->        <-[next]
-
-    // [prev]->        <-[new]->     new<-[next]
-    next->prev = new;
-    // [prev]->        <-[new]->next new<-[next]
-    new->next = next;
-    // [prev]->    prev<-[new]->next new<-[next]
-    new->prev = prev;
-    // [prev]->new prev<-[new]->next new<-[next]
-    prev->next = new;
+    unsigned size = 0;
+    if (!list_head_empty(head))
+        list_for_each_decl(it, head) size += 1;
+    return size;
 }

-/// @brief Insert element l2 before l1.
-static inline void list_head_add(list_head *new, list_head *head)
+/// @brief Insert the new entry after the given location.
+/// @param new_entry the new element we want to insert.
+/// @param location the element after which we insert.
+static inline void list_head_insert_after(list_head *new_entry, list_head *location)
 {
-    __list_add(new, head, head->next);
+    // We store the old `next` element.
+    list_head *old_next = location->next;
+    // We insert our element.
+    location->next = new_entry;
+    // We update the `previous` link of our new entry.
+    new_entry->prev = location;
+    // We update the `next` link of our new entry.
+    new_entry->next = old_next;
+    // We link the previously `next` element to our new entry.
+    old_next->prev = new_entry;
 }

-/// @brief Insert element l2 before l1.
-static inline void list_head_add_tail(list_head *new, list_head *head)
+/// @brief Insert the new entry before the given location.
+/// @param new_entry the new element we want to insert.
+/// @param location the element after which we insert.
+static inline void list_head_insert_before(list_head *new_entry, list_head *location)
 {
-    __list_add(new, head->prev, head);
+    // We store the old `previous` element.
+    list_head *old_prev = location->prev;
+    // We link the old `previous` element to our new entry.
+    old_prev->next = new_entry;
+    // We update the `previous` link of our new entry.
+    new_entry->prev = old_prev;
+    // We update the `next` link of our new entry.
+    new_entry->next = location;
+    // Finally, we close the link with the old insertion location element.
+    location->prev = new_entry;
 }

-/// @brief Removes an element from the list pointer, it's used when we have a possibly
-/// null list pointer and want to pop an element from it
-static inline list_head *list_head_pop(list_head *listp)
+/// @brief Removes the given entry from the list it is contained in.
+/// @param entry the entry we want to remove.
+static inline void list_head_remove(list_head *entry)
 {
-    if (list_head_empty(listp))
-        return NULL;
-
-    list_head *value = listp->next;
-    list_head_del(listp->next);
-
-    return value;
+    // Check if the element is actually in a list.
+    if (!list_head_empty(entry)) {
+        // We link the `previous` element to the `next` one.
+        entry->prev->next = entry->next;
+        // We link the `next` element to the `previous` one.
+        entry->next->prev = entry->prev;
+        // We initialize the entry again.
+        list_head_init(entry);
+    }
 }

-static inline list_head *list_head_front(list_head *listp)
+/// @brief Removes an element from the list, it's used when we have a possibly
+/// null list pointer and want to pop an element from it.
+/// @param head the head of the list.
+/// @return a list_head pointing to the element we removed, NULL on failure.
+static inline list_head *list_head_pop(list_head *head)
 {
-    return listp->next;
+    // Check if the list is not empty.
+    if (!list_head_empty(head)) {
+        // Store the pointer.
+        list_head *value = head->next;
+        // Remove the element from the list.
+        list_head_remove(head->next);
+        // Return the pointer to the element.
+        return value;
+    }
+    return NULL;
 }

-/// Merges the elements of l2, into the elements of l1.
-static inline void list_head_merge(list_head *l1, list_head *l2)
+/// @brief Append the `secondary` list at the end of the `main` list.
+/// @param main the main list where we append the secondary list.
+/// @param secondary the secondary list, which gets appended, and re-initialized as empty.
+static inline void list_head_append(list_head *main, list_head *secondary)
 {
-    l1->prev->next = l2->next;
-    l2->next->prev = l1->prev;
-    l2->prev->next = l1;
-    l1->prev       = l2->prev;
-    // Initialize the second list.
-    list_head_init(l2);
-}
+    // Check that both lists are actually filled with entries.
+    if (!list_head_empty(main) && !list_head_empty(secondary)) {
+        // Connect the last element of the main list to the first one of the secondary list.
+        main->prev->next = secondary->next;
+        // Connect the first element of the secondary list to the last one of the main list.
+        secondary->next->prev = main->prev;
+
+        // Connect the last element of the secondary list to our main.
+        secondary->prev->next = main;
+        // Connect our main to the last element of the secondary list.
+        main->prev = secondary->prev;
+
+        // Re-initialize the secondary list.
+        list_head_init(secondary);
+    }
+}
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@
 /// @brief Moves the pointer up.
 #define __MOVE_PTR_UP(type, ptr) ((ptr) += sizeof(type))
 /// @brief First, it moves the pointer down, and then it pushes the value at that memory location.
-#define PUSH_VALUE_ON_STACK(ptr, value) (__ACCESS_PTR(typeof(value), __MOVE_PTR_DOWN(typeof(value), ptr)) = (value))
+#define PUSH_VALUE_ON_STACK(ptr, value) (__ACCESS_PTR(__typeof__(value), __MOVE_PTR_DOWN(__typeof__(value), ptr)) = (value))
 /// @brief First, it access the value at the given memory location, and then it moves the pointer up.
-#define POP_VALUE_FROM_STACK(value, ptr) ({value = __ACCESS_PTR(typeof(value), ptr); __MOVE_PTR_UP(typeof(value), ptr); })
+#define POP_VALUE_FROM_STACK(value, ptr) ({value = __ACCESS_PTR(__typeof__(value), ptr); __MOVE_PTR_UP(__typeof__(value), ptr); })
@@ -162,4 +162,3 @@ static inline int test_bit(int offset, volatile unsigned long *base)
 // is discouraged by many C/C++ groups.

 // == xchg/xchgl ==============================================================
-//
@@ -100,4 +100,4 @@ void *kmalloc_ap(unsigned int sz, unsigned int *phys);
 /// @return
 //void *realloc(void *ptr, unsigned int size);

-#endif
+#endif
@@ -23,29 +23,30 @@
 /// @brief Page descriptor. Use as a bitmap to understand the order of the block
 /// and if it is free or allocated.
 typedef struct page_t {
-    /// Array of flags encoding also the zone number to which the page frame
-    /// belongs.
+    /// @brief Array of flags encoding also the zone number to which the page
+    /// frame belongs.
    unsigned long flags;
-    /// Page frame’s reference counter. 0 free, 1 used, 2+ copy on write
+    /// @brief Page frame’s reference counter. 0 free, 1 used, 2+ copy on write
    atomic_t count;
-    /// Buddy system page definition
+    /// @brief Buddy system page definition
    bb_page_t bbpage;
-    /// Contains pointers to the slabs doubly linked list of pages.
+    /// @brief Contains pointers to the slabs doubly linked list of pages.
    list_head slabs;

-    // Slab allocator variables / Contains the total number of objects in this
-    //page, 0 if not managed by the slub
+    /// @brief Slab allocator variables / Contains the total number of objects
+    /// in this page, 0 if not managed by the slub.
    unsigned int slab_objcnt;
-    ///  Tracks the number of free objects in the current page
+    /// @brief Tracks the number of free objects in the current page
    unsigned int slab_objfree;
-    /// Holds the first free object (if slab_objfree is > 0)
+    /// @brief Holds the first free object (if slab_objfree is > 0)
    list_head slab_freelist;
    /// @brief This union can either contain the pointer to the slab main page
    /// that handles this page, or the cache that contains it.
    union {
-        /// Holds the slab page used to handle this memory region (root page)
+        /// @brief Holds the slab page used to handle this memory region (root
+        /// page).
        struct page_t *slab_main_page;
-        /// Holds the slab cache pointer on the main page
+        /// @brief Holds the slab cache pointer on the main page.
        kmem_cache_t *slab_cache;
    } container;
 } page_t;
@@ -268,4 +268,4 @@ static inline void pause()
 // below the block of asm statements.
 //  ASM("  addic. %0,%1,%2\n" : "=r"(res): "=r"(a),"r"(a))
 // This can be particularly important in cases when the code is accessing
-// shared memory.
+// shared memory.
@@ -111,4 +111,4 @@ int sys_waitperiod();
 /// is no longer alive.
 /// @param gid ID of the group
 /// @return 1 if the group is orphan, 0 otherwise.
-int is_orphaned_pgrp(pid_t gid);
+int is_orphaned_pgrp(pid_t gid);
@@ -107,4 +107,4 @@ int default_wake_function(wait_queue_entry_t *wait, unsigned mode, int sync);
 /// @param wq Waitqueue where to sleep.
 /// @return Pointer to the entry inside the wq representing the 
 ///         sleeping process.
-wait_queue_entry_t *sleep_on(wait_queue_head_t *wq);
+wait_queue_entry_t *sleep_on(wait_queue_head_t *wq);
@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ int relocate_modules();

 /// @brief Returns the address where the modules end.
 /// @return Address after the modules.
-uintptr_t get_address_after_modules();
+uintptr_t get_address_after_modules();
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@
 /// @param msg The message that has to be shown.
 void kernel_panic(const char *msg);

-#define TODO(msg) kernel_panic(#msg);
+#define TODO(msg) kernel_panic(#msg);
@@ -268,13 +268,15 @@ int sys_kill(pid_t pid, int sig);
 /// @brief Sets the disposition of the signal signum to handler.
 /// @param signum  The signal number.
 /// @param handler The handler for the signal.
+/// @param sigreturn_addr The address of the sigreturn function.
 /// @return The previous value of the signal handler, or SIG_ERR on error.
 sighandler_t sys_signal(int signum, sighandler_t handler, uint32_t sigreturn_addr);

 /// @brief Examine and change a signal action.
 /// @param signum Specifies the signal and can be any valid signal except SIGKILL and SIGSTOP.
-/// @param act    If non-NULL, the new action for signal signum is installed from act.
+/// @param act If non-NULL, the new action for signal signum is installed from act.
 /// @param oldact If non-NULL, the previous action is saved in oldact.
+/// @param sigreturn_addr The address of the sigreturn function.
 /// @return returns 0 on success; on error, -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.
 int sys_sigaction(int signum, const sigaction_t *act, sigaction_t *oldact, uint32_t sigreturn_addr);

@@ -321,4 +323,4 @@ int sigdelset(sigset_t *set, int signum);
 /// @param signum The signalt to handle.
 /// @return 1 if signum is a member of set,
 ///         0 if signum is not a member, and -1 on error.
-int sigismember(sigset_t *set, int signum);
+int sigismember(sigset_t *set, int signum);
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 #define OS_MAJOR_VERSION 0

 /// Minor version of the operating system.
-#define OS_MINOR_VERSION 4
+#define OS_MINOR_VERSION 5

 /// Micro version of the operating system.
-#define OS_MICRO_VERSION 0
+#define OS_MICRO_VERSION 4

 /// Helper to transform the given argument into a string.
 #define OS_STR_HELPER(x) #x
@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
-OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf")
-OUTPUT_ARCH(i386)
+OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386")

 ENTRY(kmain)

-KERNEL_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS = 0xC0000000;
-
 MEMORY {
 	USER_SPACE : ORIGIN = 0x00000000, LENGTH = 3072M
-	KERNEL_LOWMEM : ORIGIN = KERNEL_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS, LENGTH = 896M
+	KERNEL_LOWMEM : ORIGIN = 0xC0000000, LENGTH = 896M
 	KERNEL_HIGHMEM : ORIGIN = 0xF8000000, LENGTH = 128M
 }


 SECTIONS
 {
-	. = KERNEL_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS;
+	. = 0xC0000000;
    /* Put the .text section. */
    .text . : AT(ADDR(.text))
    {
@@ -292,4 +292,4 @@ void boot_main(uint32_t magic, multiboot_info_t *header, uint32_t esp)
    boot_kernel(boot_info.stack_base, elf_hdr->entry, &boot_info);
 }

-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -192,4 +192,4 @@ void gdt_set_gate(uint8_t index, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access,
 // and the data selectors ds, ss, ..., should store 35 (0x23):
 //   |               0000000000100|   0|             11|
 //   |       index 4 (data)       | GDT| non-privileged|
-//
+//
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ static inline irq_struct_t *__irq_struct_alloc()
 /// @brief Destroys an irq struct.
 static inline void __irq_struct_dealloc(irq_struct_t *irq_struct)
 {
-    list_head_del(&irq_struct->siblings);
+    list_head_remove(&irq_struct->siblings);
    kmem_cache_free(irq_struct);
 }

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ int irq_install_handler(unsigned i, interrupt_handler_t handler, char *descripti
    irq_struct->description = description;
    irq_struct->handler     = handler;
    // Add the handler to the list of his siblings.
-    list_head_add_tail(&irq_struct->siblings, &shared_interrupt_handlers[i]);
+    list_head_insert_before(&irq_struct->siblings, &shared_interrupt_handlers[i]);
    return 0;
 }

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ int irq_uninstall_handler(unsigned i, interrupt_handler_t handler)
        irq_struct_t *irq_struct = list_entry(it, irq_struct_t, siblings);
        assert(irq_struct && "Something went wrong.");
        if (irq_struct->handler == handler) {
-            list_head_del(&irq_struct->siblings);
+            list_head_remove(&irq_struct->siblings);
        }
        __irq_struct_dealloc(irq_struct);
    }
@@ -29,23 +29,23 @@ uint8_t saves[512] __attribute__((aligned(16)));
 /// @param cw What to set the control word to.
 static inline void __set_fpu_cw(const uint16_t cw)
 {
-    asm volatile("fldcw %0" ::"m"(cw));
+    __asm__ __volatile__("fldcw %0" ::"m"(cw));
 }

 /// @brief Enable the FPU and SSE.
 static inline void __enable_fpu()
 {
-    asm volatile("clts");
+    __asm__ __volatile__("clts");
    size_t t;
-    asm volatile("mov %%cr0, %0"
+    __asm__ __volatile__("mov %%cr0, %0"
                 : "=r"(t));
    t &= ~(1U << 2U);
    t |= (1U << 1U);
-    asm volatile("mov %0, %%cr0" ::"r"(t));
-    asm volatile("mov %%cr4, %0"
+    __asm__ __volatile__("mov %0, %%cr0" ::"r"(t));
+    __asm__ __volatile__("mov %%cr4, %0"
                 : "=r"(t));
    t |= 3U << 9U;
-    asm volatile("mov %0, %%cr4" ::"r"(t));
+    __asm__ __volatile__("mov %0, %%cr4" ::"r"(t));
 }

 /// Disable FPU and SSE so it traps to the kernel.
@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ static inline void __disable_fpu()
 {
    size_t t;

-    asm volatile("mov %%cr0, %0"
+    __asm__ __volatile__("mov %%cr0, %0"
                 : "=r"(t));

    t |= 1U << 3U;

-    asm volatile("mov %0, %%cr0" ::"r"(t));
+    __asm__ __volatile__("mov %0, %%cr0" ::"r"(t));
 }

 /// @brief Restore the FPU for a process.
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ static inline void __restore_fpu(task_struct *proc)

    memcpy(&saves, (uint8_t *)&proc->thread.fpu_register, 512);

-    asm volatile("fxrstor (%0)" ::"r"(saves));
+    __asm__ __volatile__("fxrstor (%0)" ::"r"(saves));
 }

 /// Save the FPU for a process.
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ static inline void __save_fpu(task_struct *proc)
 {
    assert(proc && "Trying to save FPU of NULL process.");

-    asm volatile("fxsave (%0)" ::"r"(saves));
+    __asm__ __volatile__("fxsave (%0)" ::"r"(saves));

    memcpy((uint8_t *)&proc->thread.fpu_register, &saves, 512);
 }
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ static inline void __save_fpu(task_struct *proc)
 /// Initialize the FPU.
 static inline void __init_fpu()
 {
-    asm volatile("fninit");
+    __asm__ __volatile__("fninit");
 }

 /// Kernel trap for FPU usage when FPU is disabled.
@@ -496,4 +496,4 @@ void pci_debug_scan()
    pr_default("--------------------------------------------------\n");
 }

-///! @endcond
+///! @endcond
@@ -1159,4 +1159,4 @@ int ata_finalize()
    return 0;
 }

-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -65,4 +65,4 @@ int fdc_finalize()
    return 0;
 }

-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -301,4 +301,4 @@ int keyboard_finalize()
    return 0;
 }

-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -240,4 +240,4 @@ void init_keymaps()
    keymaps[KEYMAP_US][KEY_KP_DEC] = (keymap_t){ 0x532E, 0x532E, 0x5300, 0x5300 }; // 0x0053
 }

-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -214,4 +214,4 @@ int mouse_finalize()
    return 0;
 }

-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -328,4 +328,4 @@ int ps2_initialize()
    pr_debug("Status   : %s (%3d | %02x)\n", dec_to_binary(status, 8), status, status);

    return 0;
-}
+}
@@ -160,4 +160,4 @@ int rtc_finalize()
    return 0;
 }

-/// @}
+/// @}
@@ -453,4 +453,4 @@ const char *elf_symbol_bind_to_string(int bind)
    if (bind == STB_WEAK)
        return "WEAK";
    return "-1";
-}
+}
@@ -620,6 +620,7 @@ static void ext2_dump_inode(ext2_inode_t *inode)
    pr_debug("Symlink : %s\n", inode->data.symlink);
    pr_debug("Generation : %u file_acl : %u dir_acl : %u\n",
             inode->generation, inode->file_acl, inode->dir_acl);
+    (void)timeinfo;
 }

 /// @brief Dumps on debugging output the dirent.
@@ -2259,7 +2260,7 @@ static vfs_file_t *ext2_creat(const char *path, mode_t permission)
                goto close_parent_return_null;
            }
            // Add the vfs_file to the list of associated files.
-            list_head_add_tail(&file->siblings, &fs->opened_files);
+            list_head_insert_before(&file->siblings, &fs->opened_files);
        }
        return file;
    }
@@ -2378,7 +2379,7 @@ static vfs_file_t *ext2_open(const char *path, int flags, mode_t mode)
            return NULL;
        }
        // Add the vfs_file to the list of associated files.
-        list_head_add_tail(&file->siblings, &fs->opened_files);
+        list_head_insert_before(&file->siblings, &fs->opened_files);
    }
    return file;
 }
@@ -2487,7 +2488,7 @@ static int ext2_close(vfs_file_t *file)
    }
    pr_debug("ext2_close(ino: %d, file: \"%s\")\n", file->ino, file->name);
    // Remove the file from the list of opened files.
-    list_head_del(&file->siblings);
+    list_head_remove(&file->siblings);
    // Free the cache.
    kmem_cache_free(file);
    return 0;
@@ -3040,7 +3041,7 @@ static vfs_file_t *ext2_mount(vfs_file_t *block_device, const char *path)
        goto free_all;
    }
    // Add the root to the list of opened files.
-    list_head_add_tail(&fs->root->siblings, &fs->opened_files);
+    list_head_insert_before(&fs->root->siblings, &fs->opened_files);

    // Dump the filesystem details for debugging.
    ext2_dump_filesystem(fs);
@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@ int sys_ioctl(int fd, int request, void *data)

    // Perform the ioctl.
    return vfs_ioctl(file, request, data);
-}
+}
@@ -60,4 +60,4 @@ int sys_creat(const char *path, mode_t mode)

    // Return the file descriptor and increment it.
    return fd;
-}
+}
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ static inline procfs_file_t *procfs_create_file(const char *path, unsigned flags
    // List of all the PROCFS files.
    list_head_init(&procfs_file->siblings);
    // Add the file to the list of opened files.
-    list_head_add_tail(&procfs_file->siblings, &fs.files);
+    list_head_insert_before(&procfs_file->siblings, &fs.files);
    // Time of last access.
    procfs_file->atime = sys_time(NULL);
    // Time of last data modification.
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ static inline int procfs_destroy_file(procfs_file_t *procfs_file)
    }
    pr_debug("procfs_destroy_file(%p) `%s`\n", procfs_file, procfs_file->name);
    // Remove the file from the list of opened files.
-    list_head_del(&procfs_file->siblings);
+    list_head_remove(&procfs_file->siblings);
    // Free the cache.
    kmem_cache_free(procfs_file);
    // Decrease the number of files.
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ static vfs_file_t *procfs_open(const char *path, int flags, mode_t mode)
            // Update file access.
            procfs_file->atime = sys_time(NULL);
            // Add the vfs_file to the list of associated files.
-            list_head_add_tail(&vfs_file->siblings, &procfs_file->files);
+            list_head_insert_before(&vfs_file->siblings, &procfs_file->files);
            return vfs_file;
        }
        // Check if the user did not want to open a directory, but it is.
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ static vfs_file_t *procfs_open(const char *path, int flags, mode_t mode)
        // Update file access.
        procfs_file->atime = sys_time(NULL);
        // Add the vfs_file to the list of associated files.
-        list_head_add_tail(&vfs_file->siblings, &procfs_file->files);
+        list_head_insert_before(&vfs_file->siblings, &procfs_file->files);
        return vfs_file;
    }
    //  When both O_CREAT and O_DIRECTORY are specified in flags and the file
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ static vfs_file_t *procfs_open(const char *path, int flags, mode_t mode)
            return NULL;
        }
        // Add the vfs_file to the list of associated files.
-        list_head_add_tail(&vfs_file->siblings, &procfs_file->files);
+        list_head_insert_before(&vfs_file->siblings, &procfs_file->files);
        pr_debug("Created file `%s`.\n", path);
        return vfs_file;
    }
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ static int procfs_close(vfs_file_t *file)
    assert(file && "Received null file.");
    //pr_debug("procfs_close(%p): VFS file : %p\n", file, file);
    // Remove the file from the list of `files` inside its corresponding `procfs_file_t`.
-    list_head_del(&file->siblings);
+    list_head_remove(&file->siblings);
    // Free the memory of the file.
    kmem_cache_free(file);
    return 0;
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ static vfs_file_t *procfs_mount_callback(const char *path, const char *device)
    vfs_file_t *vfs_file = procfs_create_file_struct(procfs_file);
    assert(vfs_file && "Failed to create vfs_file.");
    // Add the vfs_file to the list of associated files.
-    list_head_add_tail(&vfs_file->siblings, &procfs_file->files);
+    list_head_insert_before(&vfs_file->siblings, &procfs_file->files);
    // Initialize the proc_root.
    return vfs_file;
 }
@@ -949,4 +949,4 @@ int proc_destroy_entry(const char *name, proc_dir_entry_t *parent)
        return -ENOENT;
    }
    return 0;
-}
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Enrico Fraccaroli	510a2c0e73	Merge branch 'hotfix/v0.5.4'	2022-12-19 12:21:50 +01:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	4f650b3704	Update version.	2022-12-19 12:21:40 +01:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	679b943e0e	Merge branch 'release/v0.5.3'	2022-12-19 11:59:15 +01:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	2d5e3ad41f	Update version.	2022-12-19 11:59:03 +01:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	48ac939566	Set block size of generated ext2 filesystem to 4096.	2022-12-19 11:56:22 +01:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	60873784d2	Fix how we retrieve the first element of the list.	2022-12-19 11:55:33 +01:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	f643e11212	Disable missing-braces warning.	2022-12-13 17:01:26 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	e654600c27	Deal with an unused variable.	2022-12-13 16:58:30 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	d499a07b0f	Remove -Wno-unused-but-set-variable flag.	2022-12-13 16:56:14 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	918b00e43d	Force linker to be ld.	2022-12-13 16:47:08 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	3d3c713828	Add verbose option	2022-12-13 16:02:21 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	55932ce89e	[WIP] Test extensive workflow.	2022-12-13 15:54:29 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	a572db52fd	Add newline at the end of the files. Add -Wno-unused-command-line-argument to programs compilation flow, to support clang.	2022-12-13 15:44:31 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	3f73b8d8a0	Add newline at the end of the files. Use built in keywords properly.	2022-12-13 14:31:27 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	0965669f4b	Add newline at the end of the files.	2022-12-13 14:25:16 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	565df959b1	Simplify doxygen documentation building.	2022-12-12 22:38:07 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	45376a2bb3	[Important] Extend main README. Write some more man entries.	2022-12-12 22:21:39 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	de9daa4a85	Add some missing documentation. There is still some work to do.	2022-12-09 11:35:30 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	8e1424fbec	Update comments.	2022-12-09 11:03:50 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	79f150a3d5	Update readme. Add SCHEDULER_AEDF to cmake options. Add exercise template inside the scheduler_algorithm.c file.	2022-12-09 10:58:09 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	b61655b9de	Merge tag 'v0.5.2' into develop Debugging hotfix	2022-12-08 13:23:31 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	3cf8ae04f1	Merge branch 'hotfix/v0.5.2'	2022-12-08 13:23:10 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	25b4a34f1b	Update version.	2022-12-08 13:23:03 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	b1f3169310	Align README and debugging procedure.	2022-12-08 13:20:17 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	26daf96b90	Merge tag 'v0.5.1' into develop MentOS version 0.5.1	2022-12-08 11:28:48 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	206d0ebf05	Merge branch 'release/v0.5.1'	2022-12-08 11:28:29 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	a64ce2f81d	Update version.	2022-12-08 11:28:17 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	5aaddd467c	Improve human readability of the Round-Robin algorithm.	2022-12-08 11:26:31 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	0fd6bec4a3	Improve human readability of list_head functions. Add message of the day suggesting to use the command.	2022-12-08 10:43:22 -05:00
Enrico Fraccaroli	c1cc7e366a	Merge tag 'v0.5.0' into develop MentOS version 0.5.0	2022-12-04 11:56:51 -05:00
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				Call `man` to have a list of all the commands.