Merge branch 'sipeed:main' into fix/reload-config-selfkill-guard

pkg/agent/context.go

@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ type ContextBuilder struct {
 }
 
 func getGlobalConfigDir() string {
+	if home := os.Getenv("PICOCLAW_HOME"); home != "" {
+		return home
+	}
 	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
 	if err != nil {
 		return ""
@@ -602,7 +605,60 @@ func sanitizeHistoryForProvider(history []providers.Message) []providers.Message
 		}
 	}
 
-	return sanitized
+	// Second pass: ensure every assistant message with tool_calls has matching
+	// tool result messages following it. This is required by strict providers
+	// like DeepSeek that enforce: "An assistant message with 'tool_calls' must
+	// be followed by tool messages responding to each 'tool_call_id'."
+	final := make([]providers.Message, 0, len(sanitized))
+	for i := 0; i < len(sanitized); i++ {
+		msg := sanitized[i]
+		if msg.Role == "assistant" && len(msg.ToolCalls) > 0 {
+			// Collect expected tool_call IDs
+			expected := make(map[string]bool, len(msg.ToolCalls))
+			for _, tc := range msg.ToolCalls {
+				expected[tc.ID] = false
+			}
+
+			// Check following messages for matching tool results
+			toolMsgCount := 0
+			for j := i + 1; j < len(sanitized); j++ {
+				if sanitized[j].Role != "tool" {
+					break
+				}
+				toolMsgCount++
+				if _, exists := expected[sanitized[j].ToolCallID]; exists {
+					expected[sanitized[j].ToolCallID] = true
+				}
+			}
+
+			// If any tool_call_id is missing, drop this assistant message and its partial tool messages
+			allFound := true
+			for toolCallID, found := range expected {
+				if !found {
+					allFound = false
+					logger.DebugCF(
+						"agent",
+						"Dropping assistant message with incomplete tool results",
+						map[string]any{
+							"missing_tool_call_id": toolCallID,
+							"expected_count":       len(expected),
+							"found_count":          toolMsgCount,
+						},
+					)
+					break
+				}
+			}
+
+			if !allFound {
+				// Skip this assistant message and its tool messages
+				i += toolMsgCount
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		final = append(final, msg)
+	}
+
+	return final
 }
 
 func (cb *ContextBuilder) AddToolResult(

pkg/agent/context_test.go

@@ -207,3 +207,77 @@ func assertRoles(t *testing.T, msgs []providers.Message, expected ...string) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// TestSanitizeHistoryForProvider_IncompleteToolResults tests the forward validation
+// that ensures assistant messages with tool_calls have ALL matching tool results.
+// This fixes the DeepSeek error: "An assistant message with 'tool_calls' must be
+// followed by tool messages responding to each 'tool_call_id'."
+func TestSanitizeHistoryForProvider_IncompleteToolResults(t *testing.T) {
+	// Assistant expects tool results for both A and B, but only A is present
+	history := []providers.Message{
+		msg("user", "do two things"),
+		assistantWithTools("A", "B"),
+		toolResult("A"),
+		// toolResult("B") is missing - this would cause DeepSeek to fail
+		msg("user", "next question"),
+		msg("assistant", "answer"),
+	}
+
+	result := sanitizeHistoryForProvider(history)
+	// The assistant message with incomplete tool results should be dropped,
+	// along with its partial tool result. The remaining messages are:
+	// user ("do two things"), user ("next question"), assistant ("answer")
+	if len(result) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 messages, got %d: %+v", len(result), roles(result))
+	}
+	assertRoles(t, result, "user", "user", "assistant")
+}
+
+// TestSanitizeHistoryForProvider_MissingAllToolResults tests the case where
+// an assistant message has tool_calls but no tool results follow at all.
+func TestSanitizeHistoryForProvider_MissingAllToolResults(t *testing.T) {
+	history := []providers.Message{
+		msg("user", "do something"),
+		assistantWithTools("A"),
+		// No tool results at all
+		msg("user", "hello"),
+		msg("assistant", "hi"),
+	}
+
+	result := sanitizeHistoryForProvider(history)
+	// The assistant message with no tool results should be dropped.
+	// Remaining: user ("do something"), user ("hello"), assistant ("hi")
+	if len(result) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 messages, got %d: %+v", len(result), roles(result))
+	}
+	assertRoles(t, result, "user", "user", "assistant")
+}
+
+// TestSanitizeHistoryForProvider_PartialToolResultsInMiddle tests that
+// incomplete tool results in the middle of a conversation are properly handled.
+func TestSanitizeHistoryForProvider_PartialToolResultsInMiddle(t *testing.T) {
+	history := []providers.Message{
+		msg("user", "first"),
+		assistantWithTools("A"),
+		toolResult("A"),
+		msg("assistant", "done"),
+		msg("user", "second"),
+		assistantWithTools("B", "C"),
+		toolResult("B"),
+		// toolResult("C") is missing
+		msg("user", "third"),
+		assistantWithTools("D"),
+		toolResult("D"),
+		msg("assistant", "all done"),
+	}
+
+	result := sanitizeHistoryForProvider(history)
+	// First round is complete (user, assistant+tools, tool, assistant),
+	// second round is incomplete and dropped (assistant+tools, partial tool),
+	// third round is complete (user, assistant+tools, tool, assistant).
+	// Remaining: user, assistant, tool, assistant, user, user, assistant, tool, assistant
+	if len(result) != 9 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 9 messages, got %d: %+v", len(result), roles(result))
+	}
+	assertRoles(t, result, "user", "assistant", "tool", "assistant", "user", "user", "assistant", "tool", "assistant")
+}

pkg/agent/instance.go

@@ -37,6 +37,14 @@ type AgentInstance struct {
 	Subagents                 *config.SubagentsConfig
 	SkillsFilter              []string
 	Candidates                []providers.FallbackCandidate
+
+	// Router is non-nil when model routing is configured and the light model
+	// was successfully resolved. It scores each incoming message and decides
+	// whether to route to LightCandidates or stay with Candidates.
+	Router *routing.Router
+	// LightCandidates holds the resolved provider candidates for the light model.
+	// Pre-computed at agent creation to avoid repeated model_list lookups at runtime.
+	LightCandidates []providers.FallbackCandidate
 }
 
 // NewAgentInstance creates an agent instance from config.
@@ -60,17 +68,30 @@ func NewAgentInstance(
 	allowWritePaths := compilePatterns(cfg.Tools.AllowWritePaths)
 
 	toolsRegistry := tools.NewToolRegistry()
-	toolsRegistry.Register(tools.NewReadFileTool(workspace, readRestrict, allowReadPaths))
-	toolsRegistry.Register(tools.NewWriteFileTool(workspace, restrict, allowWritePaths))
-	toolsRegistry.Register(tools.NewListDirTool(workspace, readRestrict, allowReadPaths))
-	execTool, err := tools.NewExecToolWithConfig(workspace, restrict, cfg)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Critical error: unable to initialize exec tool: %v", err)
-	}
-	toolsRegistry.Register(execTool)
 
-	toolsRegistry.Register(tools.NewEditFileTool(workspace, restrict, allowWritePaths))
-	toolsRegistry.Register(tools.NewAppendFileTool(workspace, restrict, allowWritePaths))
+	if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("read_file") {
+		toolsRegistry.Register(tools.NewReadFileTool(workspace, readRestrict, allowReadPaths))
+	}
+	if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("write_file") {
+		toolsRegistry.Register(tools.NewWriteFileTool(workspace, restrict, allowWritePaths))
+	}
+	if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("list_dir") {
+		toolsRegistry.Register(tools.NewListDirTool(workspace, readRestrict, allowReadPaths))
+	}
+	if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("exec") {
+		execTool, err := tools.NewExecToolWithConfig(workspace, restrict, cfg)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("Critical error: unable to initialize exec tool: %v", err)
+		}
+		toolsRegistry.Register(execTool)
+	}
+
+	if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("edit_file") {
+		toolsRegistry.Register(tools.NewEditFileTool(workspace, restrict, allowWritePaths))
+	}
+	if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("append_file") {
+		toolsRegistry.Register(tools.NewAppendFileTool(workspace, restrict, allowWritePaths))
+	}
 
 	sessionsDir := filepath.Join(workspace, "sessions")
 	sessionsManager := session.NewSessionManager(sessionsDir)
@@ -167,6 +188,25 @@ func NewAgentInstance(
 
 	candidates := providers.ResolveCandidatesWithLookup(modelCfg, defaults.Provider, resolveFromModelList)
 
+	// Model routing setup: pre-resolve light model candidates at creation time
+	// to avoid repeated model_list lookups on every incoming message.
+	var router *routing.Router
+	var lightCandidates []providers.FallbackCandidate
+	if rc := defaults.Routing; rc != nil && rc.Enabled && rc.LightModel != "" {
+		lightModelCfg := providers.ModelConfig{Primary: rc.LightModel}
+		resolved := providers.ResolveCandidatesWithLookup(lightModelCfg, defaults.Provider, resolveFromModelList)
+		if len(resolved) > 0 {
+			router = routing.New(routing.RouterConfig{
+				LightModel: rc.LightModel,
+				Threshold:  rc.Threshold,
+			})
+			lightCandidates = resolved
+		} else {
+			log.Printf("routing: light_model %q not found in model_list — routing disabled for agent %q",
+				rc.LightModel, agentID)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return &AgentInstance{
 		ID:                        agentID,
 		Name:                      agentName,
@@ -187,6 +227,8 @@ func NewAgentInstance(
 		Subagents:                 subagents,
 		SkillsFilter:              skillsFilter,
 		Candidates:                candidates,
+		Router:                    router,
+		LightCandidates:           lightCandidates,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -195,12 +237,13 @@ func resolveAgentWorkspace(agentCfg *config.AgentConfig, defaults *config.AgentD
 	if agentCfg != nil && strings.TrimSpace(agentCfg.Workspace) != "" {
 		return expandHome(strings.TrimSpace(agentCfg.Workspace))
 	}
+	// Use the configured default workspace (respects PICOCLAW_HOME)
 	if agentCfg == nil || agentCfg.Default || agentCfg.ID == "" || routing.NormalizeAgentID(agentCfg.ID) == "main" {
 		return expandHome(defaults.Workspace)
 	}
-	home, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+	// For named agents without explicit workspace, use default workspace with agent ID suffix
 	id := routing.NormalizeAgentID(agentCfg.ID)
-	return filepath.Join(home, ".picoclaw", "workspace-"+id)
+	return filepath.Join(expandHome(defaults.Workspace), "..", "workspace-"+id)
 }
 
 // resolveAgentModel resolves the primary model for an agent.

pkg/agent/loop.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/commands"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/constants"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ type AgentLoop struct {
 	channelManager *channels.Manager
 	mediaStore     media.MediaStore
 	transcriber    voice.Transcriber
+	cmdRegistry    *commands.Registry
 }
 
 // processOptions configures how a message is processed
@@ -61,7 +63,15 @@ type processOptions struct {
 	NoHistory       bool     // If true, don't load session history (for heartbeat)
 }
 
-const defaultResponse = "I've completed processing but have no response to give. Increase `max_tool_iterations` in config.json."
+const (
+	defaultResponse           = "I've completed processing but have no response to give. Increase `max_tool_iterations` in config.json."
+	sessionKeyAgentPrefix     = "agent:"
+	metadataKeyAccountID      = "account_id"
+	metadataKeyGuildID        = "guild_id"
+	metadataKeyTeamID         = "team_id"
+	metadataKeyParentPeerKind = "parent_peer_kind"
+	metadataKeyParentPeerID   = "parent_peer_id"
+)
 
 func NewAgentLoop(
 	cfg *config.Config,
@@ -84,14 +94,17 @@ func NewAgentLoop(
 		stateManager = state.NewManager(defaultAgent.Workspace)
 	}
 
-	return &AgentLoop{
+	al := &AgentLoop{
 		bus:         msgBus,
 		cfg:         cfg,
 		registry:    registry,
 		state:       stateManager,
 		summarizing: sync.Map{},
 		fallback:    fallbackChain,
+		cmdRegistry: commands.NewRegistry(commands.BuiltinDefinitions()),
 	}
+
+	return al
 }
 
 // registerSharedTools registers tools that are shared across all agents (web, message, spawn).
@@ -108,76 +121,106 @@ func registerSharedTools(
 		}
 
 		// Web tools
-		searchTool, err := tools.NewWebSearchTool(tools.WebSearchToolOptions{
-			BraveAPIKey:          cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKey,
-			BraveMaxResults:      cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.MaxResults,
-			BraveEnabled:         cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.Enabled,
-			TavilyAPIKey:         cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.APIKey,
-			TavilyBaseURL:        cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.BaseURL,
-			TavilyMaxResults:     cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.MaxResults,
-			TavilyEnabled:        cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.Enabled,
-			DuckDuckGoMaxResults: cfg.Tools.Web.DuckDuckGo.MaxResults,
-			DuckDuckGoEnabled:    cfg.Tools.Web.DuckDuckGo.Enabled,
-			PerplexityAPIKey:     cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.APIKey,
-			PerplexityMaxResults: cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.MaxResults,
-			PerplexityEnabled:    cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.Enabled,
-			GLMSearchAPIKey:      cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.APIKey,
-			GLMSearchBaseURL:     cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.BaseURL,
-			GLMSearchEngine:      cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.SearchEngine,
-			GLMSearchMaxResults:  cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.MaxResults,
-			GLMSearchEnabled:     cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.Enabled,
-			Proxy:                cfg.Tools.Web.Proxy,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.ErrorCF("agent", "Failed to create web search tool", map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
-		} else if searchTool != nil {
-			agent.Tools.Register(searchTool)
+		if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("web") {
+			searchTool, err := tools.NewWebSearchTool(tools.WebSearchToolOptions{
+				BraveAPIKey:          cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKey,
+				BraveMaxResults:      cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.MaxResults,
+				BraveEnabled:         cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.Enabled,
+				TavilyAPIKey:         cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.APIKey,
+				TavilyBaseURL:        cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.BaseURL,
+				TavilyMaxResults:     cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.MaxResults,
+				TavilyEnabled:        cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.Enabled,
+				DuckDuckGoMaxResults: cfg.Tools.Web.DuckDuckGo.MaxResults,
+				DuckDuckGoEnabled:    cfg.Tools.Web.DuckDuckGo.Enabled,
+				PerplexityAPIKey:     cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.APIKey,
+				PerplexityMaxResults: cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.MaxResults,
+				PerplexityEnabled:    cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.Enabled,
+				SearXNGBaseURL:       cfg.Tools.Web.SearXNG.BaseURL,
+				SearXNGMaxResults:    cfg.Tools.Web.SearXNG.MaxResults,
+				SearXNGEnabled:       cfg.Tools.Web.SearXNG.Enabled,
+				GLMSearchAPIKey:      cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.APIKey,
+				GLMSearchBaseURL:     cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.BaseURL,
+				GLMSearchEngine:      cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.SearchEngine,
+				GLMSearchMaxResults:  cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.MaxResults,
+				GLMSearchEnabled:     cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.Enabled,
+				Proxy:                cfg.Tools.Web.Proxy,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.ErrorCF("agent", "Failed to create web search tool", map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
+			} else if searchTool != nil {
+				agent.Tools.Register(searchTool)
+			}
 		}
-		fetchTool, err := tools.NewWebFetchToolWithProxy(50000, cfg.Tools.Web.Proxy, cfg.Tools.Web.FetchLimitBytes)
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.ErrorCF("agent", "Failed to create web fetch tool", map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
-		} else {
-			agent.Tools.Register(fetchTool)
+		if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("web_fetch") {
+			fetchTool, err := tools.NewWebFetchToolWithProxy(50000, cfg.Tools.Web.Proxy, cfg.Tools.Web.FetchLimitBytes)
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.ErrorCF("agent", "Failed to create web fetch tool", map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
+			} else {
+				agent.Tools.Register(fetchTool)
+			}
 		}
 
 		// Hardware tools (I2C, SPI) - Linux only, returns error on other platforms
-		agent.Tools.Register(tools.NewI2CTool())
-		agent.Tools.Register(tools.NewSPITool())
+		if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("i2c") {
+			agent.Tools.Register(tools.NewI2CTool())
+		}
+		if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("spi") {
+			agent.Tools.Register(tools.NewSPITool())
+		}
 
 		// Message tool
-		messageTool := tools.NewMessageTool()
-		messageTool.SetSendCallback(func(channel, chatID, content string) error {
-			pubCtx, pubCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-			defer pubCancel()
-			return msgBus.PublishOutbound(pubCtx, bus.OutboundMessage{
-				Channel: channel,
-				ChatID:  chatID,
-				Content: content,
+		if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("message") {
+			messageTool := tools.NewMessageTool()
+			messageTool.SetSendCallback(func(channel, chatID, content string) error {
+				pubCtx, pubCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+				defer pubCancel()
+				return msgBus.PublishOutbound(pubCtx, bus.OutboundMessage{
+					Channel: channel,
+					ChatID:  chatID,
+					Content: content,
+				})
 			})
-		})
-		agent.Tools.Register(messageTool)
+			agent.Tools.Register(messageTool)
+		}
 
 		// Skill discovery and installation tools
-		registryMgr := skills.NewRegistryManagerFromConfig(skills.RegistryConfig{
-			MaxConcurrentSearches: cfg.Tools.Skills.MaxConcurrentSearches,
-			ClawHub:               skills.ClawHubConfig(cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub),
-		})
-		searchCache := skills.NewSearchCache(
-			cfg.Tools.Skills.SearchCache.MaxSize,
-			time.Duration(cfg.Tools.Skills.SearchCache.TTLSeconds)*time.Second,
-		)
-		agent.Tools.Register(tools.NewFindSkillsTool(registryMgr, searchCache))
-		agent.Tools.Register(tools.NewInstallSkillTool(registryMgr, agent.Workspace))
+		skills_enabled := cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("skills")
+		find_skills_enable := cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("find_skills")
+		install_skills_enable := cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("install_skill")
+		if skills_enabled && (find_skills_enable || install_skills_enable) {
+			registryMgr := skills.NewRegistryManagerFromConfig(skills.RegistryConfig{
+				MaxConcurrentSearches: cfg.Tools.Skills.MaxConcurrentSearches,
+				ClawHub:               skills.ClawHubConfig(cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub),
+			})
+
+			if find_skills_enable {
+				searchCache := skills.NewSearchCache(
+					cfg.Tools.Skills.SearchCache.MaxSize,
+					time.Duration(cfg.Tools.Skills.SearchCache.TTLSeconds)*time.Second,
+				)
+				agent.Tools.Register(tools.NewFindSkillsTool(registryMgr, searchCache))
+			}
+
+			if install_skills_enable {
+				agent.Tools.Register(tools.NewInstallSkillTool(registryMgr, agent.Workspace))
+			}
+		}
 
 		// Spawn tool with allowlist checker
-		subagentManager := tools.NewSubagentManager(provider, agent.Model, agent.Workspace, msgBus)
-		subagentManager.SetLLMOptions(agent.MaxTokens, agent.Temperature)
-		spawnTool := tools.NewSpawnTool(subagentManager)
-		currentAgentID := agentID
-		spawnTool.SetAllowlistChecker(func(targetAgentID string) bool {
-			return registry.CanSpawnSubagent(currentAgentID, targetAgentID)
-		})
-		agent.Tools.Register(spawnTool)
+		if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("spawn") {
+			if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("subagent") {
+				subagentManager := tools.NewSubagentManager(provider, agent.Model, agent.Workspace, msgBus)
+				subagentManager.SetLLMOptions(agent.MaxTokens, agent.Temperature)
+				spawnTool := tools.NewSpawnTool(subagentManager)
+				currentAgentID := agentID
+				spawnTool.SetAllowlistChecker(func(targetAgentID string) bool {
+					return registry.CanSpawnSubagent(currentAgentID, targetAgentID)
+				})
+				agent.Tools.Register(spawnTool)
+			} else {
+				logger.WarnCF("agent", "spawn tool requires subagent to be enabled", nil)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -185,7 +228,7 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	al.running.Store(true)
 
 	// Initialize MCP servers for all agents
-	if al.cfg.Tools.MCP.Enabled {
+	if al.cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("mcp") {
 		mcpManager := mcp.NewManager()
 		// Ensure MCP connections are cleaned up on exit, regardless of initialization success
 		// This fixes resource leak when LoadFromMCPConfig partially succeeds then fails
@@ -227,6 +270,7 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 						if !ok {
 							continue
 						}
+
 						mcpTool := tools.NewMCPTool(mcpManager, serverName, tool)
 						agent.Tools.Register(mcpTool)
 						totalRegistrations++
@@ -518,27 +562,18 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) processMessage(ctx context.Context, msg bus.InboundMessage)
 		return al.processSystemMessage(ctx, msg)
 	}
 
-	// Check for commands
-	if response, handled := al.handleCommand(ctx, msg); handled {
+	route, agent, routeErr := al.resolveMessageRoute(msg)
+
+	// Commands are checked before requiring a successful route.
+	// Global commands (/help, /show, /switch) work even when routing fails;
+	// context-dependent commands check their own Runtime fields and report
+	// "unavailable" when the required capability is nil.
+	if response, handled := al.handleCommand(ctx, msg, agent); handled {
 		return response, nil
 	}
 
-	// Route to determine agent and session key
-	route := al.registry.ResolveRoute(routing.RouteInput{
-		Channel:    msg.Channel,
-		AccountID:  msg.Metadata["account_id"],
-		Peer:       extractPeer(msg),
-		ParentPeer: extractParentPeer(msg),
-		GuildID:    msg.Metadata["guild_id"],
-		TeamID:     msg.Metadata["team_id"],
-	})
-
-	agent, ok := al.registry.GetAgent(route.AgentID)
-	if !ok {
-		agent = al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
-	}
-	if agent == nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("no agent available for route (agent_id=%s)", route.AgentID)
+	if routeErr != nil {
+		return "", routeErr
 	}
 
 	// Reset message-tool state for this round so we don't skip publishing due to a previous round.
@@ -548,17 +583,18 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) processMessage(ctx context.Context, msg bus.InboundMessage)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Use routed session key, but honor pre-set agent-scoped keys (for ProcessDirect/cron)
-	sessionKey := route.SessionKey
-	if msg.SessionKey != "" && strings.HasPrefix(msg.SessionKey, "agent:") {
-		sessionKey = msg.SessionKey
-	}
+	// Resolve session key from route, while preserving explicit agent-scoped keys.
+	scopeKey := resolveScopeKey(route, msg.SessionKey)
+	sessionKey := scopeKey
 
 	logger.InfoCF("agent", "Routed message",
 		map[string]any{
-			"agent_id":    agent.ID,
-			"session_key": sessionKey,
-			"matched_by":  route.MatchedBy,
+			"agent_id":      agent.ID,
+			"scope_key":     scopeKey,
+			"session_key":   sessionKey,
+			"matched_by":    route.MatchedBy,
+			"route_agent":   route.AgentID,
+			"route_channel": route.Channel,
 		})
 
 	return al.runAgentLoop(ctx, agent, processOptions{
@@ -573,6 +609,34 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) processMessage(ctx context.Context, msg bus.InboundMessage)
 	})
 }
 
+func (al *AgentLoop) resolveMessageRoute(msg bus.InboundMessage) (routing.ResolvedRoute, *AgentInstance, error) {
+	route := al.registry.ResolveRoute(routing.RouteInput{
+		Channel:    msg.Channel,
+		AccountID:  inboundMetadata(msg, metadataKeyAccountID),
+		Peer:       extractPeer(msg),
+		ParentPeer: extractParentPeer(msg),
+		GuildID:    inboundMetadata(msg, metadataKeyGuildID),
+		TeamID:     inboundMetadata(msg, metadataKeyTeamID),
+	})
+
+	agent, ok := al.registry.GetAgent(route.AgentID)
+	if !ok {
+		agent = al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
+	}
+	if agent == nil {
+		return routing.ResolvedRoute{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("no agent available for route (agent_id=%s)", route.AgentID)
+	}
+
+	return route, agent, nil
+}
+
+func resolveScopeKey(route routing.ResolvedRoute, msgSessionKey string) string {
+	if msgSessionKey != "" && strings.HasPrefix(msgSessionKey, sessionKeyAgentPrefix) {
+		return msgSessionKey
+	}
+	return route.SessionKey
+}
+
 func (al *AgentLoop) processSystemMessage(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	msg bus.InboundMessage,
@@ -793,6 +857,12 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
 	iteration := 0
 	var finalContent string
 
+	// Determine effective model tier for this conversation turn.
+	// selectCandidates evaluates routing once and the decision is sticky for
+	// all tool-follow-up iterations within the same turn so that a multi-step
+	// tool chain doesn't switch models mid-way through.
+	activeCandidates, activeModel := al.selectCandidates(agent, opts.UserMessage, messages)
+
 	for iteration < agent.MaxIterations {
 		iteration++
 
@@ -811,7 +881,7 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
 			map[string]any{
 				"agent_id":          agent.ID,
 				"iteration":         iteration,
-				"model":             agent.Model,
+				"model":             activeModel,
 				"messages_count":    len(messages),
 				"tools_count":       len(providerToolDefs),
 				"max_tokens":        agent.MaxTokens,
@@ -827,7 +897,7 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
 				"tools_json":    formatToolsForLog(providerToolDefs),
 			})
 
-		// Call LLM with fallback chain if candidates are configured.
+		// Call LLM with fallback chain if multiple candidates are configured.
 		var response *providers.LLMResponse
 		var err error
 
@@ -848,10 +918,10 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
 		}
 
 		callLLM := func() (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
-			if len(agent.Candidates) > 1 && al.fallback != nil {
+			if len(activeCandidates) > 1 && al.fallback != nil {
 				fbResult, fbErr := al.fallback.Execute(
 					ctx,
-					agent.Candidates,
+					activeCandidates,
 					func(ctx context.Context, provider, model string) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
 						return agent.Provider.Chat(ctx, messages, providerToolDefs, model, llmOpts)
 					},
@@ -869,7 +939,7 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
 				}
 				return fbResult.Response, nil
 			}
-			return agent.Provider.Chat(ctx, messages, providerToolDefs, agent.Model, llmOpts)
+			return agent.Provider.Chat(ctx, messages, providerToolDefs, activeModel, llmOpts)
 		}
 
 		// Retry loop for context/token errors
@@ -1138,6 +1208,44 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
 	return finalContent, iteration, nil
 }
 
+// selectCandidates returns the model candidates and resolved model name to use
+// for a conversation turn. When model routing is configured and the incoming
+// message scores below the complexity threshold, it returns the light model
+// candidates instead of the primary ones.
+//
+// The returned (candidates, model) pair is used for all LLM calls within one
+// turn — tool follow-up iterations use the same tier as the initial call so
+// that a multi-step tool chain doesn't switch models mid-way.
+func (al *AgentLoop) selectCandidates(
+	agent *AgentInstance,
+	userMsg string,
+	history []providers.Message,
+) (candidates []providers.FallbackCandidate, model string) {
+	if agent.Router == nil || len(agent.LightCandidates) == 0 {
+		return agent.Candidates, agent.Model
+	}
+
+	_, usedLight, score := agent.Router.SelectModel(userMsg, history, agent.Model)
+	if !usedLight {
+		logger.DebugCF("agent", "Model routing: primary model selected",
+			map[string]any{
+				"agent_id":  agent.ID,
+				"score":     score,
+				"threshold": agent.Router.Threshold(),
+			})
+		return agent.Candidates, agent.Model
+	}
+
+	logger.InfoCF("agent", "Model routing: light model selected",
+		map[string]any{
+			"agent_id":    agent.ID,
+			"light_model": agent.Router.LightModel(),
+			"score":       score,
+			"threshold":   agent.Router.Threshold(),
+		})
+	return agent.LightCandidates, agent.Router.LightModel()
+}
+
 // maybeSummarize triggers summarization if the session history exceeds thresholds.
 func (al *AgentLoop) maybeSummarize(agent *AgentInstance, sessionKey, channel, chatID string) {
 	newHistory := agent.Sessions.GetHistory(sessionKey)
@@ -1429,94 +1537,87 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) estimateTokens(messages []providers.Message) int {
 	return totalChars * 2 / 5
 }
 
-func (al *AgentLoop) handleCommand(ctx context.Context, msg bus.InboundMessage) (string, bool) {
-	content := strings.TrimSpace(msg.Content)
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(content, "/") {
+func (al *AgentLoop) handleCommand(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	msg bus.InboundMessage,
+	agent *AgentInstance,
+) (string, bool) {
+	if !commands.HasCommandPrefix(msg.Content) {
 		return "", false
 	}
 
-	parts := strings.Fields(content)
-	if len(parts) == 0 {
+	if al.cmdRegistry == nil {
 		return "", false
 	}
 
-	cmd := parts[0]
-	args := parts[1:]
+	rt := al.buildCommandsRuntime(agent)
+	executor := commands.NewExecutor(al.cmdRegistry, rt)
 
-	switch cmd {
-	case "/show":
-		if len(args) < 1 {
-			return "Usage: /show [model|channel|agents]", true
-		}
-		switch args[0] {
-		case "model":
-			defaultAgent := al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
-			if defaultAgent == nil {
-				return "No default agent configured", true
-			}
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Current model: %s", defaultAgent.Model), true
-		case "channel":
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Current channel: %s", msg.Channel), true
-		case "agents":
-			agentIDs := al.registry.ListAgentIDs()
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Registered agents: %s", strings.Join(agentIDs, ", ")), true
-		default:
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Unknown show target: %s", args[0]), true
-		}
+	var commandReply string
+	result := executor.Execute(ctx, commands.Request{
+		Channel:  msg.Channel,
+		ChatID:   msg.ChatID,
+		SenderID: msg.SenderID,
+		Text:     msg.Content,
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			commandReply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
 
-	case "/list":
-		if len(args) < 1 {
-			return "Usage: /list [models|channels|agents]", true
+	switch result.Outcome {
+	case commands.OutcomeHandled:
+		if result.Err != nil {
+			return mapCommandError(result), true
 		}
-		switch args[0] {
-		case "models":
-			return "Available models: configured in config.json per agent", true
-		case "channels":
+		if commandReply != "" {
+			return commandReply, true
+		}
+		return "", true
+	default: // OutcomePassthrough — let the message fall through to LLM
+		return "", false
+	}
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) buildCommandsRuntime(agent *AgentInstance) *commands.Runtime {
+	rt := &commands.Runtime{
+		Config:          al.cfg,
+		ListAgentIDs:    al.registry.ListAgentIDs,
+		ListDefinitions: al.cmdRegistry.Definitions,
+		GetEnabledChannels: func() []string {
 			if al.channelManager == nil {
-				return "Channel manager not initialized", true
+				return nil
 			}
-			channels := al.channelManager.GetEnabledChannels()
-			if len(channels) == 0 {
-				return "No channels enabled", true
-			}
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Enabled channels: %s", strings.Join(channels, ", ")), true
-		case "agents":
-			agentIDs := al.registry.ListAgentIDs()
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Registered agents: %s", strings.Join(agentIDs, ", ")), true
-		default:
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Unknown list target: %s", args[0]), true
-		}
-
-	case "/switch":
-		if len(args) < 3 || args[1] != "to" {
-			return "Usage: /switch [model|channel] to <name>", true
-		}
-		target := args[0]
-		value := args[2]
-
-		switch target {
-		case "model":
-			defaultAgent := al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
-			if defaultAgent == nil {
-				return "No default agent configured", true
-			}
-			oldModel := defaultAgent.Model
-			defaultAgent.Model = value
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Switched model from %s to %s", oldModel, value), true
-		case "channel":
+			return al.channelManager.GetEnabledChannels()
+		},
+		SwitchChannel: func(value string) error {
 			if al.channelManager == nil {
-				return "Channel manager not initialized", true
+				return fmt.Errorf("channel manager not initialized")
 			}
 			if _, exists := al.channelManager.GetChannel(value); !exists && value != "cli" {
-				return fmt.Sprintf("Channel '%s' not found or not enabled", value), true
+				return fmt.Errorf("channel '%s' not found or not enabled", value)
 			}
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Switched target channel to %s", value), true
-		default:
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Unknown switch target: %s", target), true
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	if agent != nil {
+		rt.GetModelInfo = func() (string, string) {
+			return agent.Model, al.cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider
+		}
+		rt.SwitchModel = func(value string) (string, error) {
+			oldModel := agent.Model
+			agent.Model = value
+			return oldModel, nil
 		}
 	}
+	return rt
+}
 
-	return "", false
+func mapCommandError(result commands.ExecuteResult) string {
+	if result.Command == "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("Failed to execute command: %v", result.Err)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("Failed to execute /%s: %v", result.Command, result.Err)
 }
 
 // extractPeer extracts the routing peer from the inbound message's structured Peer field.
@@ -1535,10 +1636,17 @@ func extractPeer(msg bus.InboundMessage) *routing.RoutePeer {
 	return &routing.RoutePeer{Kind: msg.Peer.Kind, ID: peerID}
 }
 
+func inboundMetadata(msg bus.InboundMessage, key string) string {
+	if msg.Metadata == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return msg.Metadata[key]
+}
+
 // extractParentPeer extracts the parent peer (reply-to) from inbound message metadata.
 func extractParentPeer(msg bus.InboundMessage) *routing.RoutePeer {
-	parentKind := msg.Metadata["parent_peer_kind"]
-	parentID := msg.Metadata["parent_peer_id"]
+	parentKind := inboundMetadata(msg, metadataKeyParentPeerKind)
+	parentID := inboundMetadata(msg, metadataKeyParentPeerID)
 	if parentKind == "" || parentID == "" {
 		return nil
 	}

pkg/agent/loop_test.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/routing"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/tools"
 )
 
@@ -227,16 +228,11 @@ func TestAgentLoop_GetStartupInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
-	cfg := &config.Config{
-		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
-				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
-				MaxTokens:         4096,
-				MaxToolIterations: 10,
-			},
-		},
-	}
+	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace = tmpDir
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "test-model"
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens = 4096
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxToolIterations = 10
 
 	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
 	provider := &mockProvider{}
@@ -323,6 +319,29 @@ func (m *simpleMockProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
 	return "mock-model"
 }
 
+type countingMockProvider struct {
+	response string
+	calls    int
+}
+
+func (m *countingMockProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	m.calls++
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content:   m.response,
+		ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *countingMockProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "counting-mock-model"
+}
+
 // mockCustomTool is a simple mock tool for registration testing
 type mockCustomTool struct{}
 
@@ -364,6 +383,198 @@ func (h testHelper) executeAndGetResponse(tb testing.TB, ctx context.Context, ms
 
 const responseTimeout = 3 * time.Second
 
+func TestProcessMessage_UsesRouteSessionKey(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				Model:             "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &simpleMockProvider{response: "ok"}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	msg := bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		Content:  "hello",
+		Peer: bus.Peer{
+			Kind: "direct",
+			ID:   "user1",
+		},
+	}
+
+	route := al.registry.ResolveRoute(routing.RouteInput{
+		Channel: msg.Channel,
+		Peer:    extractPeer(msg),
+	})
+	sessionKey := route.SessionKey
+
+	defaultAgent := al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
+	if defaultAgent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("No default agent found")
+	}
+
+	helper := testHelper{al: al}
+	_ = helper.executeAndGetResponse(t, context.Background(), msg)
+
+	history := defaultAgent.Sessions.GetHistory(sessionKey)
+	if len(history) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected session history len=2, got %d", len(history))
+	}
+	if history[0].Role != "user" || history[0].Content != "hello" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected first message in session: %+v", history[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessMessage_CommandOutcomes(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				Model:             "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+		Session: config.SessionConfig{
+			DMScope: "per-channel-peer",
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &countingMockProvider{response: "LLM reply"}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+	helper := testHelper{al: al}
+
+	baseMsg := bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "whatsapp",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		Peer: bus.Peer{
+			Kind: "direct",
+			ID:   "user1",
+		},
+	}
+
+	showResp := helper.executeAndGetResponse(t, context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  baseMsg.Channel,
+		SenderID: baseMsg.SenderID,
+		ChatID:   baseMsg.ChatID,
+		Content:  "/show channel",
+		Peer:     baseMsg.Peer,
+	})
+	if showResp != "Current Channel: whatsapp" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected /show reply: %q", showResp)
+	}
+	if provider.calls != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("LLM should not be called for handled command, calls=%d", provider.calls)
+	}
+
+	fooResp := helper.executeAndGetResponse(t, context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  baseMsg.Channel,
+		SenderID: baseMsg.SenderID,
+		ChatID:   baseMsg.ChatID,
+		Content:  "/foo",
+		Peer:     baseMsg.Peer,
+	})
+	if fooResp != "LLM reply" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected /foo reply: %q", fooResp)
+	}
+	if provider.calls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("LLM should be called exactly once after /foo passthrough, calls=%d", provider.calls)
+	}
+
+	newResp := helper.executeAndGetResponse(t, context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  baseMsg.Channel,
+		SenderID: baseMsg.SenderID,
+		ChatID:   baseMsg.ChatID,
+		Content:  "/new",
+		Peer:     baseMsg.Peer,
+	})
+	if newResp != "LLM reply" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected /new reply: %q", newResp)
+	}
+	if provider.calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("LLM should be called for passthrough /new command, calls=%d", provider.calls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessMessage_SwitchModelShowModelConsistency(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				Provider:          "openai",
+				Model:             "before-switch",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &countingMockProvider{response: "LLM reply"}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+	helper := testHelper{al: al}
+
+	switchResp := helper.executeAndGetResponse(t, context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		Content:  "/switch model to after-switch",
+		Peer: bus.Peer{
+			Kind: "direct",
+			ID:   "user1",
+		},
+	})
+	if !strings.Contains(switchResp, "Switched model from before-switch to after-switch") {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected /switch reply: %q", switchResp)
+	}
+
+	showResp := helper.executeAndGetResponse(t, context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		Content:  "/show model",
+		Peer: bus.Peer{
+			Kind: "direct",
+			ID:   "user1",
+		},
+	})
+	if !strings.Contains(showResp, "Current Model: after-switch (Provider: openai)") {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected /show model reply after switch: %q", showResp)
+	}
+
+	if provider.calls != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("LLM should not be called for /switch and /show, calls=%d", provider.calls)
+	}
+}
+
 // TestToolResult_SilentToolDoesNotSendUserMessage verifies silent tools don't trigger outbound
 func TestToolResult_SilentToolDoesNotSendUserMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")

pkg/auth/oauth.go

@@ -212,7 +212,10 @@ func RequestDeviceCode(cfg OAuthProviderConfig) (*DeviceCodeInfo, error) {
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
-	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading device code response: %w", err)
+	}
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("device code request failed: %s", string(body))
 	}
@@ -300,7 +303,10 @@ func LoginDeviceCode(cfg OAuthProviderConfig) (*AuthCredential, error) {
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
-	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading device code response: %w", err)
+	}
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("device code request failed: %s", string(body))
 	}
@@ -360,7 +366,10 @@ func pollDeviceCode(cfg OAuthProviderConfig, deviceAuthID, userCode string) (*Au
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pending")
 	}
 
-	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading device token response: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	var tokenResp struct {
 		AuthorizationCode string `json:"authorization_code"`
@@ -401,7 +410,10 @@ func RefreshAccessToken(cred *AuthCredential, cfg OAuthProviderConfig) (*AuthCre
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
-	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading token refresh response: %w", err)
+	}
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token refresh failed: %s", string(body))
 	}
@@ -494,7 +506,10 @@ func ExchangeCodeForTokens(cfg OAuthProviderConfig, code, codeVerifier, redirect
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
-	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading token exchange response: %w", err)
+	}
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token exchange failed: %s", string(body))
 	}

pkg/auth/store.go

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ func (c *AuthCredential) NeedsRefresh() bool {
 }
 
 func authFilePath() string {
+	if home := os.Getenv("PICOCLAW_HOME"); home != "" {
+		return filepath.Join(home, "auth.json")
+	}
 	home, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
 	return filepath.Join(home, ".picoclaw", "auth.json")
 }

pkg/channels/discord/discord.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -26,6 +27,12 @@ const (
 	sendTimeout = 10 * time.Second
 )
 
+var (
+	// Pre-compiled regexes for resolveDiscordRefs (avoid re-compiling per call)
+	channelRefRe = regexp.MustCompile(`<#(\d+)>`)
+	msgLinkRe    = regexp.MustCompile(`https://(?:discord\.com|discordapp\.com)/channels/(\d+)/(\d+)/(\d+)`)
+)
+
 type DiscordChannel struct {
 	*channels.BaseChannel
 	session    *discordgo.Session
@@ -338,6 +345,24 @@ func (c *DiscordChannel) handleMessage(s *discordgo.Session, m *discordgo.Messag
 		content = c.stripBotMention(content)
 	}
 
+	// Resolve Discord refs in main content before concatenation to avoid
+	// double-expanding links that appear in the referenced message.
+	content = c.resolveDiscordRefs(s, content, m.GuildID)
+
+	// Prepend referenced (quoted) message content if this is a reply
+	if m.MessageReference != nil && m.ReferencedMessage != nil {
+		refContent := m.ReferencedMessage.Content
+		if refContent != "" {
+			refAuthor := "unknown"
+			if m.ReferencedMessage.Author != nil {
+				refAuthor = m.ReferencedMessage.Author.Username
+			}
+			refContent = c.resolveDiscordRefs(s, refContent, m.GuildID)
+			content = fmt.Sprintf("[quoted message from %s]: %s\n\n%s",
+				refAuthor, refContent, content)
+		}
+	}
+
 	senderID := m.Author.ID
 
 	mediaPaths := make([]string, 0, len(m.Attachments))
@@ -508,6 +533,51 @@ func applyDiscordProxy(session *discordgo.Session, proxyAddr string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// resolveDiscordRefs resolves channel references (<#id> → #channel-name) and
+// expands Discord message links to show the linked message content.
+// Only links pointing to the same guild are expanded to prevent cross-guild leakage.
+func (c *DiscordChannel) resolveDiscordRefs(s *discordgo.Session, text string, guildID string) string {
+	// 1. Resolve channel references: <#id> → #channel-name
+	text = channelRefRe.ReplaceAllStringFunc(text, func(match string) string {
+		parts := channelRefRe.FindStringSubmatch(match)
+		if len(parts) < 2 {
+			return match
+		}
+		// Prefer session state cache to avoid API calls
+		if ch, err := s.State.Channel(parts[1]); err == nil {
+			return "#" + ch.Name
+		}
+		if ch, err := s.Channel(parts[1]); err == nil {
+			return "#" + ch.Name
+		}
+		return match
+	})
+
+	// 2. Expand Discord message links (max 3, same guild only)
+	matches := msgLinkRe.FindAllStringSubmatch(text, 3)
+	for _, m := range matches {
+		if len(m) < 4 {
+			continue
+		}
+		linkGuildID, channelID, messageID := m[1], m[2], m[3]
+		// Security: only expand links from the same guild
+		if linkGuildID != guildID {
+			continue
+		}
+		msg, err := s.ChannelMessage(channelID, messageID)
+		if err != nil || msg == nil || msg.Content == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		author := "unknown"
+		if msg.Author != nil {
+			author = msg.Author.Username
+		}
+		text += fmt.Sprintf("\n[linked message from %s]: %s", author, msg.Content)
+	}
+
+	return text
+}
+
 // stripBotMention removes the bot mention from the message content.
 // Discord mentions have the format <@USER_ID> or <@!USER_ID> (with nickname).
 func (c *DiscordChannel) stripBotMention(text string) string {

pkg/channels/discord/discord_resolve_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package discord
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestChannelRefRegex(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		input  string
+		wantID string
+		wantOK bool
+	}{
+		{"basic channel ref", "<#123456789>", "123456789", true},
+		{"long id", "<#9876543210123456>", "9876543210123456", true},
+		{"no match plain text", "hello world", "", false},
+		{"no match partial", "<#>", "", false},
+		{"no match letters", "<#abc>", "", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			matches := channelRefRe.FindStringSubmatch(tt.input)
+			if tt.wantOK {
+				if len(matches) < 2 || matches[1] != tt.wantID {
+					t.Errorf("channelRefRe(%q) = %v, want ID %q", tt.input, matches, tt.wantID)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if len(matches) >= 2 {
+					t.Errorf("channelRefRe(%q) should not match, got %v", tt.input, matches)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMsgLinkRegex(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		input     string
+		wantGuild string
+		wantChan  string
+		wantMsg   string
+		wantOK    bool
+	}{
+		{
+			"discord.com link",
+			"https://discord.com/channels/111/222/333",
+			"111", "222", "333", true,
+		},
+		{
+			"discordapp.com link",
+			"https://discordapp.com/channels/111/222/333",
+			"111", "222", "333", true,
+		},
+		{
+			"real world ids",
+			"check this https://discord.com/channels/9000000000000001/9000000000000002/9000000000000003 please",
+			"9000000000000001", "9000000000000002", "9000000000000003", true,
+		},
+		{"no match http", "http://discord.com/channels/1/2/3", "", "", "", false},
+		{"no match missing segment", "https://discord.com/channels/1/2", "", "", "", false},
+		{"no match plain text", "hello world", "", "", "", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			matches := msgLinkRe.FindStringSubmatch(tt.input)
+			if tt.wantOK {
+				if len(matches) < 4 {
+					t.Fatalf("msgLinkRe(%q) didn't match, want guild=%s chan=%s msg=%s",
+						tt.input, tt.wantGuild, tt.wantChan, tt.wantMsg)
+				}
+				if matches[1] != tt.wantGuild || matches[2] != tt.wantChan || matches[3] != tt.wantMsg {
+					t.Errorf("msgLinkRe(%q) = guild=%s chan=%s msg=%s, want %s/%s/%s",
+						tt.input, matches[1], matches[2], matches[3],
+						tt.wantGuild, tt.wantChan, tt.wantMsg)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if len(matches) >= 4 {
+					t.Errorf("msgLinkRe(%q) should not match, got %v", tt.input, matches)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMsgLinkRegex_MultipleMatches(t *testing.T) {
+	input := "see https://discord.com/channels/1/2/3 and https://discord.com/channels/4/5/6 and https://discord.com/channels/7/8/9 and https://discord.com/channels/10/11/12"
+	matches := msgLinkRe.FindAllStringSubmatch(input, 3)
+	if len(matches) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 matches (capped), got %d", len(matches))
+	}
+	// Verify the 3rd match is 7/8/9 (not 10/11/12)
+	if matches[2][1] != "7" || matches[2][2] != "8" || matches[2][3] != "9" {
+		t.Errorf("3rd match = %v, want guild=7 chan=8 msg=9", matches[2])
+	}
+}

pkg/channels/interfaces.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package channels
 
-import "context"
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/commands"
+)
 
 // TypingCapable — channels that can show a typing/thinking indicator.
 // StartTyping begins the indicator and returns a stop function.
@@ -39,3 +43,10 @@ type PlaceholderRecorder interface {
 	RecordTypingStop(channel, chatID string, stop func())
 	RecordReactionUndo(channel, chatID string, undo func())
 }
+
+// CommandRegistrarCapable is implemented by channels that can register
+// command menus with their upstream platform (e.g. Telegram BotCommand).
+// Channels that do not support platform-level command menus can ignore it.
+type CommandRegistrarCapable interface {
+	RegisterCommands(ctx context.Context, defs []commands.Definition) error
+}

pkg/channels/interfaces_command_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package channels
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/commands"
+)
+
+type mockRegistrar struct{}
+
+func (mockRegistrar) RegisterCommands(context.Context, []commands.Definition) error { return nil }
+
+func TestCommandRegistrarCapable_Compiles(t *testing.T) {
+	var _ CommandRegistrarCapable = mockRegistrar{}
+}

pkg/channels/line/line.go

@@ -654,7 +654,10 @@ func (c *LINEChannel) callAPI(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, payload any)
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		respBody, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			return channels.ClassifySendError(resp.StatusCode, fmt.Errorf("reading LINE API error response: %w", err))
+		}
 		return channels.ClassifySendError(resp.StatusCode, fmt.Errorf("LINE API error: %s", string(respBody)))
 	}
 

pkg/channels/telegram/command_registration.go

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package telegram
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"math/rand"
+	"slices"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/mymmrac/telego"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/commands"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+var commandRegistrationBackoff = []time.Duration{
+	5 * time.Second,
+	15 * time.Second,
+	60 * time.Second,
+	5 * time.Minute,
+	10 * time.Minute,
+}
+
+func commandRegistrationDelay(attempt int) time.Duration {
+	if len(commandRegistrationBackoff) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	base := commandRegistrationBackoff[min(attempt, len(commandRegistrationBackoff)-1)]
+	// Full jitter in [0.5, 1.0) to avoid synchronized retries across instances.
+	return time.Duration(float64(base) * (0.5 + rand.Float64()*0.5))
+}
+
+// RegisterCommands registers bot commands on Telegram platform.
+func (c *TelegramChannel) RegisterCommands(ctx context.Context, defs []commands.Definition) error {
+	botCommands := make([]telego.BotCommand, 0, len(defs))
+	for _, def := range defs {
+		if def.Name == "" || def.Description == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		botCommands = append(botCommands, telego.BotCommand{
+			Command:     def.Name,
+			Description: def.Description,
+		})
+	}
+
+	current, err := c.bot.GetMyCommands(ctx, &telego.GetMyCommandsParams{})
+	if err != nil {
+		// If we can't read current commands, fall through to set them.
+		logger.WarnCF("telegram", "Failed to get current commands, will set unconditionally",
+			map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
+	} else if slices.Equal(current, botCommands) {
+		logger.DebugCF("telegram", "Bot commands are up to date", nil)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return c.bot.SetMyCommands(ctx, &telego.SetMyCommandsParams{
+		Commands: botCommands,
+	})
+}
+
+func (c *TelegramChannel) startCommandRegistration(ctx context.Context, defs []commands.Definition) {
+	if len(defs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	register := c.registerFunc
+	if register == nil {
+		register = c.RegisterCommands
+	}
+
+	regCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	c.commandRegCancel = cancel
+
+	// Registration runs asynchronously so Telegram message intake is never blocked
+	// by temporary upstream API failures. Retry stops on success or channel shutdown.
+	go func() {
+		attempt := 0
+		timer := time.NewTimer(0)
+		if !timer.Stop() {
+			select {
+			case <-timer.C:
+			default:
+			}
+		}
+		defer timer.Stop()
+		for {
+			err := register(regCtx, defs)
+			if err == nil {
+				logger.InfoCF("telegram", "Telegram commands registered", map[string]any{
+					"count": len(defs),
+				})
+				return
+			}
+
+			delay := commandRegistrationDelay(attempt)
+			logger.WarnCF("telegram", "Telegram command registration failed; will retry", map[string]any{
+				"error":       err.Error(),
+				"retry_after": delay.String(),
+			})
+			attempt++
+
+			if !timer.Stop() {
+				select {
+				case <-timer.C:
+				default:
+				}
+			}
+			timer.Reset(delay)
+
+			select {
+			case <-regCtx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-timer.C:
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}

pkg/channels/telegram/command_registration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package telegram
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/commands"
+)
+
+func TestStartCommandRegistration_DoesNotBlock(t *testing.T) {
+	ch := &TelegramChannel{}
+	started := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	ch.registerFunc = func(context.Context, []commands.Definition) error {
+		started <- struct{}{}
+		return errors.New("temporary failure")
+	}
+
+	ch.startCommandRegistration(ctx, []commands.Definition{{Name: "help"}})
+
+	select {
+	case <-started:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("registration did not start asynchronously")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStartCommandRegistration_RetriesUntilSuccessThenStops(t *testing.T) {
+	ch := &TelegramChannel{}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	origBackoff := commandRegistrationBackoff
+	commandRegistrationBackoff = []time.Duration{5 * time.Millisecond}
+	defer func() { commandRegistrationBackoff = origBackoff }()
+
+	var attempts atomic.Int32
+	ch.registerFunc = func(context.Context, []commands.Definition) error {
+		n := attempts.Add(1)
+		if n < 3 {
+			return errors.New("temporary failure")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ch.startCommandRegistration(ctx, []commands.Definition{{Name: "help", Description: "Help"}})
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(250 * time.Millisecond)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if attempts.Load() >= 3 {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	if attempts.Load() < 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected at least 3 attempts, got %d", attempts.Load())
+	}
+
+	stable := attempts.Load()
+	time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond)
+	if attempts.Load() != stable {
+		t.Fatalf("expected retries to stop after success, got %d -> %d", stable, attempts.Load())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStartCommandRegistration_StopsAfterCancel(t *testing.T) {
+	ch := &TelegramChannel{}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	origBackoff := commandRegistrationBackoff
+	commandRegistrationBackoff = []time.Duration{5 * time.Millisecond}
+	defer func() { commandRegistrationBackoff = origBackoff }()
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var attempts atomic.Int32
+	ch.registerFunc = func(context.Context, []commands.Definition) error {
+		attempts.Add(1)
+		return errors.New("always fail")
+	}
+
+	ch.startCommandRegistration(ctx, []commands.Definition{{Name: "help", Description: "Help"}})
+
+	time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	cancel()
+	time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond) // allow in-flight attempt to settle
+	stable := attempts.Load()
+	time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond)
+	if attempts.Load() != stable {
+		t.Fatalf("expected retries to quiesce after cancel, got %d -> %d", stable, attempts.Load())
+	}
+}

pkg/channels/telegram/telegram.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"regexp"
-	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/commands"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/identity"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
@@ -40,13 +40,15 @@ var (
 
 type TelegramChannel struct {
 	*channels.BaseChannel
-	bot      *telego.Bot
-	bh       *th.BotHandler
-	commands TelegramCommander
-	config   *config.Config
-	chatIDs  map[string]int64
-	ctx      context.Context
-	cancel   context.CancelFunc
+	bot     *telego.Bot
+	bh      *th.BotHandler
+	config  *config.Config
+	chatIDs map[string]int64
+	ctx     context.Context
+	cancel  context.CancelFunc
+
+	registerFunc     func(context.Context, []commands.Definition) error
+	commandRegCancel context.CancelFunc
 }
 
 func NewTelegramChannel(cfg *config.Config, bus *bus.MessageBus) (*TelegramChannel, error) {
@@ -93,7 +95,6 @@ func NewTelegramChannel(cfg *config.Config, bus *bus.MessageBus) (*TelegramChann
 
 	return &TelegramChannel{
 		BaseChannel: base,
-		commands:    NewTelegramCommands(bot, cfg),
 		bot:         bot,
 		config:      cfg,
 		chatIDs:     make(map[string]int64),
@@ -105,12 +106,6 @@ func (c *TelegramChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 	c.ctx, c.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
 
-	if err := c.initBotCommands(c.ctx); err != nil {
-		logger.WarnCF("telegram", "Failed to initialize bot commands", map[string]any{
-			"error": err.Error(),
-		})
-	}
-
 	updates, err := c.bot.UpdatesViaLongPolling(c.ctx, &telego.GetUpdatesParams{
 		Timeout: 30,
 	})
@@ -126,21 +121,6 @@ func (c *TelegramChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	c.bh = bh
 
-	bh.HandleMessage(func(ctx *th.Context, message telego.Message) error {
-		return c.commands.Start(ctx, message)
-	}, th.CommandEqual("start"))
-	bh.HandleMessage(func(ctx *th.Context, message telego.Message) error {
-		return c.commands.Help(ctx, message)
-	}, th.CommandEqual("help"))
-
-	bh.HandleMessage(func(ctx *th.Context, message telego.Message) error {
-		return c.commands.Show(ctx, message)
-	}, th.CommandEqual("show"))
-
-	bh.HandleMessage(func(ctx *th.Context, message telego.Message) error {
-		return c.commands.List(ctx, message)
-	}, th.CommandEqual("list"))
-
 	bh.HandleMessage(func(ctx *th.Context, message telego.Message) error {
 		return c.handleMessage(ctx, &message)
 	}, th.AnyMessage())
@@ -150,6 +130,8 @@ func (c *TelegramChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 		"username": c.bot.Username(),
 	})
 
+	c.startCommandRegistration(c.ctx, commands.BuiltinDefinitions())
+
 	go func() {
 		if err = bh.Start(); err != nil {
 			logger.ErrorCF("telegram", "Bot handler failed", map[string]any{
@@ -174,50 +156,8 @@ func (c *TelegramChannel) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if c.cancel != nil {
 		c.cancel()
 	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *TelegramChannel) initBotCommands(ctx context.Context) error {
-	currentCommands, err := c.bot.GetMyCommands(ctx, &telego.GetMyCommandsParams{
-		Scope: tu.ScopeDefault(),
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get commands: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	commands := []telego.BotCommand{
-		{
-			Command:     "start",
-			Description: "Start the bot",
-		},
-		{
-			Command:     "help",
-			Description: "Show a help message",
-		},
-		{
-			Command:     "show",
-			Description: "Show current configuration",
-		},
-		{
-			Command:     "list",
-			Description: "List available options",
-		},
-	}
-
-	// Setting commands on each start will hit the rate limit very quickly, that's why we check if an update is needed
-	if !slices.Equal(currentCommands, commands) {
-		logger.InfoC("telegram", "Updating bot commands")
-
-		err = c.bot.SetMyCommands(ctx, &telego.SetMyCommandsParams{
-			Commands: commands,
-			Scope:    tu.ScopeDefault(),
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("set commands: %w", err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		logger.DebugC("telegram", "Bot commands are up to date")
+	if c.commandRegCancel != nil {
+		c.commandRegCancel()
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -721,34 +661,34 @@ func escapeHTML(text string) string {
 
 // isBotMentioned checks if the bot is mentioned in the message via entities.
 func (c *TelegramChannel) isBotMentioned(message *telego.Message) bool {
-	botUsername := c.bot.Username()
-	if botUsername == "" {
+	text, entities := telegramEntityTextAndList(message)
+	if text == "" || len(entities) == 0 {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	entities := message.Entities
-	if entities == nil {
-		entities = message.CaptionEntities
+	botUsername := ""
+	if c.bot != nil {
+		botUsername = c.bot.Username()
 	}
+	runes := []rune(text)
 
 	for _, entity := range entities {
-		if entity.Type == "mention" {
-			// Extract the mention text from the message
-			text := message.Text
-			if text == "" {
-				text = message.Caption
-			}
-			runes := []rune(text)
-			end := entity.Offset + entity.Length
-			if end <= len(runes) {
-				mention := string(runes[entity.Offset:end])
-				if strings.EqualFold(mention, "@"+botUsername) {
-					return true
-				}
-			}
+		entityText, ok := telegramEntityText(runes, entity)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
 		}
-		if entity.Type == "text_mention" && entity.User != nil {
-			if entity.User.Username == botUsername {
+
+		switch entity.Type {
+		case telego.EntityTypeMention:
+			if botUsername != "" && strings.EqualFold(entityText, "@"+botUsername) {
+				return true
+			}
+		case telego.EntityTypeTextMention:
+			if botUsername != "" && entity.User != nil && strings.EqualFold(entity.User.Username, botUsername) {
+				return true
+			}
+		case telego.EntityTypeBotCommand:
+			if isBotCommandEntityForThisBot(entityText, botUsername) {
 				return true
 			}
 		}
@@ -756,6 +696,46 @@ func (c *TelegramChannel) isBotMentioned(message *telego.Message) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func telegramEntityTextAndList(message *telego.Message) (string, []telego.MessageEntity) {
+	if message.Text != "" {
+		return message.Text, message.Entities
+	}
+	return message.Caption, message.CaptionEntities
+}
+
+func telegramEntityText(runes []rune, entity telego.MessageEntity) (string, bool) {
+	if entity.Offset < 0 || entity.Length <= 0 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	end := entity.Offset + entity.Length
+	if entity.Offset >= len(runes) || end > len(runes) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return string(runes[entity.Offset:end]), true
+}
+
+func isBotCommandEntityForThisBot(entityText, botUsername string) bool {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(entityText, "/") {
+		return false
+	}
+	command := strings.TrimPrefix(entityText, "/")
+	if command == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	at := strings.IndexRune(command, '@')
+	if at == -1 {
+		// A bare /command delivered to this bot is intended for this bot.
+		return true
+	}
+
+	mentionUsername := command[at+1:]
+	if mentionUsername == "" || botUsername == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.EqualFold(mentionUsername, botUsername)
+}
+
 // stripBotMention removes the @bot mention from the content.
 func (c *TelegramChannel) stripBotMention(content string) string {
 	botUsername := c.bot.Username()

pkg/channels/telegram/telegram_commands.go

@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-package telegram
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/mymmrac/telego"
-
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
-)
-
-type TelegramCommander interface {
-	Help(ctx context.Context, message telego.Message) error
-	Start(ctx context.Context, message telego.Message) error
-	Show(ctx context.Context, message telego.Message) error
-	List(ctx context.Context, message telego.Message) error
-}
-
-type cmd struct {
-	bot    *telego.Bot
-	config *config.Config
-}
-
-func NewTelegramCommands(bot *telego.Bot, cfg *config.Config) TelegramCommander {
-	return &cmd{
-		bot:    bot,
-		config: cfg,
-	}
-}
-
-func commandArgs(text string) string {
-	parts := strings.SplitN(text, " ", 2)
-	if len(parts) < 2 {
-		return ""
-	}
-	return strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
-}
-
-func (c *cmd) Help(ctx context.Context, message telego.Message) error {
-	msg := `/start - Start the bot
-/help - Show this help message
-/show [model|channel] - Show current configuration
-/list [models|channels] - List available options
-	`
-	_, err := c.bot.SendMessage(ctx, &telego.SendMessageParams{
-		ChatID: telego.ChatID{ID: message.Chat.ID},
-		Text:   msg,
-		ReplyParameters: &telego.ReplyParameters{
-			MessageID: message.MessageID,
-		},
-	})
-	return err
-}
-
-func (c *cmd) Start(ctx context.Context, message telego.Message) error {
-	_, err := c.bot.SendMessage(ctx, &telego.SendMessageParams{
-		ChatID: telego.ChatID{ID: message.Chat.ID},
-		Text:   "Hello! I am PicoClaw 🦞",
-		ReplyParameters: &telego.ReplyParameters{
-			MessageID: message.MessageID,
-		},
-	})
-	return err
-}
-
-func (c *cmd) Show(ctx context.Context, message telego.Message) error {
-	args := commandArgs(message.Text)
-	if args == "" {
-		_, err := c.bot.SendMessage(ctx, &telego.SendMessageParams{
-			ChatID: telego.ChatID{ID: message.Chat.ID},
-			Text:   "Usage: /show [model|channel]",
-			ReplyParameters: &telego.ReplyParameters{
-				MessageID: message.MessageID,
-			},
-		})
-		return err
-	}
-
-	var response string
-	switch args {
-	case "model":
-		response = fmt.Sprintf("Current Model: %s (Provider: %s)",
-			c.config.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName(),
-			c.config.Agents.Defaults.Provider)
-	case "channel":
-		response = "Current Channel: telegram"
-	default:
-		response = fmt.Sprintf("Unknown parameter: %s. Try 'model' or 'channel'.", args)
-	}
-
-	_, err := c.bot.SendMessage(ctx, &telego.SendMessageParams{
-		ChatID: telego.ChatID{ID: message.Chat.ID},
-		Text:   response,
-		ReplyParameters: &telego.ReplyParameters{
-			MessageID: message.MessageID,
-		},
-	})
-	return err
-}
-
-func (c *cmd) List(ctx context.Context, message telego.Message) error {
-	args := commandArgs(message.Text)
-	if args == "" {
-		_, err := c.bot.SendMessage(ctx, &telego.SendMessageParams{
-			ChatID: telego.ChatID{ID: message.Chat.ID},
-			Text:   "Usage: /list [models|channels]",
-			ReplyParameters: &telego.ReplyParameters{
-				MessageID: message.MessageID,
-			},
-		})
-		return err
-	}
-
-	var response string
-	switch args {
-	case "models":
-		provider := c.config.Agents.Defaults.Provider
-		if provider == "" {
-			provider = "configured default"
-		}
-		response = fmt.Sprintf("Configured Model: %s\nProvider: %s\n\nTo change models, update config.json",
-			c.config.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName(), provider)
-
-	case "channels":
-		var enabled []string
-		if c.config.Channels.Telegram.Enabled {
-			enabled = append(enabled, "telegram")
-		}
-		if c.config.Channels.WhatsApp.Enabled {
-			enabled = append(enabled, "whatsapp")
-		}
-		if c.config.Channels.Feishu.Enabled {
-			enabled = append(enabled, "feishu")
-		}
-		if c.config.Channels.Discord.Enabled {
-			enabled = append(enabled, "discord")
-		}
-		if c.config.Channels.Slack.Enabled {
-			enabled = append(enabled, "slack")
-		}
-		response = fmt.Sprintf("Enabled Channels:\n- %s", strings.Join(enabled, "\n- "))
-
-	default:
-		response = fmt.Sprintf("Unknown parameter: %s. Try 'models' or 'channels'.", args)
-	}
-
-	_, err := c.bot.SendMessage(ctx, &telego.SendMessageParams{
-		ChatID: telego.ChatID{ID: message.Chat.ID},
-		Text:   response,
-		ReplyParameters: &telego.ReplyParameters{
-			MessageID: message.MessageID,
-		},
-	})
-	return err
-}

pkg/channels/telegram/telegram_dispatch_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package telegram
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/mymmrac/telego"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+)
+
+func TestHandleMessage_DoesNotConsumeGenericCommandsLocally(t *testing.T) {
+	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	ch := &TelegramChannel{
+		BaseChannel: channels.NewBaseChannel("telegram", nil, messageBus, nil),
+		chatIDs:     make(map[string]int64),
+		ctx:         context.Background(),
+	}
+
+	msg := &telego.Message{
+		Text:      "/new",
+		MessageID: 9,
+		Chat: telego.Chat{
+			ID:   123,
+			Type: "private",
+		},
+		From: &telego.User{
+			ID:        42,
+			FirstName: "Alice",
+		},
+	}
+
+	if err := ch.handleMessage(context.Background(), msg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("handleMessage error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	inbound, ok := messageBus.ConsumeInbound(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected inbound message to be forwarded")
+	}
+	if inbound.Channel != "telegram" {
+		t.Fatalf("channel=%q", inbound.Channel)
+	}
+	if inbound.Content != "/new" {
+		t.Fatalf("content=%q", inbound.Content)
+	}
+}

pkg/channels/telegram/telegram_group_command_filter_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+package telegram
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/mymmrac/telego"
+	ta "github.com/mymmrac/telego/telegoapi"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+type getMeCaller struct {
+	username string
+}
+
+func (c getMeCaller) Call(_ context.Context, url string, _ *ta.RequestData) (*ta.Response, error) {
+	if strings.HasSuffix(url, "/getMe") {
+		result := fmt.Sprintf(`{"id":1,"is_bot":true,"first_name":"bot","username":%q}`, c.username)
+		return &ta.Response{Ok: true, Result: []byte(result)}, nil
+	}
+	return &ta.Response{Ok: true, Result: []byte("true")}, nil
+}
+
+func newTestTelegramBot(t *testing.T, username string) *telego.Bot {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	token := "123456:" + strings.Repeat("a", 35)
+	bot, err := telego.NewBot(token,
+		telego.WithAPICaller(getMeCaller{username: username}),
+		telego.WithDiscardLogger(),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewBot error: %v", err)
+	}
+	return bot
+}
+
+func newGroupMentionOnlyChannel(t *testing.T, botUsername string) (*TelegramChannel, *bus.MessageBus) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	ch := &TelegramChannel{
+		BaseChannel: channels.NewBaseChannel("telegram", nil, messageBus, nil,
+			channels.WithGroupTrigger(config.GroupTriggerConfig{MentionOnly: true}),
+		),
+		bot:     newTestTelegramBot(t, botUsername),
+		chatIDs: make(map[string]int64),
+		ctx:     context.Background(),
+	}
+	return ch, messageBus
+}
+
+func TestHandleMessage_GroupMentionOnly_BotCommandEntity(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		text          string
+		wantForwarded bool
+		wantContent   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "command with bot username",
+			text:          "/new@testbot",
+			wantForwarded: true,
+			wantContent:   "/new",
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "bare command",
+			text:          "/new",
+			wantForwarded: true,
+			wantContent:   "/new",
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "command for another bot",
+			text:          "/new@otherbot",
+			wantForwarded: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ch, messageBus := newGroupMentionOnlyChannel(t, "testbot")
+
+			msg := &telego.Message{
+				Text: tc.text,
+				Entities: []telego.MessageEntity{{
+					Type:   telego.EntityTypeBotCommand,
+					Offset: 0,
+					Length: len([]rune(tc.text)),
+				}},
+				MessageID: 42,
+				Chat: telego.Chat{
+					ID:   123,
+					Type: "group",
+				},
+				From: &telego.User{
+					ID:        7,
+					FirstName: "Alice",
+				},
+			}
+
+			if err := ch.handleMessage(context.Background(), msg); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("handleMessage error: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 150*time.Millisecond)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			inbound, ok := messageBus.ConsumeInbound(ctx)
+			if tc.wantForwarded {
+				if !ok {
+					t.Fatal("expected inbound message to be forwarded")
+				}
+				if inbound.Content != tc.wantContent {
+					t.Fatalf("content=%q want=%q", inbound.Content, tc.wantContent)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+
+			if ok {
+				t.Fatalf("expected message to be filtered, got content=%q", inbound.Content)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsBotMentioned_MentionEntityUnaffected(t *testing.T) {
+	ch, _ := newGroupMentionOnlyChannel(t, "testbot")
+
+	msg := &telego.Message{
+		Text: "@testbot hello",
+		Entities: []telego.MessageEntity{{
+			Type:   telego.EntityTypeMention,
+			Offset: 0,
+			Length: len("@testbot"),
+		}},
+	}
+
+	if !ch.isBotMentioned(msg) {
+		t.Fatal("expected mention entity to be treated as bot mention")
+	}
+}

pkg/channels/wecom/aibot.go

@@ -793,7 +793,10 @@ func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) sendViaResponseURL(responseURL, content string) erro
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	respBody, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reading response_url body: %w: %w", channels.ErrTemporary, err)
+	}
 	switch {
 	case resp.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests:
 		return fmt.Errorf("response_url rate limited (%d): %s: %w",

pkg/channels/wecom/app.go

@@ -321,8 +321,17 @@ func (c *WeComAppChannel) uploadMedia(ctx context.Context, accessToken, mediaTyp
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		respBody, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		return "", channels.ClassifySendError(resp.StatusCode, fmt.Errorf("wecom upload error: %s", string(respBody)))
+		respBody, readErr := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		if readErr != nil {
+			return "", channels.ClassifySendError(
+				resp.StatusCode,
+				fmt.Errorf("reading wecom upload error response: %w", readErr),
+			)
+		}
+		return "", channels.ClassifySendError(
+			resp.StatusCode,
+			fmt.Errorf("wecom upload error: %s", string(respBody)),
+		)
 	}
 
 	var result struct {
@@ -371,8 +380,17 @@ func (c *WeComAppChannel) sendWeComMessage(ctx context.Context, accessToken stri
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		respBody, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		return channels.ClassifySendError(resp.StatusCode, fmt.Errorf("wecom_app API error: %s", string(respBody)))
+		respBody, readErr := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		if readErr != nil {
+			return channels.ClassifySendError(
+				resp.StatusCode,
+				fmt.Errorf("reading wecom_app error response: %w", readErr),
+			)
+		}
+		return channels.ClassifySendError(
+			resp.StatusCode,
+			fmt.Errorf("wecom_app API error: %s", string(respBody)),
+		)
 	}
 
 	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)

pkg/channels/wecom/bot.go

@@ -453,8 +453,17 @@ func (c *WeComBotChannel) sendWebhookReply(ctx context.Context, userID, content
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		return channels.ClassifySendError(resp.StatusCode, fmt.Errorf("webhook API error: %s", string(body)))
+		body, readErr := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		if readErr != nil {
+			return channels.ClassifySendError(
+				resp.StatusCode,
+				fmt.Errorf("reading webhook error response: %w", readErr),
+			)
+		}
+		return channels.ClassifySendError(
+			resp.StatusCode,
+			fmt.Errorf("webhook API error: %s", string(body)),
+		)
 	}
 
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)

pkg/channels/whatsapp/whatsapp_command_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package whatsapp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+func TestHandleIncomingMessage_DoesNotConsumeGenericCommandsLocally(t *testing.T) {
+	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	ch := &WhatsAppChannel{
+		BaseChannel: channels.NewBaseChannel("whatsapp", config.WhatsAppConfig{}, messageBus, nil),
+		ctx:         context.Background(),
+	}
+
+	ch.handleIncomingMessage(map[string]any{
+		"type":    "message",
+		"id":      "mid1",
+		"from":    "user1",
+		"chat":    "chat1",
+		"content": "/help",
+	})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	inbound, ok := messageBus.ConsumeInbound(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected inbound message to be forwarded")
+	}
+	if inbound.Channel != "whatsapp" {
+		t.Fatalf("channel=%q", inbound.Channel)
+	}
+	if inbound.Content != "/help" {
+		t.Fatalf("content=%q", inbound.Content)
+	}
+}

pkg/channels/whatsapp_native/whatsapp_command_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//go:build whatsapp_native
+
+package whatsapp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.mau.fi/whatsmeow/proto/waE2E"
+	"go.mau.fi/whatsmeow/types"
+	"go.mau.fi/whatsmeow/types/events"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+func TestHandleIncoming_DoesNotConsumeGenericCommandsLocally(t *testing.T) {
+	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	ch := &WhatsAppNativeChannel{
+		BaseChannel: channels.NewBaseChannel("whatsapp_native", config.WhatsAppConfig{}, messageBus, nil),
+		runCtx:      context.Background(),
+	}
+
+	evt := &events.Message{
+		Info: types.MessageInfo{
+			MessageSource: types.MessageSource{
+				Sender: types.NewJID("1001", types.DefaultUserServer),
+				Chat:   types.NewJID("1001", types.DefaultUserServer),
+			},
+			ID:       "mid1",
+			PushName: "Alice",
+		},
+		Message: &waE2E.Message{
+			Conversation: proto.String("/new"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	ch.handleIncoming(evt)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	inbound, ok := messageBus.ConsumeInbound(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected inbound message to be forwarded")
+	}
+	if inbound.Channel != "whatsapp_native" {
+		t.Fatalf("channel=%q", inbound.Channel)
+	}
+	if inbound.Content != "/new" {
+		t.Fatalf("content=%q", inbound.Content)
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/builtin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package commands
+
+// BuiltinDefinitions returns all built-in command definitions.
+// Each command group is defined in its own cmd_*.go file.
+// Definitions are stateless — runtime dependencies are provided
+// via the Runtime parameter passed to handlers at execution time.
+func BuiltinDefinitions() []Definition {
+	return []Definition{
+		startCommand(),
+		helpCommand(),
+		showCommand(),
+		listCommand(),
+		switchCommand(),
+		checkCommand(),
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/builtin_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func findDefinitionByName(t *testing.T, defs []Definition, name string) Definition {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, def := range defs {
+		if def.Name == name {
+			return def
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("missing /%s definition", name)
+	return Definition{}
+}
+
+func TestBuiltinHelpHandler_ReturnsFormattedMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	defs := BuiltinDefinitions()
+	helpDef := findDefinitionByName(t, defs, "help")
+	if helpDef.Handler == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("/help handler should not be nil")
+	}
+
+	var reply string
+	err := helpDef.Handler(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/help",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	}, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("/help handler error: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Now uses auto-generated EffectiveUsage which includes agents
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "/show [model|channel|agents]") {
+		t.Fatalf("/help reply missing /show usage, got %q", reply)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "/list [models|channels|agents]") {
+		t.Fatalf("/help reply missing /list usage, got %q", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuiltinShowChannel_PreservesUserVisibleBehavior(t *testing.T) {
+	defs := BuiltinDefinitions()
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	cases := []string{"telegram", "whatsapp"}
+	for _, channel := range cases {
+		var reply string
+		res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+			Channel: channel,
+			Text:    "/show channel",
+			Reply: func(text string) error {
+				reply = text
+				return nil
+			},
+		})
+		if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+			t.Fatalf("/show channel on %s: outcome=%v, want=%v", channel, res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+		}
+		want := "Current Channel: " + channel
+		if reply != want {
+			t.Fatalf("/show channel reply=%q, want=%q", reply, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuiltinListChannels_UsesGetEnabledChannels(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		GetEnabledChannels: func() []string {
+			return []string{"telegram", "slack"}
+		},
+	}
+	defs := BuiltinDefinitions()
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/list channels",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("/list channels: outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "telegram") || !strings.Contains(reply, "slack") {
+		t.Fatalf("/list channels reply=%q, want telegram and slack", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuiltinShowAgents_RestoresOldBehavior(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		ListAgentIDs: func() []string {
+			return []string{"default", "coder"}
+		},
+	}
+	defs := BuiltinDefinitions()
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/show agents",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("/show agents: outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "default") || !strings.Contains(reply, "coder") {
+		t.Fatalf("/show agents reply=%q, want agent IDs", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuiltinListAgents_RestoresOldBehavior(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		ListAgentIDs: func() []string {
+			return []string{"default", "coder"}
+		},
+	}
+	defs := BuiltinDefinitions()
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/list agents",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("/list agents: outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "default") || !strings.Contains(reply, "coder") {
+		t.Fatalf("/list agents reply=%q, want agent IDs", reply)
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/cmd_check.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+func checkCommand() Definition {
+	return Definition{
+		Name:        "check",
+		Description: "Check channel availability",
+		SubCommands: []SubCommand{
+			{
+				Name:        "channel",
+				Description: "Check if a channel is available",
+				ArgsUsage:   "<name>",
+				Handler: func(_ context.Context, req Request, rt *Runtime) error {
+					if rt == nil || rt.SwitchChannel == nil {
+						return req.Reply(unavailableMsg)
+					}
+					value := nthToken(req.Text, 2)
+					if value == "" {
+						return req.Reply("Usage: /check channel <name>")
+					}
+					if err := rt.SwitchChannel(value); err != nil {
+						return req.Reply(err.Error())
+					}
+					return req.Reply(fmt.Sprintf("Channel '%s' is available and enabled", value))
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/cmd_help.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func helpCommand() Definition {
+	return Definition{
+		Name:        "help",
+		Description: "Show this help message",
+		Usage:       "/help",
+		Handler: func(_ context.Context, req Request, rt *Runtime) error {
+			var defs []Definition
+			if rt != nil && rt.ListDefinitions != nil {
+				defs = rt.ListDefinitions()
+			} else {
+				defs = BuiltinDefinitions()
+			}
+			return req.Reply(formatHelpMessage(defs))
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func formatHelpMessage(defs []Definition) string {
+	if len(defs) == 0 {
+		return "No commands available."
+	}
+
+	lines := make([]string, 0, len(defs))
+	for _, def := range defs {
+		usage := def.EffectiveUsage()
+		if usage == "" {
+			usage = "/" + def.Name
+		}
+		desc := def.Description
+		if desc == "" {
+			desc = "No description"
+		}
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("%s - %s", usage, desc))
+	}
+	return strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+}

pkg/commands/cmd_list.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func listCommand() Definition {
+	return Definition{
+		Name:        "list",
+		Description: "List available options",
+		SubCommands: []SubCommand{
+			{
+				Name:        "models",
+				Description: "Configured models",
+				Handler: func(_ context.Context, req Request, rt *Runtime) error {
+					if rt == nil || rt.GetModelInfo == nil {
+						return req.Reply(unavailableMsg)
+					}
+					name, provider := rt.GetModelInfo()
+					if provider == "" {
+						provider = "configured default"
+					}
+					return req.Reply(fmt.Sprintf(
+						"Configured Model: %s\nProvider: %s\n\nTo change models, update config.json",
+						name, provider,
+					))
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Name:        "channels",
+				Description: "Enabled channels",
+				Handler: func(_ context.Context, req Request, rt *Runtime) error {
+					if rt == nil || rt.GetEnabledChannels == nil {
+						return req.Reply(unavailableMsg)
+					}
+					enabled := rt.GetEnabledChannels()
+					if len(enabled) == 0 {
+						return req.Reply("No channels enabled")
+					}
+					return req.Reply(fmt.Sprintf("Enabled Channels:\n- %s", strings.Join(enabled, "\n- ")))
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Name:        "agents",
+				Description: "Registered agents",
+				Handler:     agentsHandler(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/cmd_show.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+func showCommand() Definition {
+	return Definition{
+		Name:        "show",
+		Description: "Show current configuration",
+		SubCommands: []SubCommand{
+			{
+				Name:        "model",
+				Description: "Current model and provider",
+				Handler: func(_ context.Context, req Request, rt *Runtime) error {
+					if rt == nil || rt.GetModelInfo == nil {
+						return req.Reply(unavailableMsg)
+					}
+					name, provider := rt.GetModelInfo()
+					return req.Reply(fmt.Sprintf("Current Model: %s (Provider: %s)", name, provider))
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Name:        "channel",
+				Description: "Current channel",
+				Handler: func(_ context.Context, req Request, _ *Runtime) error {
+					return req.Reply(fmt.Sprintf("Current Channel: %s", req.Channel))
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Name:        "agents",
+				Description: "Registered agents",
+				Handler:     agentsHandler(),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/cmd_start.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package commands
+
+import "context"
+
+func startCommand() Definition {
+	return Definition{
+		Name:        "start",
+		Description: "Start the bot",
+		Usage:       "/start",
+		Handler: func(_ context.Context, req Request, _ *Runtime) error {
+			return req.Reply("Hello! I am PicoClaw 🦞")
+		},
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/cmd_switch.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+func switchCommand() Definition {
+	return Definition{
+		Name:        "switch",
+		Description: "Switch model",
+		SubCommands: []SubCommand{
+			{
+				Name:        "model",
+				Description: "Switch to a different model",
+				ArgsUsage:   "to <name>",
+				Handler: func(_ context.Context, req Request, rt *Runtime) error {
+					if rt == nil || rt.SwitchModel == nil {
+						return req.Reply(unavailableMsg)
+					}
+					// Parse: /switch model to <value>
+					value := nthToken(req.Text, 3) // tokens: [/switch, model, to, <value>]
+					if nthToken(req.Text, 2) != "to" || value == "" {
+						return req.Reply("Usage: /switch model to <name>")
+					}
+					oldModel, err := rt.SwitchModel(value)
+					if err != nil {
+						return req.Reply(err.Error())
+					}
+					return req.Reply(fmt.Sprintf("Switched model from %s to %s", oldModel, value))
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Name:        "channel",
+				Description: "Moved to /check channel",
+				Handler: func(_ context.Context, req Request, _ *Runtime) error {
+					return req.Reply("This command has moved. Please use: /check channel <name>")
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/cmd_switch_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestSwitchModel_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		SwitchModel: func(value string) (string, error) {
+			return "old-model", nil
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/switch model to gpt-4",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	want := "Switched model from old-model to gpt-4"
+	if reply != want {
+		t.Fatalf("reply=%q, want=%q", reply, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSwitchModel_MissingToKeyword(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		SwitchModel: func(value string) (string, error) {
+			return "old", nil
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/switch model gpt-4",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if reply != "Usage: /switch model to <name>" {
+		t.Fatalf("reply=%q, want usage message", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSwitchModel_MissingValue(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		SwitchModel: func(value string) (string, error) {
+			return "old", nil
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/switch model to",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if reply != "Usage: /switch model to <name>" {
+		t.Fatalf("reply=%q, want usage message", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSwitchModel_Error(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		SwitchModel: func(value string) (string, error) {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("model not found")
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/switch model to bad-model",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if reply != "model not found" {
+		t.Fatalf("reply=%q, want error message", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSwitchModel_NilDep(t *testing.T) {
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), &Runtime{})
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/switch model to gpt-4",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if reply != "Command unavailable in current context." {
+		t.Fatalf("reply=%q, want unavailable message", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSwitchChannel_Redirect(t *testing.T) {
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), &Runtime{})
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/switch channel to telegram",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	want := "This command has moved. Please use: /check channel <name>"
+	if reply != want {
+		t.Fatalf("reply=%q, want=%q", reply, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckChannel_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		SwitchChannel: func(value string) error {
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/check channel telegram",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	want := "Channel 'telegram' is available and enabled"
+	if reply != want {
+		t.Fatalf("reply=%q, want=%q", reply, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckChannel_Error(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		SwitchChannel: func(value string) error {
+			return fmt.Errorf("channel '%s' not found", value)
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/check channel unknown",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if reply != "channel 'unknown' not found" {
+		t.Fatalf("reply=%q, want error message", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckChannel_NilDep(t *testing.T) {
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), &Runtime{})
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/check channel telegram",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if reply != "Command unavailable in current context." {
+		t.Fatalf("reply=%q, want unavailable message", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckChannel_MissingValue(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		SwitchChannel: func(value string) error {
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/check channel",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if reply != "Usage: /check channel <name>" {
+		t.Fatalf("reply=%q, want usage message", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSwitch_BangPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		SwitchModel: func(value string) (string, error) {
+			return "old", nil
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "!switch model to gpt-4",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("! prefix: outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if reply != "Switched model from old to gpt-4" {
+		t.Fatalf("! prefix: reply=%q, want success message", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSwitch_NoSubCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), &Runtime{})
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/switch",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	// Should get usage message from executor's sub-command routing
+	if reply == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected usage reply for bare /switch")
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/definition.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// SubCommand defines a single sub-command within a parent command.
+type SubCommand struct {
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+	ArgsUsage   string // optional, e.g. "<session-id>"
+	Handler     Handler
+}
+
+// Definition is the single-source metadata and behavior contract for a slash command.
+//
+// Design notes (phase 1):
+//   - Every channel reads command shape from this type instead of keeping local copies.
+//   - Visibility is global: all definitions are considered available to all channels.
+//   - Platform menu registration (for example Telegram BotCommand) also derives from this
+//     same definition so UI labels and runtime behavior stay aligned.
+type Definition struct {
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+	Usage       string // for simple commands; ignored when SubCommands is set
+	Aliases     []string
+	SubCommands []SubCommand // optional; when set, Executor routes to sub-command handlers
+	Handler     Handler      // for simple commands without sub-commands
+}
+
+// EffectiveUsage returns the usage string. When SubCommands are present,
+// it is auto-generated from sub-command names so metadata and behavior
+// cannot drift.
+func (d Definition) EffectiveUsage() string {
+	if len(d.SubCommands) == 0 {
+		return d.Usage
+	}
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(d.SubCommands))
+	for _, sc := range d.SubCommands {
+		name := sc.Name
+		if sc.ArgsUsage != "" {
+			name += " " + sc.ArgsUsage
+		}
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("/%s [%s]", d.Name, strings.Join(names, "|"))
+}

pkg/commands/definition_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestDefinition_EffectiveUsage_NoSubCommands(t *testing.T) {
+	d := Definition{Name: "start", Usage: "/start"}
+	if got := d.EffectiveUsage(); got != "/start" {
+		t.Fatalf("EffectiveUsage()=%q, want %q", got, "/start")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefinition_EffectiveUsage_WithSubCommands(t *testing.T) {
+	d := Definition{
+		Name: "show",
+		SubCommands: []SubCommand{
+			{Name: "model"},
+			{Name: "channel"},
+			{Name: "agents"},
+		},
+	}
+	want := "/show [model|channel|agents]"
+	if got := d.EffectiveUsage(); got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("EffectiveUsage()=%q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefinition_EffectiveUsage_WithArgsUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	d := Definition{
+		Name: "session",
+		SubCommands: []SubCommand{
+			{Name: "list"},
+			{Name: "resume", ArgsUsage: "<id>"},
+		},
+	}
+	want := "/session [list|resume <id>]"
+	if got := d.EffectiveUsage(); got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("EffectiveUsage()=%q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/executor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+type Outcome int
+
+const (
+	// OutcomePassthrough means this input should continue through normal agent flow.
+	OutcomePassthrough Outcome = iota
+	// OutcomeHandled means a command handler executed (with or without handler error).
+	OutcomeHandled
+)
+
+type ExecuteResult struct {
+	Outcome Outcome
+	Command string
+	Err     error
+}
+
+type Executor struct {
+	reg *Registry
+	rt  *Runtime
+}
+
+func NewExecutor(reg *Registry, rt *Runtime) *Executor {
+	return &Executor{reg: reg, rt: rt}
+}
+
+// Execute implements a two-state command decision:
+// 1) handled: execute command immediately;
+// 2) passthrough: not a command or intentionally deferred to agent logic.
+func (e *Executor) Execute(ctx context.Context, req Request) ExecuteResult {
+	cmdName, ok := parseCommandName(req.Text)
+	if !ok {
+		return ExecuteResult{Outcome: OutcomePassthrough}
+	}
+
+	if e == nil || e.reg == nil {
+		return ExecuteResult{Outcome: OutcomePassthrough, Command: cmdName}
+	}
+
+	def, found := e.reg.Lookup(cmdName)
+	if !found {
+		return ExecuteResult{Outcome: OutcomePassthrough, Command: cmdName}
+	}
+
+	return e.executeDefinition(ctx, req, def)
+}
+
+func (e *Executor) executeDefinition(ctx context.Context, req Request, def Definition) ExecuteResult {
+	// Ensure Reply is always non-nil so handlers don't need to check.
+	if req.Reply == nil {
+		req.Reply = func(string) error { return nil }
+	}
+
+	// Simple command — no sub-commands
+	if len(def.SubCommands) == 0 {
+		if def.Handler == nil {
+			return ExecuteResult{Outcome: OutcomePassthrough, Command: def.Name}
+		}
+		err := def.Handler(ctx, req, e.rt)
+		return ExecuteResult{Outcome: OutcomeHandled, Command: def.Name, Err: err}
+	}
+
+	// Sub-command routing
+	subName := nthToken(req.Text, 1)
+	if subName == "" {
+		err := req.Reply("Usage: " + def.EffectiveUsage())
+		return ExecuteResult{Outcome: OutcomeHandled, Command: def.Name, Err: err}
+	}
+
+	normalized := normalizeCommandName(subName)
+	for _, sc := range def.SubCommands {
+		if normalizeCommandName(sc.Name) == normalized {
+			if sc.Handler == nil {
+				return ExecuteResult{Outcome: OutcomePassthrough, Command: def.Name}
+			}
+			err := sc.Handler(ctx, req, e.rt)
+			return ExecuteResult{Outcome: OutcomeHandled, Command: def.Name, Err: err}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Unknown sub-command
+	err := req.Reply(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown option: %s. Usage: %s", subName, def.EffectiveUsage()))
+	return ExecuteResult{Outcome: OutcomeHandled, Command: def.Name, Err: err}
+}

pkg/commands/executor_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestExecutor_RegisteredWithoutHandler_ReturnsPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
+	defs := []Definition{{Name: "show"}}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{Channel: "whatsapp", Text: "/show"})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomePassthrough {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomePassthrough)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutor_UnknownSlashCommand_ReturnsPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
+	defs := []Definition{{Name: "show"}}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{Channel: "telegram", Text: "/unknown"})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomePassthrough {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomePassthrough)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutor_SupportedCommandWithHandler_ReturnsHandled(t *testing.T) {
+	called := false
+	defs := []Definition{
+		{
+			Name: "help",
+			Handler: func(context.Context, Request, *Runtime) error {
+				called = true
+				return nil
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{Channel: "telegram", Text: "/help@my_bot"})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if !called {
+		t.Fatalf("expected handler to be called")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutor_AliasWithoutHandler_ReturnsPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
+	defs := []Definition{
+		{
+			Name:    "show",
+			Aliases: []string{"display"},
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{Channel: "whatsapp", Text: "/display"})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomePassthrough {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomePassthrough)
+	}
+	if res.Command != "show" {
+		t.Fatalf("command=%q, want=%q", res.Command, "show")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutor_AliasWithHandler_ReturnsHandled(t *testing.T) {
+	called := false
+	defs := []Definition{
+		{
+			Name:    "clear",
+			Aliases: []string{"reset"},
+			Handler: func(context.Context, Request, *Runtime) error {
+				called = true
+				return nil
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{Channel: "telegram", Text: "/reset"})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if res.Command != "clear" {
+		t.Fatalf("command=%q, want=%q", res.Command, "clear")
+	}
+	if !called {
+		t.Fatalf("expected handler to be called")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutor_SupportedCommandWithNilHandler_ReturnsPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
+	defs := []Definition{
+		{Name: "placeholder"},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{Channel: "telegram", Text: "/placeholder list"})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomePassthrough {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomePassthrough)
+	}
+	if res.Command != "placeholder" {
+		t.Fatalf("command=%q, want=%q", res.Command, "placeholder")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutor_NilHandlerDoesNotMaskLaterHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	// With Lookup-based dispatch, the first registered definition for a name wins.
+	// A definition with nil Handler and no SubCommands returns Passthrough.
+	defs := []Definition{
+		{Name: "placeholder"},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{Channel: "telegram", Text: "/placeholder"})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomePassthrough {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomePassthrough)
+	}
+	if res.Command != "placeholder" {
+		t.Fatalf("command=%q, want=%q", res.Command, "placeholder")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutor_HandlerErrorIsPropagated(t *testing.T) {
+	wantErr := errors.New("handler failed")
+	defs := []Definition{
+		{
+			Name: "help",
+			Handler: func(context.Context, Request, *Runtime) error {
+				return wantErr
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{Channel: "telegram", Text: "/help"})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(res.Err, wantErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("err=%v, want=%v", res.Err, wantErr)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutor_SupportsBangPrefixAndCaseInsensitiveCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	called := false
+	defs := []Definition{
+		{
+			Name: "help",
+			Handler: func(context.Context, Request, *Runtime) error {
+				called = true
+				return nil
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{Channel: "telegram", Text: "!HELP"})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if !called {
+		t.Fatalf("expected handler to be called")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutor_SubCommand_RoutesToCorrectHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	modelCalled := false
+	defs := []Definition{
+		{
+			Name: "show",
+			SubCommands: []SubCommand{
+				{Name: "model", Handler: func(_ context.Context, _ Request, _ *Runtime) error {
+					modelCalled = true
+					return nil
+				}},
+				{Name: "channel"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{Text: "/show model"})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if !modelCalled {
+		t.Fatal("model sub-command handler was not called")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutor_SubCommand_NoArg_RepliesUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	defs := []Definition{
+		{
+			Name: "show",
+			SubCommands: []SubCommand{
+				{Name: "model"},
+				{Name: "channel"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text:  "/show",
+		Reply: func(text string) error { reply = text; return nil },
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if reply != "Usage: /show [model|channel]" {
+		t.Fatalf("reply=%q, want usage message", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutor_SubCommand_UnknownArg_RepliesError(t *testing.T) {
+	defs := []Definition{
+		{
+			Name: "show",
+			SubCommands: []SubCommand{
+				{Name: "model"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text:  "/show foobar",
+		Reply: func(text string) error { reply = text; return nil },
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "foobar") {
+		t.Fatalf("reply=%q, should mention unknown sub-command", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExecutor_SubCommand_NilHandler_ReturnsPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
+	defs := []Definition{
+		{
+			Name: "show",
+			SubCommands: []SubCommand{
+				{Name: "model"}, // nil Handler
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{Text: "/show model"})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomePassthrough {
+		t.Fatalf("outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomePassthrough)
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/handler_agents.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// agentsHandler returns a shared handler for both /show agents and /list agents.
+func agentsHandler() Handler {
+	return func(_ context.Context, req Request, rt *Runtime) error {
+		if rt == nil || rt.ListAgentIDs == nil {
+			return req.Reply(unavailableMsg)
+		}
+		ids := rt.ListAgentIDs()
+		if len(ids) == 0 {
+			return req.Reply("No agents registered")
+		}
+		return req.Reply(fmt.Sprintf("Registered agents: %s", strings.Join(ids, ", ")))
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/registry.go

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package commands
+
+type Registry struct {
+	defs  []Definition
+	index map[string]int
+}
+
+// NewRegistry stores the canonical command set used by both dispatch and
+// optional platform registration adapters.
+func NewRegistry(defs []Definition) *Registry {
+	stored := make([]Definition, len(defs))
+	copy(stored, defs)
+
+	index := make(map[string]int, len(stored)*2)
+	for i, def := range stored {
+		registerCommandName(index, def.Name, i)
+		for _, alias := range def.Aliases {
+			registerCommandName(index, alias, i)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &Registry{defs: stored, index: index}
+}
+
+// Definitions returns all registered command definitions.
+// Command availability is global and no longer channel-scoped.
+func (r *Registry) Definitions() []Definition {
+	out := make([]Definition, len(r.defs))
+	copy(out, r.defs)
+	return out
+}
+
+// Lookup returns a command definition by normalized command name or alias.
+func (r *Registry) Lookup(name string) (Definition, bool) {
+	key := normalizeCommandName(name)
+	if key == "" {
+		return Definition{}, false
+	}
+	idx, ok := r.index[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return Definition{}, false
+	}
+	return r.defs[idx], true
+}
+
+func registerCommandName(index map[string]int, name string, defIndex int) {
+	key := normalizeCommandName(name)
+	if key == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if _, exists := index[key]; exists {
+		return
+	}
+	index[key] = defIndex
+}

pkg/commands/registry_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package commands
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestRegistry_Definitions_ReturnsCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	defs := []Definition{
+		{Name: "help", Description: "Show help"},
+		{Name: "admin", Description: "Admin command"},
+	}
+	r := NewRegistry(defs)
+
+	got := r.Definitions()
+	if len(got) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("definitions len = %d, want 2", len(got))
+	}
+
+	got[0].Name = "mutated"
+	again := r.Definitions()
+	if again[0].Name != "help" {
+		t.Fatalf("registry should not be mutated by caller, got first name %q", again[0].Name)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegistry_Lookup_MatchesByLowercaseNameAndAlias(t *testing.T) {
+	r := NewRegistry([]Definition{
+		{Name: "Help", Aliases: []string{"Assist"}},
+		{Name: "List"},
+	})
+
+	def, ok := r.Lookup("help")
+	if !ok || def.Name != "Help" {
+		t.Fatalf("lookup by lowercase name failed: ok=%v def=%+v", ok, def)
+	}
+
+	def, ok = r.Lookup("HELP")
+	if !ok || def.Name != "Help" {
+		t.Fatalf("lookup by uppercase name failed: ok=%v def=%+v", ok, def)
+	}
+
+	def, ok = r.Lookup("assist")
+	if !ok || def.Name != "Help" {
+		t.Fatalf("lookup by lowercase alias failed: ok=%v def=%+v", ok, def)
+	}
+
+	def, ok = r.Lookup("ASSIST")
+	if !ok || def.Name != "Help" {
+		t.Fatalf("lookup by uppercase alias failed: ok=%v def=%+v", ok, def)
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/request.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type Handler func(ctx context.Context, req Request, rt *Runtime) error
+
+type Request struct {
+	Channel  string
+	ChatID   string
+	SenderID string
+	Text     string
+	Reply    func(text string) error
+}
+
+const unavailableMsg = "Command unavailable in current context."
+
+var commandPrefixes = []string{"/", "!"}
+
+// parseCommandName accepts "/name", "!name", and Telegram's "/name@bot", then
+// normalizes to lowercase command names.
+func parseCommandName(input string) (string, bool) {
+	token := nthToken(input, 0)
+	if token == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	name, ok := trimCommandPrefix(token)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	if i := strings.Index(name, "@"); i >= 0 {
+		name = name[:i]
+	}
+	name = normalizeCommandName(name)
+	if name == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return name, true
+}
+
+func trimCommandPrefix(token string) (string, bool) {
+	for _, prefix := range commandPrefixes {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(token, prefix) {
+			return strings.TrimPrefix(token, prefix), true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+// HasCommandPrefix returns true if the input starts with a recognized
+// command prefix (e.g. "/" or "!").
+func HasCommandPrefix(input string) bool {
+	token := nthToken(input, 0)
+	if token == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, ok := trimCommandPrefix(token)
+	return ok
+}
+
+// nthToken returns the 0-indexed token from whitespace-split input.
+func nthToken(input string, n int) string {
+	parts := strings.Fields(strings.TrimSpace(input))
+	if n >= len(parts) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return parts[n]
+}
+
+func normalizeCommandName(name string) string {
+	return strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(name))
+}

pkg/commands/request_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package commands
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestHasCommandPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input string
+		want  bool
+	}{
+		{"/help", true},
+		{"!help", true},
+		{"/switch model to gpt-4", true},
+		{"!switch model to gpt-4", true},
+		{"hello", false},
+		{"", false},
+		{"   ", false},
+		{"hello /world", false},
+		{"/", true},
+		{"!", true},
+		{"  /help", true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		got := HasCommandPrefix(tt.input)
+		if got != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("HasCommandPrefix(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.input, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/commands/runtime.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package commands
+
+import "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+
+// Runtime provides runtime dependencies to command handlers. It is constructed
+// per-request by the agent loop so that per-request state (like session scope)
+// can coexist with long-lived callbacks (like GetModelInfo).
+type Runtime struct {
+	Config             *config.Config
+	GetModelInfo       func() (name, provider string)
+	ListAgentIDs       func() []string
+	ListDefinitions    func() []Definition
+	GetEnabledChannels func() []string
+	SwitchModel        func(value string) (oldModel string, err error)
+	SwitchChannel      func(value string) error
+}

pkg/commands/show_list_handlers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestShowListHandlers_ChannelPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), nil)
+
+	var telegramReply string
+	handled := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Channel: "telegram",
+		Text:    "/show channel",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			telegramReply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if handled.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("telegram /show outcome=%v, want=%v", handled.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if telegramReply != "Current Channel: telegram" {
+		t.Fatalf("telegram /show reply=%q, want=%q", telegramReply, "Current Channel: telegram")
+	}
+
+	var whatsappReply string
+	handledWhatsApp := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Channel: "whatsapp",
+		Text:    "/show channel",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			whatsappReply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if handledWhatsApp.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("whatsapp /show outcome=%v, want=%v", handledWhatsApp.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if handledWhatsApp.Command != "show" {
+		t.Fatalf("whatsapp /show command=%q, want=%q", handledWhatsApp.Command, "show")
+	}
+	if whatsappReply != "Current Channel: whatsapp" {
+		t.Fatalf("whatsapp /show reply=%q, want=%q", whatsappReply, "Current Channel: whatsapp")
+	}
+
+	passthrough := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Channel: "whatsapp",
+		Text:    "/foo",
+	})
+	if passthrough.Outcome != OutcomePassthrough {
+		t.Fatalf("whatsapp /foo outcome=%v, want=%v", passthrough.Outcome, OutcomePassthrough)
+	}
+	if passthrough.Command != "foo" {
+		t.Fatalf("whatsapp /foo command=%q, want=%q", passthrough.Command, "foo")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShowListHandlers_ListHandledOnAllChannels(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		GetEnabledChannels: func() []string {
+			return []string{"telegram"}
+		},
+	}
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Channel: "whatsapp",
+		Text:    "/list channels",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("whatsapp /list outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if res.Command != "list" {
+		t.Fatalf("whatsapp /list command=%q, want=%q", res.Command, "list")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "telegram") {
+		t.Fatalf("whatsapp /list reply=%q, expected enabled channels content", reply)
+	}
+}

pkg/config/config.go

@@ -167,22 +167,35 @@ type SessionConfig struct {
 	IdentityLinks map[string][]string `json:"identity_links,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// RoutingConfig controls the intelligent model routing feature.
+// When enabled, each incoming message is scored against structural features
+// (message length, code blocks, tool call history, conversation depth, attachments).
+// Messages scoring below Threshold are sent to LightModel; all others use the
+// agent's primary model. This reduces cost and latency for simple tasks without
+// requiring any keyword matching — all scoring is language-agnostic.
+type RoutingConfig struct {
+	Enabled    bool    `json:"enabled"`
+	LightModel string  `json:"light_model"` // model_name from model_list to use for simple tasks
+	Threshold  float64 `json:"threshold"`   // complexity score in [0,1]; score >= threshold → primary model
+}
+
 type AgentDefaults struct {
-	Workspace                 string   `json:"workspace"                       env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_WORKSPACE"`
-	RestrictToWorkspace       bool     `json:"restrict_to_workspace"           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_RESTRICT_TO_WORKSPACE"`
-	AllowReadOutsideWorkspace bool     `json:"allow_read_outside_workspace"    env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_ALLOW_READ_OUTSIDE_WORKSPACE"`
-	Provider                  string   `json:"provider"                        env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_PROVIDER"`
-	ModelName                 string   `json:"model_name,omitempty"            env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MODEL_NAME"`
-	Model                     string   `json:"model"                           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MODEL"` // Deprecated: use model_name instead
-	ModelFallbacks            []string `json:"model_fallbacks,omitempty"`
-	ImageModel                string   `json:"image_model,omitempty"           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_IMAGE_MODEL"`
-	ImageModelFallbacks       []string `json:"image_model_fallbacks,omitempty"`
-	MaxTokens                 int      `json:"max_tokens"                      env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MAX_TOKENS"`
-	Temperature               *float64 `json:"temperature,omitempty"           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_TEMPERATURE"`
-	MaxToolIterations         int      `json:"max_tool_iterations"             env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MAX_TOOL_ITERATIONS"`
-	SummarizeMessageThreshold int      `json:"summarize_message_threshold"     env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUMMARIZE_MESSAGE_THRESHOLD"`
-	SummarizeTokenPercent     int      `json:"summarize_token_percent"         env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUMMARIZE_TOKEN_PERCENT"`
-	MaxMediaSize              int      `json:"max_media_size,omitempty"        env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MAX_MEDIA_SIZE"`
+	Workspace                 string         `json:"workspace"                       env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_WORKSPACE"`
+	RestrictToWorkspace       bool           `json:"restrict_to_workspace"           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_RESTRICT_TO_WORKSPACE"`
+	AllowReadOutsideWorkspace bool           `json:"allow_read_outside_workspace"    env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_ALLOW_READ_OUTSIDE_WORKSPACE"`
+	Provider                  string         `json:"provider"                        env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_PROVIDER"`
+	ModelName                 string         `json:"model_name,omitempty"            env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MODEL_NAME"`
+	Model                     string         `json:"model"                           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MODEL"` // Deprecated: use model_name instead
+	ModelFallbacks            []string       `json:"model_fallbacks,omitempty"`
+	ImageModel                string         `json:"image_model,omitempty"           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_IMAGE_MODEL"`
+	ImageModelFallbacks       []string       `json:"image_model_fallbacks,omitempty"`
+	MaxTokens                 int            `json:"max_tokens"                      env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MAX_TOKENS"`
+	Temperature               *float64       `json:"temperature,omitempty"           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_TEMPERATURE"`
+	MaxToolIterations         int            `json:"max_tool_iterations"             env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MAX_TOOL_ITERATIONS"`
+	SummarizeMessageThreshold int            `json:"summarize_message_threshold"     env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUMMARIZE_MESSAGE_THRESHOLD"`
+	SummarizeTokenPercent     int            `json:"summarize_token_percent"         env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUMMARIZE_TOKEN_PERCENT"`
+	MaxMediaSize              int            `json:"max_media_size,omitempty"        env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MAX_MEDIA_SIZE"`
+	Routing                   *RoutingConfig `json:"routing,omitempty"`
 }
 
 const DefaultMaxMediaSize = 20 * 1024 * 1024 // 20 MB
@@ -526,6 +539,10 @@ type GatewayConfig struct {
 	Port int    `json:"port" env:"PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_PORT"`
 }
 
+type ToolConfig struct {
+	Enabled bool `json:"enabled" env:"ENABLED"`
+}
+
 type BraveConfig struct {
 	Enabled    bool   `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_ENABLED"`
 	APIKey     string `json:"api_key"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_API_KEY"`
@@ -550,6 +567,12 @@ type PerplexityConfig struct {
 	MaxResults int    `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PERPLEXITY_MAX_RESULTS"`
 }
 
+type SearXNGConfig struct {
+	Enabled    bool   `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_SEARXNG_ENABLED"`
+	BaseURL    string `json:"base_url"    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_SEARXNG_BASE_URL"`
+	MaxResults int    `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_SEARXNG_MAX_RESULTS"`
+}
+
 type GLMSearchConfig struct {
 	Enabled bool   `json:"enabled"  env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_ENABLED"`
 	APIKey  string `json:"api_key"  env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_API_KEY"`
@@ -561,11 +584,13 @@ type GLMSearchConfig struct {
 }
 
 type WebToolsConfig struct {
-	Brave      BraveConfig      `json:"brave"`
-	Tavily     TavilyConfig     `json:"tavily"`
-	DuckDuckGo DuckDuckGoConfig `json:"duckduckgo"`
-	Perplexity PerplexityConfig `json:"perplexity"`
-	GLMSearch  GLMSearchConfig  `json:"glm_search"`
+	ToolConfig `                 envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_"`
+	Brave      BraveConfig      `                                json:"brave"`
+	Tavily     TavilyConfig     `                                json:"tavily"`
+	DuckDuckGo DuckDuckGoConfig `                                json:"duckduckgo"`
+	Perplexity PerplexityConfig `                                json:"perplexity"`
+	SearXNG    SearXNGConfig    `                                json:"searxng"`
+	GLMSearch  GLMSearchConfig  `                                json:"glm_search"`
 	// Proxy is an optional proxy URL for web tools (http/https/socks5/socks5h).
 	// For authenticated proxies, prefer HTTP_PROXY/HTTPS_PROXY env vars instead of embedding credentials in config.
 	Proxy           string `json:"proxy,omitempty"             env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PROXY"`
@@ -573,19 +598,29 @@ type WebToolsConfig struct {
 }
 
 type CronToolsConfig struct {
-	ExecTimeoutMinutes int `json:"exec_timeout_minutes" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_CRON_EXEC_TIMEOUT_MINUTES"` // 0 means no timeout
+	ToolConfig         `    envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_CRON_"`
+	ExecTimeoutMinutes int `                                 env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_CRON_EXEC_TIMEOUT_MINUTES" json:"exec_timeout_minutes"` // 0 means no timeout
 }
 
 type ExecConfig struct {
-	EnableDenyPatterns  bool     `json:"enable_deny_patterns"  env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_EXEC_ENABLE_DENY_PATTERNS"`
-	CustomDenyPatterns  []string `json:"custom_deny_patterns"  env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_EXEC_CUSTOM_DENY_PATTERNS"`
-	CustomAllowPatterns []string `json:"custom_allow_patterns" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_EXEC_CUSTOM_ALLOW_PATTERNS"`
+	ToolConfig          `         envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_EXEC_"`
+	EnableDenyPatterns  bool     `                                 env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_EXEC_ENABLE_DENY_PATTERNS"  json:"enable_deny_patterns"`
+	CustomDenyPatterns  []string `                                 env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_EXEC_CUSTOM_DENY_PATTERNS"  json:"custom_deny_patterns"`
+	CustomAllowPatterns []string `                                 env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_EXEC_CUSTOM_ALLOW_PATTERNS" json:"custom_allow_patterns"`
+	TimeoutSeconds      int      `                                 env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_EXEC_TIMEOUT_SECONDS"       json:"timeout_seconds"` // 0 means use default (60s)
+}
+
+type SkillsToolsConfig struct {
+	ToolConfig            `                       envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SKILLS_"`
+	Registries            SkillsRegistriesConfig `                                   json:"registries"`
+	MaxConcurrentSearches int                    `                                   json:"max_concurrent_searches" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SKILLS_MAX_CONCURRENT_SEARCHES"`
+	SearchCache           SearchCacheConfig      `                                   json:"search_cache"`
 }
 
 type MediaCleanupConfig struct {
-	Enabled  bool `json:"enabled"          env:"PICOCLAW_MEDIA_CLEANUP_ENABLED"`
-	MaxAge   int  `json:"max_age_minutes"  env:"PICOCLAW_MEDIA_CLEANUP_MAX_AGE"`
-	Interval int  `json:"interval_minutes" env:"PICOCLAW_MEDIA_CLEANUP_INTERVAL"`
+	ToolConfig `    envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_MEDIA_CLEANUP_"`
+	MaxAge     int `                                    env:"PICOCLAW_MEDIA_CLEANUP_MAX_AGE"  json:"max_age_minutes"`
+	Interval   int `                                    env:"PICOCLAW_MEDIA_CLEANUP_INTERVAL" json:"interval_minutes"`
 }
 
 type ToolsConfig struct {
@@ -597,12 +632,19 @@ type ToolsConfig struct {
 	Skills          SkillsToolsConfig  `json:"skills"`
 	MediaCleanup    MediaCleanupConfig `json:"media_cleanup"`
 	MCP             MCPConfig          `json:"mcp"`
-}
-
-type SkillsToolsConfig struct {
-	Registries            SkillsRegistriesConfig `json:"registries"`
-	MaxConcurrentSearches int                    `json:"max_concurrent_searches" env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_MAX_CONCURRENT_SEARCHES"`
-	SearchCache           SearchCacheConfig      `json:"search_cache"`
+	AppendFile      ToolConfig         `json:"append_file"                                              envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_APPEND_FILE_"`
+	EditFile        ToolConfig         `json:"edit_file"                                                envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_EDIT_FILE_"`
+	FindSkills      ToolConfig         `json:"find_skills"                                              envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_FIND_SKILLS_"`
+	I2C             ToolConfig         `json:"i2c"                                                      envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_I2C_"`
+	InstallSkill    ToolConfig         `json:"install_skill"                                            envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_INSTALL_SKILL_"`
+	ListDir         ToolConfig         `json:"list_dir"                                                 envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_LIST_DIR_"`
+	Message         ToolConfig         `json:"message"                                                  envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_MESSAGE_"`
+	ReadFile        ToolConfig         `json:"read_file"                                                envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_READ_FILE_"`
+	Spawn           ToolConfig         `json:"spawn"                                                    envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SPAWN_"`
+	SPI             ToolConfig         `json:"spi"                                                      envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SPI_"`
+	Subagent        ToolConfig         `json:"subagent"                                                 envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SUBAGENT_"`
+	WebFetch        ToolConfig         `json:"web_fetch"                                                envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_FETCH_"`
+	WriteFile       ToolConfig         `json:"write_file"                                               envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WRITE_FILE_"`
 }
 
 type SearchCacheConfig struct {
@@ -648,8 +690,7 @@ type MCPServerConfig struct {
 
 // MCPConfig defines configuration for all MCP servers
 type MCPConfig struct {
-	// Enabled globally enables/disables MCP integration
-	Enabled bool `json:"enabled" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_MCP_ENABLED"`
+	ToolConfig `envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_MCP_"`
 	// Servers is a map of server name to server configuration
 	Servers map[string]MCPServerConfig `json:"servers,omitempty"`
 }
@@ -835,3 +876,48 @@ func (c *Config) ValidateModelList() error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (t *ToolsConfig) IsToolEnabled(name string) bool {
+	switch name {
+	case "web":
+		return t.Web.Enabled
+	case "cron":
+		return t.Cron.Enabled
+	case "exec":
+		return t.Exec.Enabled
+	case "skills":
+		return t.Skills.Enabled
+	case "media_cleanup":
+		return t.MediaCleanup.Enabled
+	case "append_file":
+		return t.AppendFile.Enabled
+	case "edit_file":
+		return t.EditFile.Enabled
+	case "find_skills":
+		return t.FindSkills.Enabled
+	case "i2c":
+		return t.I2C.Enabled
+	case "install_skill":
+		return t.InstallSkill.Enabled
+	case "list_dir":
+		return t.ListDir.Enabled
+	case "message":
+		return t.Message.Enabled
+	case "read_file":
+		return t.ReadFile.Enabled
+	case "spawn":
+		return t.Spawn.Enabled
+	case "spi":
+		return t.SPI.Enabled
+	case "subagent":
+		return t.Subagent.Enabled
+	case "web_fetch":
+		return t.WebFetch.Enabled
+	case "write_file":
+		return t.WriteFile.Enabled
+	case "mcp":
+		return t.MCP.Enabled
+	default:
+		return true
+	}
+}

pkg/config/defaults.go

@@ -336,11 +336,16 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 		},
 		Tools: ToolsConfig{
 			MediaCleanup: MediaCleanupConfig{
-				Enabled:  true,
+				ToolConfig: ToolConfig{
+					Enabled: true,
+				},
 				MaxAge:   30,
 				Interval: 5,
 			},
 			Web: WebToolsConfig{
+				ToolConfig: ToolConfig{
+					Enabled: true,
+				},
 				Proxy:           "",
 				FetchLimitBytes: 10 * 1024 * 1024, // 10MB by default
 				Brave: BraveConfig{
@@ -357,6 +362,11 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 					APIKey:     "",
 					MaxResults: 5,
 				},
+				SearXNG: SearXNGConfig{
+					Enabled:    false,
+					BaseURL:    "",
+					MaxResults: 5,
+				},
 				GLMSearch: GLMSearchConfig{
 					Enabled:      false,
 					APIKey:       "",
@@ -366,12 +376,22 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				},
 			},
 			Cron: CronToolsConfig{
+				ToolConfig: ToolConfig{
+					Enabled: true,
+				},
 				ExecTimeoutMinutes: 5,
 			},
 			Exec: ExecConfig{
+				ToolConfig: ToolConfig{
+					Enabled: true,
+				},
 				EnableDenyPatterns: true,
+				TimeoutSeconds:     60,
 			},
 			Skills: SkillsToolsConfig{
+				ToolConfig: ToolConfig{
+					Enabled: true,
+				},
 				Registries: SkillsRegistriesConfig{
 					ClawHub: ClawHubRegistryConfig{
 						Enabled: true,
@@ -385,9 +405,50 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				},
 			},
 			MCP: MCPConfig{
-				Enabled: false,
+				ToolConfig: ToolConfig{
+					Enabled: false,
+				},
 				Servers: map[string]MCPServerConfig{},
 			},
+			AppendFile: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
+			EditFile: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
+			FindSkills: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
+			I2C: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: false, // Hardware tool - Linux only
+			},
+			InstallSkill: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
+			ListDir: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
+			Message: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
+			ReadFile: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
+			Spawn: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
+			SPI: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: false, // Hardware tool - Linux only
+			},
+			Subagent: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
+			WebFetch: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
+			WriteFile: ToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
 		},
 		Heartbeat: HeartbeatConfig{
 			Enabled:  true,

pkg/mcp/manager_test.go

@@ -194,7 +194,9 @@ func TestLoadFromMCPConfig_EmptyWorkspaceWithRelativeEnvFile(t *testing.T) {
 	mgr := NewManager()
 
 	mcpCfg := config.MCPConfig{
-		Enabled: true,
+		ToolConfig: config.ToolConfig{
+			Enabled: true,
+		},
 		Servers: map[string]config.MCPServerConfig{
 			"test-server": {
 				Enabled: true,
@@ -228,12 +230,20 @@ func TestNewManager_InitialState(t *testing.T) {
 func TestLoadFromMCPConfig_DisabledOrEmptyServers(t *testing.T) {
 	mgr := NewManager()
 
-	err := mgr.LoadFromMCPConfig(context.Background(), config.MCPConfig{Enabled: false}, "/tmp")
+	err := mgr.LoadFromMCPConfig(
+		context.Background(),
+		config.MCPConfig{ToolConfig: config.ToolConfig{Enabled: false}},
+		"/tmp",
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected nil error when MCP disabled, got: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	err = mgr.LoadFromMCPConfig(context.Background(), config.MCPConfig{Enabled: true}, "/tmp")
+	err = mgr.LoadFromMCPConfig(
+		context.Background(),
+		config.MCPConfig{ToolConfig: config.ToolConfig{Enabled: true}},
+		"/tmp",
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected nil error when no servers configured, got: %v", err)
 	}

pkg/providers/antigravity_provider.go

@@ -640,7 +640,10 @@ func FetchAntigravityProjectID(accessToken string) (string, error) {
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
-	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("reading loadCodeAssist response: %w", err)
+	}
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("loadCodeAssist failed: %s", string(body))
 	}
@@ -681,7 +684,10 @@ func FetchAntigravityModels(accessToken, projectID string) ([]AntigravityModelIn
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
-	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading fetchAvailableModels response: %w", err)
+	}
 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
 			"fetchAvailableModels failed (HTTP %d): %s",

pkg/routing/classifier.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package routing
+
+// Classifier evaluates a feature set and returns a complexity score in [0, 1].
+// A higher score indicates a more complex task that benefits from a heavy model.
+// The score is compared against the configured threshold: score >= threshold selects
+// the primary (heavy) model; score < threshold selects the light model.
+//
+// Classifier is an interface so that future implementations (ML-based, embedding-based,
+// or any other approach) can be swapped in without changing routing infrastructure.
+type Classifier interface {
+	Score(f Features) float64
+}
+
+// RuleClassifier is the v1 implementation.
+// It uses a weighted sum of structural signals with no external dependencies,
+// no API calls, and sub-microsecond latency. The raw sum is capped at 1.0 so
+// that the returned score always falls within the [0, 1] contract.
+//
+// Individual weights (multiple signals can fire simultaneously):
+//
+//	token > 200 (≈600 chars): 0.35  — very long prompts are almost always complex
+//	token 50-200:             0.15  — medium length; may or may not be complex
+//	code block present:       0.40  — coding tasks need the heavy model
+//	tool calls > 3 (recent):  0.25  — dense tool usage signals an agentic workflow
+//	tool calls 1-3 (recent):  0.10  — some tool activity
+//	conversation depth > 10:  0.10  — long sessions carry implicit complexity
+//	attachments present:      1.00  — hard gate; multi-modal always needs heavy model
+//
+// Default threshold is 0.35, so:
+//   - Pure greetings / trivial Q&A:                 0.00 → light  ✓
+//   - Medium prose message (50–200 tokens):          0.15 → light  ✓
+//   - Message with code block:                       0.40 → heavy  ✓
+//   - Long message (>200 tokens):                    0.35 → heavy  ✓
+//   - Active tool session + medium message:          0.25 → light  (acceptable)
+//   - Any message with an image/audio attachment:    1.00 → heavy  ✓
+type RuleClassifier struct{}
+
+// Score computes the complexity score for the given feature set.
+// The returned value is in [0, 1]. Attachments short-circuit to 1.0.
+func (c *RuleClassifier) Score(f Features) float64 {
+	// Hard gate: multi-modal inputs always require the heavy model.
+	if f.HasAttachments {
+		return 1.0
+	}
+
+	var score float64
+
+	// Token estimate — primary verbosity signal
+	switch {
+	case f.TokenEstimate > 200:
+		score += 0.35
+	case f.TokenEstimate > 50:
+		score += 0.15
+	}
+
+	// Fenced code blocks — strongest indicator of a coding/technical task
+	if f.CodeBlockCount > 0 {
+		score += 0.40
+	}
+
+	// Recent tool call density — indicates an ongoing agentic workflow
+	switch {
+	case f.RecentToolCalls > 3:
+		score += 0.25
+	case f.RecentToolCalls > 0:
+		score += 0.10
+	}
+
+	// Conversation depth — accumulated context implies compound task
+	if f.ConversationDepth > 10 {
+		score += 0.10
+	}
+
+	// Cap at 1.0 to honor the [0, 1] contract even when multiple signals fire
+	// simultaneously (e.g., long message + code block + tool chain = 1.10 raw).
+	if score > 1.0 {
+		score = 1.0
+	}
+	return score
+}

pkg/routing/features.go

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package routing
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+)
+
+// lookbackWindow is the number of recent history entries scanned for tool calls.
+// Six entries covers roughly one full tool-use round-trip (user → assistant+tool_call → tool_result → assistant).
+const lookbackWindow = 6
+
+// Features holds the structural signals extracted from a message and its session context.
+// Every dimension is language-agnostic by construction — no keyword or pattern matching
+// against natural-language content. This ensures consistent routing for all locales.
+type Features struct {
+	// TokenEstimate is a proxy for token count.
+	// CJK runes count as 1 token each; non-CJK runes as 0.25 tokens each.
+	// This avoids API calls while giving accurate estimates for all scripts.
+	TokenEstimate int
+
+	// CodeBlockCount is the number of fenced code blocks (``` pairs) in the message.
+	// Coding tasks almost always require the heavy model.
+	CodeBlockCount int
+
+	// RecentToolCalls is the count of tool_call messages in the last lookbackWindow
+	// history entries. A high density indicates an active agentic workflow.
+	RecentToolCalls int
+
+	// ConversationDepth is the total number of messages in the session history.
+	// Deep sessions tend to carry implicit complexity built up over many turns.
+	ConversationDepth int
+
+	// HasAttachments is true when the message appears to contain media (images,
+	// audio, video). Multi-modal inputs require vision-capable heavy models.
+	HasAttachments bool
+}
+
+// ExtractFeatures computes the structural feature vector for a message.
+// It is a pure function with no side effects and zero allocations beyond
+// the returned struct.
+func ExtractFeatures(msg string, history []providers.Message) Features {
+	return Features{
+		TokenEstimate:     estimateTokens(msg),
+		CodeBlockCount:    countCodeBlocks(msg),
+		RecentToolCalls:   countRecentToolCalls(history),
+		ConversationDepth: len(history),
+		HasAttachments:    hasAttachments(msg),
+	}
+}
+
+// estimateTokens returns a token count proxy that handles both CJK and Latin text.
+// CJK runes (U+2E80–U+9FFF, U+F900–U+FAFF, U+AC00–U+D7AF) map to roughly one
+// token each, while non-CJK runes average ~0.25 tokens/rune (≈4 chars per token
+// for English). Splitting the count this way avoids the 3x underestimation that a
+// flat rune_count/3 would produce for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean text.
+func estimateTokens(msg string) int {
+	total := utf8.RuneCountInString(msg)
+	if total == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	cjk := 0
+	for _, r := range msg {
+		if r >= 0x2E80 && r <= 0x9FFF || r >= 0xF900 && r <= 0xFAFF || r >= 0xAC00 && r <= 0xD7AF {
+			cjk++
+		}
+	}
+	return cjk + (total-cjk)/4
+}
+
+// countCodeBlocks counts the number of complete fenced code blocks.
+// Each ``` delimiter increments a counter; pairs of delimiters form one block.
+// An unclosed opening fence (odd count) is treated as zero complete blocks
+// since it may just be an inline code span or a typo.
+func countCodeBlocks(msg string) int {
+	n := strings.Count(msg, "```")
+	return n / 2
+}
+
+// countRecentToolCalls counts messages with tool calls in the last lookbackWindow
+// entries of history. It examines the ToolCalls field rather than parsing
+// the content string, so it is robust to any message format.
+func countRecentToolCalls(history []providers.Message) int {
+	start := len(history) - lookbackWindow
+	if start < 0 {
+		start = 0
+	}
+
+	count := 0
+	for _, msg := range history[start:] {
+		if len(msg.ToolCalls) > 0 {
+			count += len(msg.ToolCalls)
+		}
+	}
+	return count
+}
+
+// hasAttachments returns true when the message content contains embedded media.
+// It checks for base64 data URIs (data:image/, data:audio/, data:video/) and
+// common image/audio URL extensions. This is intentionally conservative —
+// false negatives (missing an attachment) just mean the routing falls back to
+// the primary model anyway.
+func hasAttachments(msg string) bool {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(msg)
+
+	// Base64 data URIs embedded directly in the message
+	if strings.Contains(lower, "data:image/") ||
+		strings.Contains(lower, "data:audio/") ||
+		strings.Contains(lower, "data:video/") {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Common image/audio extensions in URLs or file references
+	mediaExts := []string{
+		".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".gif", ".webp", ".bmp",
+		".mp3", ".wav", ".ogg", ".m4a", ".flac",
+		".mp4", ".avi", ".mov", ".webm",
+	}
+	for _, ext := range mediaExts {
+		if strings.Contains(lower, ext) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

pkg/routing/router.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package routing
+
+import (
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+)
+
+// defaultThreshold is used when the config threshold is zero or negative.
+// At 0.35 a message needs at least one strong signal (code block, long text,
+// or an attachment) before the heavy model is chosen.
+const defaultThreshold = 0.35
+
+// RouterConfig holds the validated model routing settings.
+// It mirrors config.RoutingConfig but lives in pkg/routing to keep the
+// dependency graph simple: pkg/agent resolves config → routing, not the reverse.
+type RouterConfig struct {
+	// LightModel is the model_name (from model_list) used for simple tasks.
+	LightModel string
+
+	// Threshold is the complexity score cutoff in [0, 1].
+	// score >= Threshold → primary (heavy) model.
+	// score <  Threshold → light model.
+	Threshold float64
+}
+
+// Router selects the appropriate model tier for each incoming message.
+// It is safe for concurrent use from multiple goroutines.
+type Router struct {
+	cfg        RouterConfig
+	classifier Classifier
+}
+
+// New creates a Router with the given config and the default RuleClassifier.
+// If cfg.Threshold is zero or negative, defaultThreshold (0.35) is used.
+func New(cfg RouterConfig) *Router {
+	if cfg.Threshold <= 0 {
+		cfg.Threshold = defaultThreshold
+	}
+	return &Router{
+		cfg:        cfg,
+		classifier: &RuleClassifier{},
+	}
+}
+
+// newWithClassifier creates a Router with a custom Classifier.
+// Intended for unit tests that need to inject a deterministic scorer.
+func newWithClassifier(cfg RouterConfig, c Classifier) *Router {
+	if cfg.Threshold <= 0 {
+		cfg.Threshold = defaultThreshold
+	}
+	return &Router{cfg: cfg, classifier: c}
+}
+
+// SelectModel returns the model to use for this conversation turn along with
+// the computed complexity score (for logging and debugging).
+//
+//   - If score < cfg.Threshold: returns (cfg.LightModel, true, score)
+//   - Otherwise:               returns (primaryModel, false, score)
+//
+// The caller is responsible for resolving the returned model name into
+// provider candidates (see AgentInstance.LightCandidates).
+func (r *Router) SelectModel(
+	msg string,
+	history []providers.Message,
+	primaryModel string,
+) (model string, usedLight bool, score float64) {
+	features := ExtractFeatures(msg, history)
+	score = r.classifier.Score(features)
+	if score < r.cfg.Threshold {
+		return r.cfg.LightModel, true, score
+	}
+	return primaryModel, false, score
+}
+
+// LightModel returns the configured light model name.
+func (r *Router) LightModel() string {
+	return r.cfg.LightModel
+}
+
+// Threshold returns the complexity threshold in use.
+func (r *Router) Threshold() float64 {
+	return r.cfg.Threshold
+}

pkg/routing/router_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+package routing
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+)
+
+// ── ExtractFeatures ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func TestExtractFeatures_EmptyMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	f := ExtractFeatures("", nil)
+	if f.TokenEstimate != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("TokenEstimate: got %d, want 0", f.TokenEstimate)
+	}
+	if f.CodeBlockCount != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("CodeBlockCount: got %d, want 0", f.CodeBlockCount)
+	}
+	if f.RecentToolCalls != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("RecentToolCalls: got %d, want 0", f.RecentToolCalls)
+	}
+	if f.ConversationDepth != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("ConversationDepth: got %d, want 0", f.ConversationDepth)
+	}
+	if f.HasAttachments {
+		t.Error("HasAttachments: got true, want false")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractFeatures_TokenEstimate(t *testing.T) {
+	// 30 ASCII runes: 0 CJK + 30/4 = 7 tokens
+	msg := strings.Repeat("a", 30)
+	f := ExtractFeatures(msg, nil)
+	if f.TokenEstimate != 7 {
+		t.Errorf("TokenEstimate: got %d, want 7", f.TokenEstimate)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractFeatures_TokenEstimate_CJK(t *testing.T) {
+	// 9 CJK runes → 9 tokens (each CJK rune ≈ 1 token).
+	// Using a rune slice literal avoids CJK string literals in source.
+	msg := string([]rune{
+		0x4F60, 0x597D, 0x4E16, 0x754C,
+		0x4F60, 0x597D, 0x4E16, 0x754C,
+		0x4F60,
+	})
+	f := ExtractFeatures(msg, nil)
+	if f.TokenEstimate != 9 {
+		t.Errorf("CJK TokenEstimate: got %d, want 9", f.TokenEstimate)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractFeatures_TokenEstimate_Mixed(t *testing.T) {
+	// Mixed: 4 CJK runes + 8 ASCII runes → 4 + 8/4 = 6 tokens.
+	msg := string([]rune{0x4F60, 0x597D, 0x4E16, 0x754C}) + "hello ok"
+	f := ExtractFeatures(msg, nil)
+	if f.TokenEstimate != 6 {
+		t.Errorf("Mixed TokenEstimate: got %d, want 6", f.TokenEstimate)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractFeatures_CodeBlocks(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		msg  string
+		want int
+	}{
+		{"no code here", 0},
+		{"```go\nfmt.Println()\n```", 1},
+		{"```python\npass\n```\n```js\nconsole.log()\n```", 2},
+		{"```unclosed", 0}, // odd number of fences = 0 complete blocks
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		f := ExtractFeatures(tc.msg, nil)
+		if f.CodeBlockCount != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("msg=%q: CodeBlockCount got %d, want %d", tc.msg, f.CodeBlockCount, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractFeatures_RecentToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	// History longer than lookbackWindow — only last lookbackWindow entries count.
+	history := make([]providers.Message, 10)
+	// Put 2 tool calls at positions 8 and 9 (within the last 6)
+	history[8] = providers.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{{Name: "exec"}}}
+	history[9] = providers.Message{
+		Role:      "assistant",
+		ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{{Name: "read_file"}, {Name: "write_file"}},
+	}
+	// Position 3 is outside the lookback window and must NOT be counted
+	history[3] = providers.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{{Name: "old_tool"}}}
+
+	f := ExtractFeatures("test", history)
+	// 1 (position 8) + 2 (position 9) = 3
+	if f.RecentToolCalls != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("RecentToolCalls: got %d, want 3", f.RecentToolCalls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractFeatures_ConversationDepth(t *testing.T) {
+	history := make([]providers.Message, 7)
+	f := ExtractFeatures("msg", history)
+	if f.ConversationDepth != 7 {
+		t.Errorf("ConversationDepth: got %d, want 7", f.ConversationDepth)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractFeatures_HasAttachments_DataURI(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		msg  string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"plain text", false},
+		{"here is an image: data:image/png;base64,abc123", true},
+		{"audio: data:audio/mp3;base64,xyz", true},
+		{"video: data:video/mp4;base64,xyz", true},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		f := ExtractFeatures(tc.msg, nil)
+		if f.HasAttachments != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("msg=%q: HasAttachments got %v, want %v", tc.msg, f.HasAttachments, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractFeatures_HasAttachments_Extension(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		msg  string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"check out photo.jpg", true},
+		{"see screenshot.png", true},
+		{"listen to audio.mp3", true},
+		{"watch clip.mp4", true},
+		{"just a .go file", false},
+		{"document.pdf", false}, // pdf is not in the media list
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		f := ExtractFeatures(tc.msg, nil)
+		if f.HasAttachments != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("msg=%q: HasAttachments got %v, want %v", tc.msg, f.HasAttachments, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// ── RuleClassifier ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func TestRuleClassifier_ZeroFeatures(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &RuleClassifier{}
+	score := c.Score(Features{})
+	if score != 0.0 {
+		t.Errorf("zero features: got %f, want 0.0", score)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRuleClassifier_AttachmentsHardGate(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &RuleClassifier{}
+	score := c.Score(Features{HasAttachments: true})
+	if score != 1.0 {
+		t.Errorf("attachments: got %f, want 1.0", score)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRuleClassifier_CodeBlockAlone(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &RuleClassifier{}
+	// Code block alone = 0.40, above default threshold 0.35
+	score := c.Score(Features{CodeBlockCount: 1})
+	if score < 0.35 {
+		t.Errorf("code block: score %f is below default threshold 0.35", score)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRuleClassifier_LongMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &RuleClassifier{}
+	// >200 tokens = 0.35, exactly at default threshold → heavy
+	score := c.Score(Features{TokenEstimate: 250})
+	if score < 0.35 {
+		t.Errorf("long message: score %f is below default threshold 0.35", score)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRuleClassifier_MediumMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &RuleClassifier{}
+	// 50-200 tokens = 0.15, below threshold → light
+	score := c.Score(Features{TokenEstimate: 100})
+	if score >= 0.35 {
+		t.Errorf("medium message: score %f should be below default threshold 0.35", score)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRuleClassifier_ShortMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &RuleClassifier{}
+	// <50 tokens, no other signals = 0.0 → light
+	score := c.Score(Features{TokenEstimate: 10})
+	if score != 0.0 {
+		t.Errorf("short message: got %f, want 0.0", score)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRuleClassifier_ToolCallDensity(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &RuleClassifier{}
+
+	scoreNone := c.Score(Features{RecentToolCalls: 0})
+	scoreLow := c.Score(Features{RecentToolCalls: 2})
+	scoreHigh := c.Score(Features{RecentToolCalls: 5})
+
+	if scoreNone != 0.0 {
+		t.Errorf("no tools: got %f, want 0.0", scoreNone)
+	}
+	if scoreLow <= scoreNone {
+		t.Errorf("low tools should score higher than none: %f vs %f", scoreLow, scoreNone)
+	}
+	if scoreHigh <= scoreLow {
+		t.Errorf("high tools should score higher than low: %f vs %f", scoreHigh, scoreLow)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRuleClassifier_DeepConversation(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &RuleClassifier{}
+	shallow := c.Score(Features{ConversationDepth: 5})
+	deep := c.Score(Features{ConversationDepth: 15})
+	if deep <= shallow {
+		t.Errorf("deep conversation should score higher: %f vs %f", deep, shallow)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRuleClassifier_ScoreDoesNotExceedOne(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &RuleClassifier{}
+	// Max all signals simultaneously
+	f := Features{
+		TokenEstimate:     500,
+		CodeBlockCount:    3,
+		RecentToolCalls:   10,
+		ConversationDepth: 20,
+	}
+	score := c.Score(f)
+	if score > 1.0 {
+		t.Errorf("score %f exceeds 1.0", score)
+	}
+}
+
+// ── Router ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func TestRouter_DefaultThreshold(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(RouterConfig{LightModel: "gemini-flash"})
+	if r.Threshold() != defaultThreshold {
+		t.Errorf("default threshold: got %f, want %f", r.Threshold(), defaultThreshold)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_NegativeThresholdFallsBackToDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(RouterConfig{LightModel: "gemini-flash", Threshold: -0.1})
+	if r.Threshold() != defaultThreshold {
+		t.Errorf("negative threshold: got %f, want %f", r.Threshold(), defaultThreshold)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_SelectModel_SimpleMessageUsesLight(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(RouterConfig{LightModel: "gemini-flash", Threshold: 0.35})
+	msg := "hi"
+	model, usedLight, _ := r.SelectModel(msg, nil, "claude-sonnet-4-6")
+	if !usedLight {
+		t.Error("simple message: expected light model to be selected")
+	}
+	if model != "gemini-flash" {
+		t.Errorf("simple message: model got %q, want %q", model, "gemini-flash")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_SelectModel_CodeBlockUsesPrimary(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(RouterConfig{LightModel: "gemini-flash", Threshold: 0.35})
+	msg := "```go\nfmt.Println(\"hello\")\n```"
+	model, usedLight, _ := r.SelectModel(msg, nil, "claude-sonnet-4-6")
+	if usedLight {
+		t.Error("code block: expected primary model to be selected")
+	}
+	if model != "claude-sonnet-4-6" {
+		t.Errorf("code block: model got %q, want %q", model, "claude-sonnet-4-6")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_SelectModel_AttachmentUsesPrimary(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(RouterConfig{LightModel: "gemini-flash", Threshold: 0.35})
+	msg := "can you analyze this? data:image/png;base64,abc123"
+	model, usedLight, _ := r.SelectModel(msg, nil, "claude-sonnet-4-6")
+	if usedLight {
+		t.Error("attachment: expected primary model to be selected")
+	}
+	if model != "claude-sonnet-4-6" {
+		t.Errorf("attachment: model got %q, want %q", model, "claude-sonnet-4-6")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_SelectModel_LongMessageUsesPrimary(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(RouterConfig{LightModel: "gemini-flash", Threshold: 0.35})
+	// >200 token estimate: 210 * 3 = 630 chars
+	msg := strings.Repeat("word ", 210)
+	model, usedLight, _ := r.SelectModel(msg, nil, "claude-sonnet-4-6")
+	if usedLight {
+		t.Error("long message: expected primary model to be selected")
+	}
+	if model != "claude-sonnet-4-6" {
+		t.Errorf("long message: model got %q, want %q", model, "claude-sonnet-4-6")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_SelectModel_DeepToolChainUsesLight(t *testing.T) {
+	// Tool calls alone (0.25) don't cross the 0.35 threshold — acceptable behavior.
+	// Routing is conservative: only promote to heavy when the signal is unambiguous.
+	r := New(RouterConfig{LightModel: "gemini-flash", Threshold: 0.35})
+	history := []providers.Message{
+		{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{{Name: "read_file"}, {Name: "write_file"}}},
+		{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{{Name: "exec"}, {Name: "search"}}},
+	}
+	msg := "ok"
+	_, usedLight, _ := r.SelectModel(msg, history, "claude-sonnet-4-6")
+	if !usedLight {
+		t.Error("short message + moderate tool calls: expected light model (score 0.20 < 0.35)")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_SelectModel_ToolChainPlusMediumUsesHeavy(t *testing.T) {
+	// Tool calls (0.25) + medium message (0.15) = 0.40 >= 0.35 → heavy
+	r := New(RouterConfig{LightModel: "gemini-flash", Threshold: 0.35})
+	history := []providers.Message{
+		{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+			{Name: "a"}, {Name: "b"}, {Name: "c"}, {Name: "d"},
+		}},
+	}
+	// ~55 tokens * 3 = 165 chars
+	msg := strings.Repeat("word ", 55)
+	_, usedLight, _ := r.SelectModel(msg, history, "claude-sonnet-4-6")
+	if usedLight {
+		t.Error("tool chain + medium message: expected primary model (score >= 0.35)")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_SelectModel_CustomThreshold(t *testing.T) {
+	// Very low threshold: even a short message triggers heavy model
+	r := New(RouterConfig{LightModel: "gemini-flash", Threshold: 0.05})
+	msg := strings.Repeat("word ", 55) // medium message → 0.15 >= 0.05
+	_, usedLight, _ := r.SelectModel(msg, nil, "claude-sonnet-4-6")
+	if usedLight {
+		t.Error("low threshold: medium message should use primary model")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_SelectModel_HighThreshold(t *testing.T) {
+	// Very high threshold: even code blocks route to light
+	r := New(RouterConfig{LightModel: "gemini-flash", Threshold: 0.99})
+	msg := "```go\nfmt.Println()\n```"
+	_, usedLight, _ := r.SelectModel(msg, nil, "claude-sonnet-4-6")
+	if !usedLight {
+		t.Error("very high threshold: code block (0.40) should route to light model")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_LightModel(t *testing.T) {
+	r := New(RouterConfig{LightModel: "my-fast-model", Threshold: 0.35})
+	if r.LightModel() != "my-fast-model" {
+		t.Errorf("LightModel: got %q, want %q", r.LightModel(), "my-fast-model")
+	}
+}
+
+// ── newWithClassifier (internal testing hook) ─────────────────────────────────
+
+type fixedScoreClassifier struct{ score float64 }
+
+func (f *fixedScoreClassifier) Score(_ Features) float64 { return f.score }
+
+func TestRouter_CustomClassifier_LowScore_SelectsLight(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newWithClassifier(
+		RouterConfig{LightModel: "light", Threshold: 0.5},
+		&fixedScoreClassifier{score: 0.2},
+	)
+	_, usedLight, _ := r.SelectModel("anything", nil, "heavy")
+	if !usedLight {
+		t.Error("low score with custom classifier: expected light model")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_CustomClassifier_HighScore_SelectsPrimary(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newWithClassifier(
+		RouterConfig{LightModel: "light", Threshold: 0.5},
+		&fixedScoreClassifier{score: 0.8},
+	)
+	_, usedLight, _ := r.SelectModel("anything", nil, "heavy")
+	if usedLight {
+		t.Error("high score with custom classifier: expected primary model")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_CustomClassifier_ExactThreshold_SelectsPrimary(t *testing.T) {
+	// score == threshold → primary (uses >= comparison)
+	r := newWithClassifier(
+		RouterConfig{LightModel: "light", Threshold: 0.5},
+		&fixedScoreClassifier{score: 0.5},
+	)
+	_, usedLight, _ := r.SelectModel("anything", nil, "heavy")
+	if usedLight {
+		t.Error("score == threshold: expected primary model (>= threshold → primary)")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_SelectModel_ReturnsScore(t *testing.T) {
+	r := newWithClassifier(
+		RouterConfig{LightModel: "light", Threshold: 0.5},
+		&fixedScoreClassifier{score: 0.42},
+	)
+	_, _, score := r.SelectModel("anything", nil, "heavy")
+	if score != 0.42 {
+		t.Errorf("score: got %f, want 0.42", score)
+	}
+}

pkg/skills/clawhub_registry.go

@@ -259,15 +259,7 @@ func (c *ClawHubRegistry) DownloadAndInstall(
 	}
 	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
 
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", u.String(), nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
-	}
-	if c.authToken != "" {
-		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+c.authToken)
-	}
-
-	tmpPath, err := utils.DownloadToFile(ctx, c.client, req, int64(c.maxZipSize))
+	tmpPath, err := c.downloadToTempFileWithRetry(ctx, u.String())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("download failed: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -284,17 +276,12 @@ func (c *ClawHubRegistry) DownloadAndInstall(
 // --- HTTP helper ---
 
 func (c *ClawHubRegistry) doGet(ctx context.Context, urlStr string) ([]byte, error) {
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", urlStr, nil)
+	req, err := c.newGetRequest(ctx, urlStr, "application/json")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
-	if c.authToken != "" {
-		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+c.authToken)
-	}
-
-	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
+	resp, err := utils.DoRequestWithRetry(c.client, req)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -312,3 +299,64 @@ func (c *ClawHubRegistry) doGet(ctx context.Context, urlStr string) ([]byte, err
 
 	return body, nil
 }
+
+func (c *ClawHubRegistry) newGetRequest(ctx context.Context, urlStr, accept string) (*http.Request, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, urlStr, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", accept)
+	if c.authToken != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+c.authToken)
+	}
+	return req, nil
+}
+
+func (c *ClawHubRegistry) downloadToTempFileWithRetry(ctx context.Context, urlStr string) (string, error) {
+	req, err := c.newGetRequest(ctx, urlStr, "application/zip")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	resp, err := utils.DoRequestWithRetry(c.client, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		errBody := make([]byte, 512)
+		n, _ := io.ReadFull(resp.Body, errBody)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("HTTP %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(errBody[:n]))
+	}
+
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "picoclaw-dl-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp file: %w", err)
+	}
+	tmpPath := tmpFile.Name()
+
+	cleanup := func() {
+		_ = tmpFile.Close()
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+	}
+
+	src := io.LimitReader(resp.Body, int64(c.maxZipSize)+1)
+	written, err := io.Copy(tmpFile, src)
+	if err != nil {
+		cleanup()
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("download write failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if written > int64(c.maxZipSize) {
+		cleanup()
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("download too large: %d bytes (max %d)", written, c.maxZipSize)
+	}
+
+	if err := tmpFile.Close(); err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to close temp file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return tmpPath, nil
+}

pkg/skills/clawhub_registry_test.go

@@ -54,6 +54,39 @@ func TestClawHubRegistrySearch(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "clawhub", results[0].RegistryName)
 }
 
+func TestClawHubRegistrySearchRetries429(t *testing.T) {
+	attempts := 0
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		attempts++
+		if attempts == 1 {
+			w.Header().Set("Retry-After", "0")
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusTooManyRequests)
+			w.Write([]byte("rate limited"))
+			return
+		}
+
+		slug := "github"
+		name := "GitHub Integration"
+		summary := "Interact with GitHub repos"
+		version := "1.0.0"
+
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(clawhubSearchResponse{
+			Results: []clawhubSearchResult{
+				{Score: 0.95, Slug: &slug, DisplayName: &name, Summary: &summary, Version: &version},
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	reg := newTestRegistry(srv.URL, "")
+	results, err := reg.Search(context.Background(), "github", 5)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, results, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, attempts)
+	assert.Equal(t, "github", results[0].Slug)
+}
+
 func TestClawHubRegistryGetSkillMeta(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "/api/v1/skills/github", r.URL.Path)
@@ -137,6 +170,54 @@ func TestClawHubRegistryDownloadAndInstall(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, string(readmeContent), "# Test Skill")
 }
 
+func TestClawHubRegistryDownloadAndInstallRetries429(t *testing.T) {
+	zipBuf := createTestZip(t, map[string]string{
+		"SKILL.md": "---\nname: retry-skill\ndescription: A test\n---\nHello skill",
+	})
+
+	downloadAttempts := 0
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/api/v1/skills/retry-skill":
+			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(clawhubSkillResponse{
+				Slug:          "retry-skill",
+				DisplayName:   "Retry Skill",
+				Summary:       "A retry test skill",
+				LatestVersion: &clawhubVersionInfo{Version: "1.0.0"},
+			})
+		case "/api/v1/download":
+			downloadAttempts++
+			if downloadAttempts == 1 {
+				w.Header().Set("Retry-After", "0")
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusTooManyRequests)
+				w.Write([]byte("rate limited"))
+				return
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, "retry-skill", r.URL.Query().Get("slug"))
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/zip")
+			w.Write(zipBuf)
+		default:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	targetDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "retry-skill")
+
+	reg := newTestRegistry(srv.URL, "")
+	result, err := reg.DownloadAndInstall(context.Background(), "retry-skill", "", targetDir)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+	assert.Equal(t, "1.0.0", result.Version)
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, downloadAttempts)
+
+	skillContent, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(targetDir, "SKILL.md"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, string(skillContent), "Hello skill")
+}
+
 func TestClawHubRegistryAuthToken(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		authHeader := r.Header.Get("Authorization")

pkg/tools/shell.go

@@ -132,9 +132,14 @@ func NewExecToolWithConfig(workingDir string, restrict bool, config *config.Conf
 		denyPatterns = append(denyPatterns, defaultDenyPatterns...)
 	}
 
+	timeout := 60 * time.Second
+	if config != nil && config.Tools.Exec.TimeoutSeconds > 0 {
+		timeout = time.Duration(config.Tools.Exec.TimeoutSeconds) * time.Second
+	}
+
 	return &ExecTool{
 		workingDir:          workingDir,
-		timeout:             60 * time.Second,
+		timeout:             timeout,
 		denyPatterns:        denyPatterns,
 		allowPatterns:       nil,
 		customAllowPatterns: customAllowPatterns,

pkg/tools/web.go

@@ -395,6 +395,68 @@ func (p *PerplexitySearchProvider) Search(ctx context.Context, query string, cou
 	return fmt.Sprintf("Results for: %s (via Perplexity)\n%s", query, searchResp.Choices[0].Message.Content), nil
 }
 
+type SearXNGSearchProvider struct {
+	baseURL string
+}
+
+func (p *SearXNGSearchProvider) Search(ctx context.Context, query string, count int) (string, error) {
+	searchURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s/search?q=%s&format=json&categories=general",
+		strings.TrimSuffix(p.baseURL, "/"),
+		url.QueryEscape(query))
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", searchURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 10 * time.Second}
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("SearXNG returned status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	var result struct {
+		Results []struct {
+			Title   string  `json:"title"`
+			URL     string  `json:"url"`
+			Content string  `json:"content"`
+			Engine  string  `json:"engine"`
+			Score   float64 `json:"score"`
+		} `json:"results"`
+	}
+
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&result); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Results) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("No results for: %s", query), nil
+	}
+
+	// Limit results to requested count
+	if len(result.Results) > count {
+		result.Results = result.Results[:count]
+	}
+
+	// Format results in standard PicoClaw format
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Results for: %s (via SearXNG)\n", query))
+	for i, r := range result.Results {
+		b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%d. %s\n", i+1, r.Title))
+		b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("   %s\n", r.URL))
+		if r.Content != "" {
+			b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("   %s\n", r.Content))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return b.String(), nil
+}
+
 type GLMSearchProvider struct {
 	apiKey       string
 	baseURL      string
@@ -495,6 +557,9 @@ type WebSearchToolOptions struct {
 	PerplexityAPIKey     string
 	PerplexityMaxResults int
 	PerplexityEnabled    bool
+	SearXNGBaseURL       string
+	SearXNGMaxResults    int
+	SearXNGEnabled       bool
 	GLMSearchAPIKey      string
 	GLMSearchBaseURL     string
 	GLMSearchEngine      string
@@ -507,7 +572,7 @@ func NewWebSearchTool(opts WebSearchToolOptions) (*WebSearchTool, error) {
 	var provider SearchProvider
 	maxResults := 5
 
-	// Priority: Perplexity > Brave > Tavily > DuckDuckGo > GLM Search
+	// Priority: Perplexity > Brave > SearXNG > Tavily > DuckDuckGo > GLM Search
 	if opts.PerplexityEnabled && opts.PerplexityAPIKey != "" {
 		client, err := createHTTPClient(opts.Proxy, perplexityTimeout)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -526,6 +591,11 @@ func NewWebSearchTool(opts WebSearchToolOptions) (*WebSearchTool, error) {
 		if opts.BraveMaxResults > 0 {
 			maxResults = opts.BraveMaxResults
 		}
+	} else if opts.SearXNGEnabled && opts.SearXNGBaseURL != "" {
+		provider = &SearXNGSearchProvider{baseURL: opts.SearXNGBaseURL}
+		if opts.SearXNGMaxResults > 0 {
+			maxResults = opts.SearXNGMaxResults
+		}
 	} else if opts.TavilyEnabled && opts.TavilyAPIKey != "" {
 		client, err := createHTTPClient(opts.Proxy, searchTimeout)
 		if err != nil {