feat(web): protect launcher dashboard with token and SPA login (#1953)

Add token-based authentication for the Launcher's embedded Web Dashboard.

- Ephemeral token generated in-memory each run (or via PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN env var)
- HMAC-SHA256 session cookie (HttpOnly, SameSite=Lax, Secure when HTTPS)
- Bearer token support for API/script access
- Rate limiting on login (10 attempts/IP/min)
- Referrer-Policy: no-referrer on all responses
- POST-only logout with JSON content-type (CSRF-safe)
- System tray "Copy dashboard token" action
- Login page shows contextual help (console/tray/log file path)
- Path traversal protection via path.Clean
- X-Forwarded-Host/Port/Proto support for reverse proxy deployments
- Full i18n support (English, Chinese)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

web/backend/api/auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"crypto/subtle"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/web/backend/middleware"
+)
+
+// LauncherAuthRouteOpts configures dashboard token login handlers.
+type LauncherAuthRouteOpts struct {
+	DashboardToken string
+	SessionCookie  string
+	SecureCookie   func(*http.Request) bool
+	// TokenHelp is returned on unauthenticated /api/auth/status responses (no secrets).
+	TokenHelp LauncherAuthTokenHelp
+}
+
+// LauncherAuthTokenHelp tells the login UI where users can find the dashboard token.
+type LauncherAuthTokenHelp struct {
+	EnvVarName    string `json:"env_var_name"`
+	LogFileAbs    string `json:"log_file,omitempty"`
+	TrayCopyMenu  bool   `json:"tray_copy_menu"`
+	ConsoleStdout bool   `json:"console_stdout"`
+}
+
+type launcherAuthLoginBody struct {
+	Token string `json:"token"`
+}
+
+type launcherAuthStatusResponse struct {
+	Authenticated bool                   `json:"authenticated"`
+	TokenHelp     *LauncherAuthTokenHelp `json:"token_help,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// RegisterLauncherAuthRoutes registers /api/auth/login|logout|status.
+func RegisterLauncherAuthRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux, opts LauncherAuthRouteOpts) {
+	secure := opts.SecureCookie
+	if secure == nil {
+		secure = middleware.DefaultLauncherDashboardSecureCookie
+	}
+	h := &launcherAuthHandlers{
+		token:         opts.DashboardToken,
+		sessionCookie: opts.SessionCookie,
+		secureCookie:  secure,
+		tokenHelp:     opts.TokenHelp,
+		loginLimit:    newLoginRateLimiter(),
+	}
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/auth/login", h.handleLogin)
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/auth/logout", h.handleLogout)
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/auth/status", h.handleStatus)
+}
+
+type launcherAuthHandlers struct {
+	token         string
+	sessionCookie string
+	secureCookie  func(*http.Request) bool
+	tokenHelp     LauncherAuthTokenHelp
+	loginLimit    *loginRateLimiter
+}
+
+func (h *launcherAuthHandlers) handleLogin(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	var body launcherAuthLoginBody
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(http.MaxBytesReader(w, r.Body, 1<<20)).Decode(&body); err != nil {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"error":"invalid JSON"}`))
+		return
+	}
+	ip := clientIPForLimiter(r)
+	if !h.loginLimit.allow(ip) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusTooManyRequests)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"error":"too many login attempts"}`))
+		return
+	}
+	in := strings.TrimSpace(body.Token)
+	if len(in) != len(h.token) || subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(in), []byte(h.token)) != 1 {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"error":"invalid token"}`))
+		return
+	}
+
+	middleware.SetLauncherDashboardSessionCookie(w, r, h.sessionCookie, h.secureCookie)
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"status":"ok"}`))
+}
+
+func (h *launcherAuthHandlers) handleLogout(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"error":"method not allowed"}`))
+		return
+	}
+	ct := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(r.Header.Get("Content-Type")))
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(ct, "application/json") {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnsupportedMediaType)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"error":"Content-Type must be application/json"}`))
+		return
+	}
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(http.MaxBytesReader(w, r.Body, logoutBodyMaxBytes))
+	if err := dec.Decode(&struct{}{}); err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"error":"invalid JSON body"}`))
+		return
+	}
+	if err := dec.Decode(&struct{}{}); err != io.EOF {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"error":"invalid JSON body"}`))
+		return
+	}
+
+	middleware.ClearLauncherDashboardSessionCookie(w, r, h.secureCookie)
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"status":"ok"}`))
+}
+
+func (h *launcherAuthHandlers) handleStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	ok := false
+	if c, err := r.Cookie(middleware.LauncherDashboardCookieName); err == nil {
+		ok = subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(c.Value), []byte(h.sessionCookie)) == 1
+	}
+	if ok {
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"authenticated":true}`))
+		return
+	}
+	resp := launcherAuthStatusResponse{
+		Authenticated: false,
+		TokenHelp:     &h.tokenHelp,
+	}
+	enc, err := json.Marshal(resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"error":"internal error"}`))
+		return
+	}
+	_, _ = w.Write(enc)
+}

web/backend/api/auth_login_limiter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	loginAttemptsPerIP = 10
+	loginAttemptWindow = time.Minute
+	logoutBodyMaxBytes = 4096
+)
+
+// loginRateLimiter limits POST /api/auth/login attempts per IP per minute.
+type loginRateLimiter struct {
+	mu   sync.Mutex
+	now  func() time.Time
+	byIP map[string][]time.Time
+}
+
+func newLoginRateLimiter() *loginRateLimiter {
+	return &loginRateLimiter{
+		now:  time.Now,
+		byIP: make(map[string][]time.Time),
+	}
+}
+
+// allow reserves a slot for this request; false means rate limit exceeded.
+func (l *loginRateLimiter) allow(ip string) bool {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+	now := l.now()
+	cutoff := now.Add(-loginAttemptWindow)
+	times := l.byIP[ip]
+	var kept []time.Time
+	for _, ts := range times {
+		if ts.After(cutoff) {
+			kept = append(kept, ts)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(kept) >= loginAttemptsPerIP {
+		l.byIP[ip] = kept
+		return false
+	}
+	kept = append(kept, now)
+	l.byIP[ip] = kept
+	return true
+}
+
+func clientIPForLimiter(r *http.Request) string {
+	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return strings.TrimSpace(r.RemoteAddr)
+	}
+	return host
+}

web/backend/api/auth_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/web/backend/middleware"
+)
+
+func TestLauncherAuthLoginAndStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	key := make([]byte, 32)
+	for i := range key {
+		key[i] = 0x55
+	}
+	const tok = "dashboard-test-token-9"
+	sess := middleware.SessionCookieValue(key, tok)
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	RegisterLauncherAuthRoutes(mux, LauncherAuthRouteOpts{
+		DashboardToken: tok,
+		SessionCookie:  sess,
+		TokenHelp: LauncherAuthTokenHelp{
+			EnvVarName:    "PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN",
+			LogFileAbs:    "/tmp/launcher.log",
+			TrayCopyMenu:  true,
+			ConsoleStdout: false,
+		},
+	})
+
+	t.Run("status_unauthenticated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		mux.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/auth/status", nil))
+		if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("status code = %d", rec.Code)
+		}
+		var body struct {
+			Authenticated bool                   `json:"authenticated"`
+			TokenHelp     *LauncherAuthTokenHelp `json:"token_help"`
+		}
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(rec.Body).Decode(&body); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if body.Authenticated || body.TokenHelp == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected body: %+v", body)
+		}
+		if body.TokenHelp.EnvVarName != "PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN" || body.TokenHelp.LogFileAbs != "/tmp/launcher.log" {
+			t.Fatalf("token_help = %+v", body.TokenHelp)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("login_ok", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/auth/login", strings.NewReader(`{"token":"`+tok+`"}`))
+		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		req.RemoteAddr = "127.0.0.1:12345"
+		mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+		if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("login code = %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+		}
+		cookies := rec.Result().Cookies()
+		if len(cookies) != 1 || cookies[0].Name != middleware.LauncherDashboardCookieName {
+			t.Fatalf("cookies = %#v", cookies)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("status_authenticated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/auth/status", nil)
+		req.AddCookie(&http.Cookie{Name: middleware.LauncherDashboardCookieName, Value: sess})
+		mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+		if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("status code = %d", rec.Code)
+		}
+		if !bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`"authenticated":true`)) {
+			t.Fatalf("body = %s", rec.Body.String())
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), "token_help") {
+			t.Fatalf("authenticated response should omit token_help: %s", rec.Body.String())
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestLauncherAuthLogoutRequiresPostAndJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	key := make([]byte, 32)
+	sess := middleware.SessionCookieValue(key, "tok")
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	RegisterLauncherAuthRoutes(mux, LauncherAuthRouteOpts{
+		DashboardToken: "tok",
+		SessionCookie:  sess,
+		TokenHelp:      LauncherAuthTokenHelp{EnvVarName: "PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN"},
+	})
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/auth/logout", nil))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusMethodNotAllowed && rec.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("GET logout: code = %d (expected 404 or 405)", rec.Code)
+	}
+
+	rec2 := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req2 := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/auth/logout", nil)
+	req2.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec2, req2)
+	if rec2.Code != http.StatusUnsupportedMediaType {
+		t.Fatalf("wrong content-type: code = %d body=%s", rec2.Code, rec2.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	rec3 := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req3 := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/auth/logout", strings.NewReader(`{}`))
+	req3.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec3, req3)
+	if rec3.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("POST json logout: code = %d", rec3.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLauncherAuthLoginRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	key := make([]byte, 32)
+	const tok = "rate-limit-tok-xxxxxxxx"
+	sess := middleware.SessionCookieValue(key, tok)
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	RegisterLauncherAuthRoutes(mux, LauncherAuthRouteOpts{
+		DashboardToken: tok,
+		SessionCookie:  sess,
+		TokenHelp:      LauncherAuthTokenHelp{EnvVarName: "X"},
+	})
+
+	// 11 failing logins by wrong token; each consumes allow() slot after valid JSON.
+	wrongBody := `{"token":"wrong"}`
+	for i := 0; i < loginAttemptsPerIP; i++ {
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/auth/login", strings.NewReader(wrongBody))
+		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		req.RemoteAddr = "192.168.5.5:9999"
+		mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+		if rec.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+			t.Fatalf("iter %d: want 401 got %d %s", i, rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+		}
+	}
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/auth/login", strings.NewReader(wrongBody))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.RemoteAddr = "192.168.5.5:9999"
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+		t.Fatalf("11th attempt: want 429 got %d %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoginRateLimiterWindow(t *testing.T) {
+	l := newLoginRateLimiter()
+	t0 := time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	l.now = func() time.Time { return t0 }
+	for i := 0; i < loginAttemptsPerIP; i++ {
+		if !l.allow("ip") {
+			t.Fatalf("want allow at %d", i)
+		}
+	}
+	if l.allow("ip") {
+		t.Fatal("want deny on 11th")
+	}
+	l.now = func() time.Time { return t0.Add(loginAttemptWindow + time.Second) }
+	if !l.allow("ip") {
+		t.Fatal("want allow after window")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReferrerPolicyMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+	})
+	h := middleware.ReferrerPolicyNoReferrer(next)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil))
+	if got := rec.Header().Get("Referrer-Policy"); got != "no-referrer" {
+		t.Fatalf("Referrer-Policy = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLauncherAuthLogoutEmptyBody(t *testing.T) {
+	key := make([]byte, 32)
+	sess := middleware.SessionCookieValue(key, "tok")
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	RegisterLauncherAuthRoutes(mux, LauncherAuthRouteOpts{
+		DashboardToken: "tok",
+		SessionCookie:  sess,
+		TokenHelp:      LauncherAuthTokenHelp{EnvVarName: "X"},
+	})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/auth/logout", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Body = http.NoBody
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("code = %d", rec.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLauncherAuthLogoutRejectsTrailingJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	key := make([]byte, 32)
+	sess := middleware.SessionCookieValue(key, "tok")
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	RegisterLauncherAuthRoutes(mux, LauncherAuthRouteOpts{
+		DashboardToken: "tok",
+		SessionCookie:  sess,
+		TokenHelp:      LauncherAuthTokenHelp{EnvVarName: "X"},
+	})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/auth/logout", strings.NewReader(`{}{}`))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("want 400 got %d %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}

web/backend/api/gateway_host.go

@@ -93,16 +93,120 @@ func requestWSScheme(r *http.Request) string {
 	return "ws"
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) buildWsURL(r *http.Request, cfg *config.Config) string {
-	host := h.effectiveGatewayBindHost(cfg)
-	if host == "" || host == "0.0.0.0" {
-		host = requestHostName(r)
+// requestHTTPScheme returns http or https for URLs that are not WebSockets (e.g. SSE).
+func requestHTTPScheme(r *http.Request) string {
+	if forwarded := strings.TrimSpace(r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto")); forwarded != "" {
+		proto := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(strings.Split(forwarded, ",")[0]))
+		if proto == "https" || proto == "wss" {
+			return "https"
+		}
+		if proto == "http" || proto == "ws" {
+			return "http"
+		}
 	}
-	// Use web server port instead of gateway port to avoid exposing extra ports
-	// The WebSocket connection will be proxied by the backend to the gateway
+	if r.TLS != nil {
+		return "https"
+	}
+	return "http"
+}
+
+// forwardedHostFirst returns the client-visible host from reverse-proxy / tunnel headers
+// (e.g. VS Code port forwarding, nginx). Empty if unset.
+func forwardedHostFirst(r *http.Request) string {
+	raw := strings.TrimSpace(r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Host"))
+	if raw == "" {
+		raw = forwardedRFC7239Host(r)
+	}
+	if raw == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if i := strings.IndexByte(raw, ','); i >= 0 {
+		raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw[:i])
+	}
+	return raw
+}
+
+// forwardedRFC7239Host parses host= from the first Forwarded header element (RFC 7239).
+func forwardedRFC7239Host(r *http.Request) string {
+	v := strings.TrimSpace(r.Header.Get("Forwarded"))
+	if v == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	first := strings.TrimSpace(strings.Split(v, ",")[0])
+	for _, part := range strings.Split(first, ";") {
+		part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+		low := strings.ToLower(part)
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(low, "host=") {
+			continue
+		}
+		val := strings.TrimSpace(part[strings.IndexByte(part, '=')+1:])
+		if len(val) >= 2 && val[0] == '"' && val[len(val)-1] == '"' {
+			val = val[1 : len(val)-1]
+		}
+		return val
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// forwardedPortFirst returns the first X-Forwarded-Port value, or empty.
+func forwardedPortFirst(r *http.Request) string {
+	raw := strings.TrimSpace(r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Port"))
+	if raw == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if i := strings.IndexByte(raw, ','); i >= 0 {
+		raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw[:i])
+	}
+	return raw
+}
+
+// clientVisiblePort picks the TCP port the browser uses to reach this app (after proxies).
+// Used by picoWebUIAddr → buildWsURL / buildPicoEventsURL / buildPicoSendURL so WebSocket and
+// HTTP URLs match the dashboard page origin (cookies / token flow behind tunnels and reverse proxies).
+func clientVisiblePort(r *http.Request, serverListenPort int) string {
+	if p := forwardedPortFirst(r); p != "" {
+		return p
+	}
+	if _, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.Host); err == nil && port != "" {
+		return port
+	}
+	if requestHTTPScheme(r) == "https" {
+		return "443"
+	}
+	return strconv.Itoa(serverListenPort)
+}
+
+// joinClientVisibleHostPort builds host:port for absolute URLs returned to the browser.
+func joinClientVisibleHostPort(r *http.Request, host string, serverListenPort int) string {
+	if h, p, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
+		return net.JoinHostPort(h, p)
+	}
+	return net.JoinHostPort(host, clientVisiblePort(r, serverListenPort))
+}
+
+// picoWebUIAddr is host:port for URLs returned to the browser (/pico/ws, /pico/events, /pico/send).
+// It must match the HTTP Host the client used (or X-Forwarded-*), not cfg.Gateway.Host — otherwise
+// e.g. page on localhost with ws_url 127.0.0.1 omits cookies and the dashboard auth handshake fails.
+func (h *Handler) picoWebUIAddr(r *http.Request) string {
 	wsPort := h.serverPort
 	if wsPort == 0 {
 		wsPort = 18800 // default web server port
 	}
-	return requestWSScheme(r) + "://" + net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(wsPort)) + "/pico/ws"
+	if fwdHost := forwardedHostFirst(r); fwdHost != "" {
+		return joinClientVisibleHostPort(r, fwdHost, wsPort)
+	}
+	host := requestHostName(r)
+	return net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(wsPort))
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) buildWsURL(r *http.Request) string {
+	return requestWSScheme(r) + "://" + h.picoWebUIAddr(r) + "/pico/ws"
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) buildPicoEventsURL(r *http.Request) string {
+	return requestHTTPScheme(r) + "://" + h.picoWebUIAddr(r) + "/pico/events"
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) buildPicoSendURL(r *http.Request) string {
+	return requestHTTPScheme(r) + "://" + h.picoWebUIAddr(r) + "/pico/send"
 }

web/backend/api/gateway_host_test.go

@@ -51,9 +51,16 @@ func TestBuildWsURLUsesRequestHostWhenLauncherPublicSaved(t *testing.T) {
 	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "http://launcher.local/api/pico/token", nil)
 	req.Host = "192.168.1.9:18800"
 
-	if got := h.buildWsURL(req, cfg); got != "ws://192.168.1.9:18800/pico/ws" {
+	if got := h.buildWsURL(req); got != "ws://192.168.1.9:18800/pico/ws" {
 		t.Fatalf("buildWsURL() = %q, want %q", got, "ws://192.168.1.9:18800/pico/ws")
 	}
+
+	if got := h.buildPicoEventsURL(req); got != "http://192.168.1.9:18800/pico/events" {
+		t.Fatalf("buildPicoEventsURL() = %q, want %q", got, "http://192.168.1.9:18800/pico/events")
+	}
+	if got := h.buildPicoSendURL(req); got != "http://192.168.1.9:18800/pico/send" {
+		t.Fatalf("buildPicoSendURL() = %q, want %q", got, "http://192.168.1.9:18800/pico/send")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestGatewayProbeHostUsesLoopbackForWildcardBind(t *testing.T) {
@@ -147,7 +154,7 @@ func TestBuildWsURLUsesWSSWhenForwardedProtoIsHTTPS(t *testing.T) {
 	req.Host = "chat.example.com"
 	req.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-Proto", "https")
 
-	if got := h.buildWsURL(req, cfg); got != "wss://chat.example.com:18800/pico/ws" {
+	if got := h.buildWsURL(req); got != "wss://chat.example.com:18800/pico/ws" {
 		t.Fatalf("buildWsURL() = %q, want %q", got, "wss://chat.example.com:18800/pico/ws")
 	}
 }
@@ -164,11 +171,45 @@ func TestBuildWsURLUsesWSSWhenRequestIsTLS(t *testing.T) {
 	req.Host = "secure.example.com"
 	req.TLS = &tls.ConnectionState{}
 
-	if got := h.buildWsURL(req, cfg); got != "wss://secure.example.com:18800/pico/ws" {
+	if got := h.buildWsURL(req); got != "wss://secure.example.com:18800/pico/ws" {
 		t.Fatalf("buildWsURL() = %q, want %q", got, "wss://secure.example.com:18800/pico/ws")
 	}
 }
 
+func TestBuildPicoURLsPreferXForwardedHost(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	launcherPath := launcherconfig.PathForAppConfig(configPath)
+	if err := launcherconfig.Save(launcherPath, launcherconfig.Config{
+		Port:   18800,
+		Public: true,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("launcherconfig.Save() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	h.SetServerOptions(18800, false, false, nil)
+
+	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Gateway.Host = "0.0.0.0"
+	cfg.Gateway.Port = 18790
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "http://127.0.0.1:18800/api/pico/token", nil)
+	req.Host = "127.0.0.1:18800"
+	req.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-Host", "vscode-tunnel.example.com")
+	req.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-Proto", "https")
+	req.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-Port", "443")
+
+	if got := h.buildPicoEventsURL(req); got != "https://vscode-tunnel.example.com:443/pico/events" {
+		t.Fatalf("buildPicoEventsURL() = %q, want %q", got, "https://vscode-tunnel.example.com:443/pico/events")
+	}
+	if got := h.buildPicoSendURL(req); got != "https://vscode-tunnel.example.com:443/pico/send" {
+		t.Fatalf("buildPicoSendURL() = %q, want %q", got, "https://vscode-tunnel.example.com:443/pico/send")
+	}
+	if got := h.buildWsURL(req); got != "wss://vscode-tunnel.example.com:443/pico/ws" {
+		t.Fatalf("buildWsURL() = %q, want %q", got, "wss://vscode-tunnel.example.com:443/pico/ws")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestBuildWsURLPrefersForwardedHTTPOverTLS(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	h := NewHandler(configPath)
@@ -182,7 +223,20 @@ func TestBuildWsURLPrefersForwardedHTTPOverTLS(t *testing.T) {
 	req.TLS = &tls.ConnectionState{}
 	req.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-Proto", "http")
 
-	if got := h.buildWsURL(req, cfg); got != "ws://chat.example.com:18800/pico/ws" {
+	if got := h.buildWsURL(req); got != "ws://chat.example.com:18800/pico/ws" {
 		t.Fatalf("buildWsURL() = %q, want %q", got, "ws://chat.example.com:18800/pico/ws")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestBuildWsURLUsesRequestHostNotGatewayBindLoopback(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	h.SetServerOptions(18800, false, false, nil)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:18800/api/pico/token", nil)
+	req.Host = "localhost:18800"
+
+	if got := h.buildWsURL(req); got != "ws://localhost:18800/pico/ws" {
+		t.Fatalf("buildWsURL() = %q, want %q", got, "ws://localhost:18800/pico/ws")
+	}
+}

web/backend/api/pico.go

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleGetPicoToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	wsURL := h.buildWsURL(r, cfg)
+	wsURL := h.buildWsURL(r)
 
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRegenPicoToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	wsURL := h.buildWsURL(r, cfg)
+	wsURL := h.buildWsURL(r)
 
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handlePicoSetup(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	wsURL := h.buildWsURL(r, cfg)
+	wsURL := h.buildWsURL(r)
 
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{

web/backend/app_runtime.go

@@ -55,8 +55,12 @@ func shutdownApp() {
 }
 
 func openBrowser() error {
-	if serverAddr == "" {
+	target := browserLaunchURL
+	if target == "" {
+		target = serverAddr
+	}
+	if target == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("server address not set")
 	}
-	return utils.OpenBrowser(serverAddr)
+	return utils.OpenBrowser(target)
 }

web/backend/i18n.go

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ const (
 	AppTooltip         TranslationKey = "AppTooltip"
 	MenuOpen           TranslationKey = "MenuOpen"
 	MenuOpenTooltip    TranslationKey = "MenuOpenTooltip"
+	MenuCopyToken      TranslationKey = "MenuCopyToken"
+	MenuCopyTokenHint  TranslationKey = "MenuCopyTokenHint"
 	MenuAbout          TranslationKey = "MenuAbout"
 	MenuAboutTooltip   TranslationKey = "MenuAboutTooltip"
 	MenuVersion        TranslationKey = "MenuVersion"
@@ -47,6 +49,8 @@ var translations = map[Language]map[TranslationKey]string{
 		AppTooltip:         "%s - Web Console",
 		MenuOpen:           "Open Console",
 		MenuOpenTooltip:    "Open PicoClaw console in browser",
+		MenuCopyToken:      "Copy dashboard token",
+		MenuCopyTokenHint:  "Copy the current web console access token to the clipboard",
 		MenuAbout:          "About",
 		MenuAboutTooltip:   "About PicoClaw",
 		MenuVersion:        "Version: %s",
@@ -64,6 +68,8 @@ var translations = map[Language]map[TranslationKey]string{
 		AppTooltip:         "%s - Web Console",
 		MenuOpen:           "打开控制台",
 		MenuOpenTooltip:    "在浏览器中打开 PicoClaw 控制台",
+		MenuCopyToken:      "复制控制台口令",
+		MenuCopyTokenHint:  "将当前 Web 控制台访问口令复制到剪贴板",
 		MenuAbout:          "关于",
 		MenuAboutTooltip:   "关于 PicoClaw",
 		MenuVersion:        "版本: %s",

web/backend/launcherconfig/config.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package launcherconfig
 
 import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
@@ -14,6 +16,11 @@ const (
 	FileName = "launcher-config.json"
 	// DefaultPort is the default port for the web launcher.
 	DefaultPort = 18800
+
+	// dashboardSigningKeyBytes is the HMAC-SHA256 key size (256 bits).
+	dashboardSigningKeyBytes = 32
+	// dashboardTokenEntropyBytes is CSPRNG length before base64 for the per-run dashboard token (256 bits).
+	dashboardTokenEntropyBytes = 32
 )
 
 // Config stores launch parameters for the web backend service.
@@ -41,6 +48,34 @@ func Validate(cfg Config) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// EnsureDashboardSecrets returns signing key bytes and the effective dashboard token for this
+// process. The signing key is freshly random each call; the token comes from the environment
+// variable PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN when set, otherwise a new random token.
+func EnsureDashboardSecrets() (effectiveToken string, signingKey []byte, newRandomDashboardToken bool, err error) {
+	signingKey = make([]byte, dashboardSigningKeyBytes)
+	if _, err = rand.Read(signingKey); err != nil {
+		return "", nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	effectiveToken = strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN"))
+	if effectiveToken != "" {
+		return effectiveToken, signingKey, false, nil
+	}
+	tok, genErr := randomDashboardToken()
+	if genErr != nil {
+		return "", nil, false, genErr
+	}
+	return tok, signingKey, true, nil
+}
+
+func randomDashboardToken() (string, error) {
+	buf := make([]byte, dashboardTokenEntropyBytes)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(buf); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(buf), nil
+}
+
 // NormalizeCIDRs trims entries, removes empty values, and deduplicates CIDRs.
 func NormalizeCIDRs(cidrs []string) []string {
 	if len(cidrs) == 0 {

web/backend/launcherconfig/config_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/web/backend/middleware"
 )
 
 func TestLoadReturnsFallbackWhenMissing(t *testing.T) {
@@ -75,6 +77,51 @@ func TestValidateRejectsInvalidCIDR(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestEnsureDashboardSecrets_GeneratesEphemeral(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN", "")
+
+	tok, key, newTok, err := EnsureDashboardSecrets()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsureDashboardSecrets() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if !newTok || tok == "" || len(key) != dashboardSigningKeyBytes {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected first call: newTok=%v tok=%q keyLen=%d", newTok, tok, len(key))
+	}
+	mac := middleware.SessionCookieValue(key, tok)
+	if mac == "" {
+		t.Fatal("empty session mac")
+	}
+
+	tok2, key2, newTok2, err := EnsureDashboardSecrets()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsureDashboardSecrets() second error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if !newTok2 {
+		t.Fatal("second call without env should generate another random token")
+	}
+	if tok2 == tok {
+		t.Fatal("expected a new random dashboard token")
+	}
+	if string(key2) == string(key) {
+		t.Fatal("expected a new signing key")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnsureDashboardSecrets_EnvOverridesGenerated(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN", "env-only-token-override")
+
+	tok, _, newTok, err := EnsureDashboardSecrets()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsureDashboardSecrets() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if tok != "env-only-token-override" {
+		t.Fatalf("token = %q, want env value", tok)
+	}
+	if newTok {
+		t.Fatal("newRandomDashboardToken should be false when env is set")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestNormalizeCIDRs(t *testing.T) {
 	got := NormalizeCIDRs([]string{" 192.168.1.0/24 ", "", "10.0.0.0/8", "192.168.1.0/24"})
 	want := []string{"192.168.1.0/24", "10.0.0.0/8"}

web/backend/main.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -44,7 +45,12 @@ var (
 
 	server     *http.Server
 	serverAddr string
-	apiHandler *api.Handler
+	// browserLaunchURL is opened by openBrowser() (auto-open + tray "open console").
+	// Includes ?token= for same-machine dashboard login; keep serverAddr without secrets for other use.
+	browserLaunchURL string
+	apiHandler       *api.Handler
+	// launcherDashboardTokenForClipboard is read by the system tray "copy token" action (GUI mode).
+	launcherDashboardTokenForClipboard string
 
 	noBrowser *bool
 )
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@ func main() {
 	console := flag.Bool("console", false, "Console mode, no GUI")
 
 	flag.Usage = func() {
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "PicoClaw Launcher - A web-based configuration editor\n\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s Launcher - A web-based configuration editor\n\n", appName)
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Usage: %s [options] [config.json]\n\n", os.Args[0])
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Arguments:\n")
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  config.json    Path to the configuration file (default: ~/.picoclaw/config.json)\n\n")
@@ -98,8 +104,8 @@ func main() {
 		defer logger.DisableFileLogging()
 	}
 
-	logger.InfoC("web", fmt.Sprintf("%s Launcher %s starting...", appName, appVersion))
-	logger.InfoC("web", fmt.Sprintf("PicoClaw Home: %s", picoHome))
+	logger.InfoC("web", fmt.Sprintf("%s launcher starting (version %s)...", appName, appVersion))
+	logger.InfoC("web", fmt.Sprintf("%s Home: %s", appName, picoHome))
 
 	// Set language from command line or auto-detect
 	if *lang != "" {
@@ -118,7 +124,7 @@ func main() {
 	}
 	err = utils.EnsureOnboarded(absPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		logger.Errorf("Warning: Failed to initialize PicoClaw config automatically: %v", err)
+		logger.Errorf("Warning: Failed to initialize %s config automatically: %v", appName, err)
 	}
 
 	var explicitPort bool
@@ -156,6 +162,13 @@ func main() {
 		logger.Fatalf("Invalid port %q: %v", effectivePort, err)
 	}
 
+	dashboardToken, dashboardSigningKey, newDashTok, dashErr := launcherconfig.EnsureDashboardSecrets()
+	if dashErr != nil {
+		logger.Fatalf("Dashboard auth setup failed: %v", dashErr)
+	}
+	dashboardSessionCookie := middleware.SessionCookieValue(dashboardSigningKey, dashboardToken)
+	launcherDashboardTokenForClipboard = dashboardToken
+
 	// Determine listen address
 	var addr string
 	if effectivePublic {
@@ -167,6 +180,21 @@ func main() {
 	// Initialize Server components
 	mux := http.NewServeMux()
 
+	tokenLogFileAbs := ""
+	if !enableConsole {
+		tokenLogFileAbs = filepath.Join(picoHome, logPath, logFile)
+	}
+	api.RegisterLauncherAuthRoutes(mux, api.LauncherAuthRouteOpts{
+		DashboardToken: dashboardToken,
+		SessionCookie:  dashboardSessionCookie,
+		TokenHelp: api.LauncherAuthTokenHelp{
+			EnvVarName:    "PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN",
+			LogFileAbs:    tokenLogFileAbs,
+			TrayCopyMenu:  trayOffersDashboardTokenCopy(),
+			ConsoleStdout: enableConsole,
+		},
+	})
+
 	// API Routes (e.g. /api/status)
 	apiHandler = api.NewHandler(absPath)
 	if _, err = apiHandler.EnsurePicoChannel(""); err != nil {
@@ -183,14 +211,21 @@ func main() {
 		logger.Fatalf("Invalid allowed CIDR configuration: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	dashAuth := middleware.LauncherDashboardAuth(middleware.LauncherDashboardAuthConfig{
+		ExpectedCookie: dashboardSessionCookie,
+		Token:          dashboardToken,
+	}, accessControlledMux)
+
 	// Apply middleware stack
 	handler := middleware.Recoverer(
 		middleware.Logger(
-			middleware.JSONContentType(accessControlledMux),
+			middleware.ReferrerPolicyNoReferrer(
+				middleware.JSONContentType(dashAuth),
+			),
 		),
 	)
 
-	// Print startup banner (only in console mode)
+	// Print startup banner and token (console mode only).
 	if enableConsole {
 		fmt.Print(utils.Banner)
 		fmt.Println()
@@ -203,6 +238,19 @@ func main() {
 			}
 		}
 		fmt.Println()
+		if newDashTok {
+			fmt.Printf("  Dashboard token (this run): %s\n", dashboardToken)
+		} else if os.Getenv("PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN") != "" {
+			fmt.Printf("  Dashboard token: %s (from PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN)\n", dashboardToken)
+		}
+		fmt.Println()
+	}
+
+	if os.Getenv("PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN") != "" {
+		logger.InfoC("web", "Dashboard token: environment PICOCLAW_LAUNCHER_TOKEN")
+	}
+	if !enableConsole && newDashTok {
+		logger.InfoC("web", "Dashboard token (this run): "+dashboardToken)
 	}
 
 	// Log startup info to file
@@ -215,6 +263,11 @@ func main() {
 
 	// Share the local URL with the launcher runtime.
 	serverAddr = fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%s", effectivePort)
+	if dashboardToken != "" {
+		browserLaunchURL = serverAddr + "?token=" + url.QueryEscape(dashboardToken)
+	} else {
+		browserLaunchURL = serverAddr
+	}
 
 	// Auto-open browser will be handled by the launcher runtime.
 

web/backend/middleware/launcher_dashboard_auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"crypto/hmac"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"crypto/subtle"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"net/http"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// LauncherDashboardCookieName is the HttpOnly cookie set after a successful token login.
+const LauncherDashboardCookieName = "picoclaw_launcher_auth"
+
+// launcherDashboardSessionMaxAgeSec is the session cookie lifetime (7 days).
+const launcherDashboardSessionMaxAgeSec = 7 * 24 * 3600
+
+const launcherSessionMACLabel = "picoclaw-launcher-v1"
+
+// SessionCookieValue is the expected cookie value for the given signing key and dashboard token.
+func SessionCookieValue(signingKey []byte, dashboardToken string) string {
+	mac := hmac.New(sha256.New, signingKey)
+	_, _ = mac.Write([]byte(launcherSessionMACLabel))
+	_, _ = mac.Write([]byte{0})
+	_, _ = mac.Write([]byte(dashboardToken))
+	return hex.EncodeToString(mac.Sum(nil))
+}
+
+// LauncherDashboardAuthConfig holds runtime material for dashboard access checks.
+type LauncherDashboardAuthConfig struct {
+	ExpectedCookie string
+	Token          string
+	// SecureCookie sets the session cookie's Secure flag. If nil, DefaultLauncherDashboardSecureCookie is used.
+	SecureCookie func(*http.Request) bool
+}
+
+// DefaultLauncherDashboardSecureCookie mirrors typical production HTTPS detection (TLS or X-Forwarded-Proto).
+func DefaultLauncherDashboardSecureCookie(r *http.Request) bool {
+	if r.TLS != nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	return strings.EqualFold(r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto"), "https")
+}
+
+// SetLauncherDashboardSessionCookie writes the HttpOnly session cookie after successful dashboard token login.
+func SetLauncherDashboardSessionCookie(
+	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
+	sessionValue string,
+	secure func(*http.Request) bool,
+) {
+	if secure == nil {
+		secure = DefaultLauncherDashboardSecureCookie
+	}
+	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
+		Name:     LauncherDashboardCookieName,
+		Value:    sessionValue,
+		Path:     "/",
+		MaxAge:   launcherDashboardSessionMaxAgeSec,
+		HttpOnly: true,
+		SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode,
+		Secure:   secure(r),
+	})
+}
+
+// ClearLauncherDashboardSessionCookie clears the dashboard session (e.g. logout).
+func ClearLauncherDashboardSessionCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, secure func(*http.Request) bool) {
+	if secure == nil {
+		secure = DefaultLauncherDashboardSecureCookie
+	}
+	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
+		Name:     LauncherDashboardCookieName,
+		Value:    "",
+		Path:     "/",
+		MaxAge:   -1,
+		HttpOnly: true,
+		SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode,
+		Secure:   secure(r),
+		Expires:  time.Unix(0, 0),
+	})
+}
+
+// LauncherDashboardAuth requires a valid session cookie or Authorization: Bearer <token>
+// before calling next. Public paths are login page and /api/auth/* handlers.
+func LauncherDashboardAuth(cfg LauncherDashboardAuthConfig, next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		p := canonicalAuthPath(r.URL.Path)
+		if handled := tryLauncherQueryTokenLogin(w, r, p, cfg); handled {
+			return
+		}
+		if isPublicLauncherDashboardPath(r.Method, p) {
+			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		if validLauncherDashboardAuth(r, cfg) {
+			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		rejectLauncherDashboardAuth(w, r, p)
+	})
+}
+
+// canonicalAuthPath matches path cleaning used for routing decisions so
+// prefixes like /assets/../ cannot bypass auth (CVE-class traversal).
+
+// tryLauncherQueryTokenLogin validates ?token= on GET only (non-/api), sets the session
+// cookie when correct, and redirects with 303 so the follow-up is a plain GET without side effects.
+// Invalid token is rejected like any other unauthenticated browser request.
+func tryLauncherQueryTokenLogin(
+	w http.ResponseWriter,
+	r *http.Request,
+	canonicalPath string,
+	cfg LauncherDashboardAuthConfig,
+) bool {
+	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
+		return false
+	}
+	if canonicalPath == "/api" || strings.HasPrefix(canonicalPath, "/api/") {
+		return false
+	}
+	qToken := strings.TrimSpace(r.URL.Query().Get("token"))
+	if qToken == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if len(qToken) != len(cfg.Token) || subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(qToken), []byte(cfg.Token)) != 1 {
+		rejectLauncherDashboardAuth(w, r, canonicalPath)
+		return true
+	}
+	SetLauncherDashboardSessionCookie(w, r, cfg.ExpectedCookie, cfg.SecureCookie)
+	http.Redirect(w, r, redirectAfterQueryTokenLogin(r, canonicalPath), http.StatusSeeOther)
+	return true
+}
+
+func redirectAfterQueryTokenLogin(r *http.Request, canonicalPath string) string {
+	if canonicalPath == "/launcher-login" {
+		return "/"
+	}
+	q := r.URL.Query()
+	q.Del("token")
+	enc := q.Encode()
+	if enc != "" {
+		return canonicalPath + "?" + enc
+	}
+	return canonicalPath
+}
+
+func canonicalAuthPath(raw string) string {
+	if raw == "" {
+		return "/"
+	}
+	c := path.Clean(raw)
+	switch c {
+	case ".", "":
+		return "/"
+	default:
+		if c[0] != '/' {
+			return "/" + c
+		}
+		return c
+	}
+}
+
+func isPublicLauncherDashboardPath(method, p string) bool {
+	if isPublicLauncherDashboardStatic(method, p) {
+		return true
+	}
+	switch p {
+	case "/api/auth/login":
+		return method == http.MethodPost
+	case "/api/auth/logout":
+		return method == http.MethodPost
+	case "/api/auth/status":
+		return method == http.MethodGet
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// isPublicLauncherDashboardStatic allows the SPA login route and embedded
+// frontend assets without a session (GET/HEAD only).
+func isPublicLauncherDashboardStatic(method, p string) bool {
+	if method != http.MethodGet && method != http.MethodHead {
+		return false
+	}
+	if p == "/launcher-login" {
+		return true
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(p, "/assets/") {
+		return true
+	}
+	switch p {
+	case "/favicon.ico", "/favicon.svg", "/favicon-96x96.png",
+		"/apple-touch-icon.png", "/site.webmanifest", "/robots.txt":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func validLauncherDashboardAuth(r *http.Request, cfg LauncherDashboardAuthConfig) bool {
+	if c, err := r.Cookie(LauncherDashboardCookieName); err == nil {
+		if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(c.Value), []byte(cfg.ExpectedCookie)) == 1 {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	auth := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
+	const prefix = "Bearer "
+	if strings.HasPrefix(auth, prefix) {
+		token := strings.TrimSpace(auth[len(prefix):])
+		if len(token) == len(cfg.Token) && subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(token), []byte(cfg.Token)) == 1 {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func rejectLauncherDashboardAuth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, canonicalPath string) {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(canonicalPath, "/api/") {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"error":"unauthorized"}`))
+		return
+	}
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/launcher-login", http.StatusFound)
+}

web/backend/middleware/launcher_dashboard_auth_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestSessionCookieValue_Deterministic(t *testing.T) {
+	key := make([]byte, 32)
+	for i := range key {
+		key[i] = byte(i)
+	}
+	a := SessionCookieValue(key, "tok-a")
+	b := SessionCookieValue(key, "tok-a")
+	if a != b || a == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("SessionCookieValue mismatch or empty: %q vs %q", a, b)
+	}
+	c := SessionCookieValue(key, "tok-b")
+	if c == a {
+		t.Fatal("SessionCookieValue should differ for different tokens")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLauncherDashboardAuth_AllowsPublicPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := LauncherDashboardAuthConfig{ExpectedCookie: "deadbeef", Token: "x"}
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusTeapot)
+	})
+	h := LauncherDashboardAuth(cfg, next)
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		method, path string
+		want         int
+	}{
+		{http.MethodGet, "/launcher-login", http.StatusTeapot},
+		{http.MethodGet, "/assets/index.js", http.StatusTeapot},
+		{http.MethodPost, "/api/auth/login", http.StatusTeapot},
+		{http.MethodGet, "/api/auth/status", http.StatusTeapot},
+		{http.MethodPost, "/api/auth/logout", http.StatusTeapot},
+		{http.MethodGet, "/api/auth/logout", http.StatusUnauthorized},
+		{http.MethodGet, "/api/config", http.StatusUnauthorized},
+	} {
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(tc.method, tc.path, nil)
+		h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+		if rec.Code != tc.want {
+			t.Fatalf("%s %s: status = %d, want %d", tc.method, tc.path, rec.Code, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLauncherDashboardAuth_URLTokenBootstrapGET(t *testing.T) {
+	const tok = "secret"
+	cfg := LauncherDashboardAuthConfig{ExpectedCookie: "deadbeef", Token: tok}
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusTeapot)
+	})
+	h := LauncherDashboardAuth(cfg, next)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/?token="+tok, nil)
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusSeeOther {
+		t.Fatalf("GET /?token=valid: status = %d, want %d", rec.Code, http.StatusSeeOther)
+	}
+	if got := rec.Header().Get("Location"); got != "/" {
+		t.Fatalf("Location = %q, want %q", got, "/")
+	}
+	if c := rec.Result().Cookies(); len(c) != 1 || c[0].Name != LauncherDashboardCookieName {
+		t.Fatalf("expected one session cookie, got %#v", c)
+	}
+
+	rec1b := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req1b := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/config?token="+tok+"&keep=1", nil)
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec1b, req1b)
+	if rec1b.Code != http.StatusSeeOther {
+		t.Fatalf("GET /config?token=valid: status = %d", rec1b.Code)
+	}
+	if got := rec1b.Header().Get("Location"); got != "/config?keep=1" {
+		t.Fatalf("Location = %q, want /config?keep=1", got)
+	}
+
+	recBad := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	reqBad := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/?token=wrong", nil)
+	h.ServeHTTP(recBad, reqBad)
+	if recBad.Code != http.StatusFound || recBad.Header().Get("Location") != "/launcher-login" {
+		t.Fatalf("GET /?token=invalid: code=%d loc=%q", recBad.Code, recBad.Header().Get("Location"))
+	}
+
+	rec2 := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req2 := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/config?token="+tok, nil)
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec2, req2)
+	if rec2.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		t.Fatalf("GET /api with token query: status = %d, want %d", rec2.Code, http.StatusUnauthorized)
+	}
+
+	rec3 := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req3 := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/?token=", nil)
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec3, req3)
+	if rec3.Code != http.StatusFound {
+		t.Fatalf("GET /?token=empty: status = %d, want redirect", rec3.Code)
+	}
+
+	recLogin := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	reqLogin := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/launcher-login?token="+tok, nil)
+	h.ServeHTTP(recLogin, reqLogin)
+	if recLogin.Code != http.StatusSeeOther || recLogin.Header().Get("Location") != "/" {
+		t.Fatalf("GET /launcher-login?token=valid: code=%d loc=%q", recLogin.Code, recLogin.Header().Get("Location"))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLauncherDashboardAuth_DotDotCannotBypass(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := LauncherDashboardAuthConfig{ExpectedCookie: "deadbeef", Token: "x"}
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(_ http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		t.Fatal("next handler should not run without auth")
+	})
+	h := LauncherDashboardAuth(cfg, next)
+
+	for _, p := range []string{
+		"/assets/../api/config",
+		"/launcher-login/../api/config",
+		"/./api/config",
+	} {
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, p, nil)
+		h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+		if rec.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+			t.Fatalf("%q: status = %d, want %d", p, rec.Code, http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLauncherDashboardAuth_CookieAndBearer(t *testing.T) {
+	key := make([]byte, 32)
+	for i := range key {
+		key[i] = 0xab
+	}
+	token := "dashboard-secret-9"
+	cookieVal := SessionCookieValue(key, token)
+	cfg := LauncherDashboardAuthConfig{ExpectedCookie: cookieVal, Token: token}
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	})
+	h := LauncherDashboardAuth(cfg, next)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	req.AddCookie(&http.Cookie{Name: LauncherDashboardCookieName, Value: cookieVal})
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("cookie auth: status = %d", rec.Code)
+	}
+
+	rec2 := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req2 := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
+	req2.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec2, req2)
+	if rec2.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("bearer auth: status = %d", rec2.Code)
+	}
+}

web/backend/middleware/referrer_policy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package middleware
+
+import "net/http"
+
+// ReferrerPolicyNoReferrer sets Referrer-Policy: no-referrer on every response so sensitive
+// query parameters (e.g. ?token= for dashboard bootstrap) are not leaked via the Referer header.
+func ReferrerPolicyNoReferrer(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Referrer-Policy", "no-referrer")
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}

web/backend/systray.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"fyne.io/systray"
+	"github.com/atotto/clipboard"
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/web/backend/utils"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ func onReady() {
 
 	// Create menu items
 	mOpen := systray.AddMenuItem(T(MenuOpen), T(MenuOpenTooltip))
+	mCopyTok := systray.AddMenuItem(T(MenuCopyToken), T(MenuCopyTokenHint))
 	mAbout := systray.AddMenuItem(T(MenuAbout), T(MenuAboutTooltip))
 
 	// Add version info under About menu
@@ -50,6 +52,17 @@ func onReady() {
 					logger.Errorf("Failed to open browser: %v", err)
 				}
 
+			case <-mCopyTok.ClickedCh:
+				if launcherDashboardTokenForClipboard == "" {
+					logger.WarnC("web", "Dashboard token is empty; cannot copy")
+					continue
+				}
+				if err := clipboard.WriteAll(launcherDashboardTokenForClipboard); err != nil {
+					logger.Errorf("Failed to copy dashboard token: %v", err)
+				} else {
+					logger.InfoC("web", "Dashboard token copied to clipboard")
+				}
+
 			case <-mVersion.ClickedCh:
 				// Version info - do nothing, just shows current version
 

web/backend/tray_offers_copy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//go:build (!darwin && !freebsd) || cgo
+
+package main
+
+func trayOffersDashboardTokenCopy() bool { return true }

web/backend/tray_offers_copy_stub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//go:build (darwin || freebsd) && !cgo
+
+package main
+
+func trayOffersDashboardTokenCopy() bool { return false }